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HMS Lancaster (1902)

April 30, 2023

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Lancaster.

HMS Lancaster was one of 10 Monmouth-class armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Upon completion she was assigned to the 3rd Cruiser Squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet. She remained there until 1912 when she returned home to be placed in reserve. The ship was recommissioned in 1913 for service with the 4th Cruiser Squadron on the North America and West Indies Station. She remained there until she was assigned to the Grand Fleet in 1915. She was transferred to the Pacific in 1916 and she became flagship of the Eastern Squadron in 1918. The ship was sold for scrap in 1920.

Lancaster's sister ship Kent
History
United Kingdom
NameLancaster
NamesakeLancashire
BuilderArmstrong Whitworth, Elswick
Laid down4 March 1901
Launched22 March 1902
ChristenedMrs. Douglas
Completed5 April 1904
FateSold for scrap, 3 March 1920
General characteristics
Class and typeMonmouth-class armoured cruiser
Displacement9,800 long tons (10,000 t) (normal)
Length463 ft 6 in (141.3 m) (o/a)
Beam66 ft (20.1 m)
Draught25 ft (7.6 m)
Installed power
Propulsion2 × shafts; 2 × triple-expansion steam engines
Speed23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph)
Complement678
Armament
Armour
Ship's bell from Lancaster in Lancaster City Museum

Design and description

The Monmouths were intended to protect British merchant shipping from fast cruisers like the French Guichen, Châteaurenault or the Dupleix class. The ships were designed to displace 9,800 long tons (10,000 t). They had an overall length of 463 feet 6 inches (141.3 m), a beam of 66 feet (20.1 m) and a deep draught of 25 feet (7.6 m). They were powered by two 4-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft using steam provided by 31 Belleville boilers. The engines produced a total of 22,000 indicated horsepower (16,000 kW) which was designed to give the ships a maximum speed of 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph). Lancaster, however, reached 24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph) during her sea trials.[1] She carried a maximum of 1,600 long tons (1,600 t) of coal and her complement consisted of 678 officers and ratings.[2]

The Monmouth-class ships' main armament consisted of fourteen breech-loading (BL) 6-inch (152 mm) Mk VII guns.[3] Four of these guns were mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure, and the others were positioned in casemates amidships. Six of these were mounted on the main deck and were only usable in calm weather.[4] Ten quick-firing (QF) 12-pounder (3-inch (76 mm)) 12-cwt guns[Note 1] were fitted for defence against torpedo boats.[2] Lancaster also carried three 3-pounder 1.9 in (47 mm) Hotchkiss guns and two submerged 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.[1]

Beginning in 1915, the main deck six-inch guns of the Monmouth-class ships were moved to the upper deck and given gun shields. Their casemates were plated over to improve seakeeping. The twelve-pounder guns displaced by the transfer were repositioned elsewhere. At some point in the war, a pair of three-pounder anti-aircraft guns were installed on the upper deck.[5]

The ship's waterline armour belt was four inches (102 mm) thick amidships and two-inch (51 mm) forward. The armour of the gun turrets, their barbettes and the casemates was four inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from 0.75–2 inches (19–51 mm) and the conning tower was protected by ten inches (254 mm) of armour.[6]

Construction and service

Lancaster, named for the English county,[7] was laid down by Armstrong Whitworth at their shipyard in Elswick on 4 March 1901 and launched on 22 March 1902, when she was christened by Mrs. Douglas, wife of Vice-Admiral A. L. Douglas, Second Naval Lord.[8] She was completed on 5 April 1904[1] and was initially assigned to the 3rd Cruiser Squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet. She remained with the squadron after it was redesignated as the 6th Cruiser Squadron, not returning home until 1912 when she was assigned to the reserve 5th Cruiser Squadron. The following year Lancaster was recommissioned and assigned to the 4th Cruiser Squadron on the North America and West Indies Station.[9][10]

After the beginning of World War I in August 1914, she searched for German commerce raiders and protected convoys[11] until she returned home to join the 7th Cruiser Squadron of the Grand Fleet in 1915. She was transferred to the Pacific in April 1916 and became flagship of the Eastern Squadron in 1918.[9] Lancaster was partially dismantled in Birkenhead before she was sold for scrap on 3 March 1920 and subsequently broken up in Blyth.[12]

Notes

  1. ^ "Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 12 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c Roberts, p. 70
  2. ^ a b Friedman 2012, p. 336
  3. ^ Friedman 2011, p. 81
  4. ^ Friedman 2012, pp. 251–252, 260–261
  5. ^ Friedman 2012, pp. 280, 286
  6. ^ McBride, p. 21
  7. ^ Silverstone, p. 247
  8. ^ "Launch of the Lancaster". The Times. No. 36723. London. 24 March 1902. p. 10.
  9. ^ a b Preston, p. 12
  10. ^ Transcript
  11. ^ Massie, p. 202
  12. ^ Silverstone, p. 248

Bibliography

  • Corbett, Julian (1997) [1938]. Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands. History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents. Vol. I (2nd ed.). London and Nashville, Tennessee: Imperial War Museum and Battery Press. ISBN 0-89839-256-X.
  • Friedman, Norman (2012). British Cruisers of the Victorian Era. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-59114-068-9.
  • Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations; An Illustrated Directory. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
  • Massie, Robert K. (2003). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-45671-6.
  • McBride, Keith (1988). "The First County Class Cruisers of the Royal Navy, Part I: The Monmouths". Warship. London: Conway Maritime Press. 46 (April): 19–26. ISSN 0142-6222.
  • Preston, Antony (1985). "Great Britain and Empire Forces". In Gray, Randal (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 1–104. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Roberts, John (1979). "Great Britain and Empire Forces". In Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 1–113. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
  • Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.
  • "Transcript: HMS Lancaster - September 1913 to March 1915, UK out, 4th Cruiser Squadron West Indies, North America and West Indies Station (Part 1 of 3)". Royal Navy Log Books of the World War 1 Era. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 3 March 2014.

April 30, 2023
lancaster, 1902, other, ships, with, same, name, lancaster, lancaster, monmouth, class, armoured, cruisers, built, royal, navy, first, decade, 20th, century, upon, completion, assigned, cruiser, squadron, mediterranean, fleet, remained, there, until, 1912, whe. For other ships with the same name see HMS Lancaster HMS Lancaster was one of 10 Monmouth class armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century Upon completion she was assigned to the 3rd Cruiser Squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet She remained there until 1912 when she returned home to be placed in reserve The ship was recommissioned in 1913 for service with the 4th Cruiser Squadron on the North America and West Indies Station She remained there until she was assigned to the Grand Fleet in 1915 She was transferred to the Pacific in 1916 and she became flagship of the Eastern Squadron in 1918 The ship was sold for scrap in 1920 Lancaster s sister ship KentHistoryUnited KingdomNameLancasterNamesakeLancashireBuilderArmstrong Whitworth ElswickLaid down4 March 1901Launched22 March 1902ChristenedMrs DouglasCompleted5 April 1904FateSold for scrap 3 March 1920General characteristicsClass and typeMonmouth class armoured cruiserDisplacement9 800 long tons 10 000 t normal Length463 ft 6 in 141 3 m o a Beam66 ft 20 1 m Draught25 ft 7 6 m Installed power31 water tube boilers 22 000 ihp 16 000 kW Propulsion2 shafts 2 triple expansion steam enginesSpeed23 knots 43 km h 26 mph Complement678Armament2 twin 10 single 6 in 152 mm guns 10 single 12 pdr 3 in 76 mm guns 3 single 3 pdr 1 9 in 47 mm guns 2 18 in 450 mm torpedo tubesArmourBelt 2 4 in 51 102 mm Decks 0 75 2 in 19 51 mm Barbettes 4 in 102 mm Turrets 4 in 102 mm Conning tower 10 in 254 mm Ship s bell from Lancaster in Lancaster City Museum Contents 1 Design and description 2 Construction and service 3 Notes 4 Footnotes 5 BibliographyDesign and description EditThe Monmouths were intended to protect British merchant shipping from fast cruisers like the French Guichen Chateaurenault or the Dupleix class The ships were designed to displace 9 800 long tons 10 000 t They had an overall length of 463 feet 6 inches 141 3 m a beam of 66 feet 20 1 m and a deep draught of 25 feet 7 6 m They were powered by two 4 cylinder triple expansion steam engines each driving one shaft using steam provided by 31 Belleville boilers The engines produced a total of 22 000 indicated horsepower 16 000 kW which was designed to give the ships a maximum speed of 23 knots 43 km h 26 mph Lancaster however reached 24 knots 44 km h 28 mph during her sea trials 1 She carried a maximum of 1 600 long tons 1 600 t of coal and her complement consisted of 678 officers and ratings 2 The Monmouth class ships main armament consisted of fourteen breech loading BL 6 inch 152 mm Mk VII guns 3 Four of these guns were mounted in two twin gun turrets one each fore and aft of the superstructure and the others were positioned in casemates amidships Six of these were mounted on the main deck and were only usable in calm weather 4 Ten quick firing QF 12 pounder 3 inch 76 mm 12 cwt guns Note 1 were fitted for defence against torpedo boats 2 Lancaster also carried three 3 pounder 1 9 in 47 mm Hotchkiss guns and two submerged 18 inch 450 mm torpedo tubes 1 Beginning in 1915 the main deck six inch guns of the Monmouth class ships were moved to the upper deck and given gun shields Their casemates were plated over to improve seakeeping The twelve pounder guns displaced by the transfer were repositioned elsewhere At some point in the war a pair of three pounder anti aircraft guns were installed on the upper deck 5 The ship s waterline armour belt was four inches 102 mm thick amidships and two inch 51 mm forward The armour of the gun turrets their barbettes and the casemates was four inches thick The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from 0 75 2 inches 19 51 mm and the conning tower was protected by ten inches 254 mm of armour 6 Construction and service EditLancaster named for the English county 7 was laid down by Armstrong Whitworth at their shipyard in Elswick on 4 March 1901 and launched on 22 March 1902 when she was christened by Mrs Douglas wife of Vice Admiral A L Douglas Second Naval Lord 8 She was completed on 5 April 1904 1 and was initially assigned to the 3rd Cruiser Squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet She remained with the squadron after it was redesignated as the 6th Cruiser Squadron not returning home until 1912 when she was assigned to the reserve 5th Cruiser Squadron The following year Lancaster was recommissioned and assigned to the 4th Cruiser Squadron on the North America and West Indies Station 9 10 After the beginning of World War I in August 1914 she searched for German commerce raiders and protected convoys 11 until she returned home to join the 7th Cruiser Squadron of the Grand Fleet in 1915 She was transferred to the Pacific in April 1916 and became flagship of the Eastern Squadron in 1918 9 Lancaster was partially dismantled in Birkenhead before she was sold for scrap on 3 March 1920 and subsequently broken up in Blyth 12 Notes Edit Cwt is the abbreviation for hundredweight 12 cwt referring to the weight of the gun Footnotes Edit a b c Roberts p 70 a b Friedman 2012 p 336 Friedman 2011 p 81 Friedman 2012 pp 251 252 260 261 Friedman 2012 pp 280 286 McBride p 21 Silverstone p 247 Launch of the Lancaster The Times No 36723 London 24 March 1902 p 10 a b Preston p 12 Transcript Massie p 202 Silverstone p 248Bibliography EditCorbett Julian 1997 1938 Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands History of the Great War Based on Official Documents Vol I 2nd ed London and Nashville Tennessee Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ISBN 0 89839 256 X Friedman Norman 2012 British Cruisers of the Victorian Era Barnsley UK Seaforth ISBN 978 1 59114 068 9 Friedman Norman 2011 Naval Weapons of World War One Guns Torpedoes Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations An Illustrated Directory Barnsley UK Seaforth Publishing ISBN 978 1 84832 100 7 Massie Robert K 2003 Castles of Steel Britain Germany and the Winning of the Great War at Sea New York Random House ISBN 0 679 45671 6 McBride Keith 1988 The First County Class Cruisers of the Royal Navy Part I The Monmouths Warship London Conway Maritime Press 46 April 19 26 ISSN 0142 6222 Preston Antony 1985 Great Britain and Empire Forces In Gray Randal ed Conway s All the World s Fighting Ships 1906 1921 Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press pp 1 104 ISBN 0 85177 245 5 Roberts John 1979 Great Britain and Empire Forces In Chesneau Roger amp Kolesnik Eugene M eds Conway s All the World s Fighting Ships 1860 1905 Greenwich UK Conway Maritime Press pp 1 113 ISBN 0 8317 0302 4 Silverstone Paul H 1984 Directory of the World s Capital Ships New York Hippocrene Books ISBN 0 88254 979 0 Transcript HMS Lancaster September 1913 to March 1915 UK out 4th Cruiser Squadron West Indies North America and West Indies Station Part 1 of 3 Royal Navy Log Books of the World War 1 Era Naval History net Retrieved 3 March 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title HMS Lancaster 1902 amp oldid 1120972014, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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