HMS Hurricane was an H-classdestroyer that had originally been ordered by the Brazilian Navy in the late 1930s with the name Japura, but was bought by the Royal Navy after the beginning of World War II in September 1939 and later renamed. When completed in June 1940, the ship was temporarily assigned to the Home Fleet before she began escorting convoys and conducting anti-submarine patrols. She was badly damaged during a German air raid on Liverpool in May 1941 and her repairs were not completed until the beginning of 1942. Hurricane was then assigned as the flotilla leader of Escort Group B1 assigned to the Mid-Ocean Escort Force, escorting convoys in the North Atlantic for the next two years. The ship was torpedoed by a German submarine on Christmas Eve 1943, and had to be scuttled the next day as she was unable to steam back to port.
Hurricane displaced 1,350 long tons (1,370 t) at standard load and 1,883 long tons (1,913 t) at deep load. The ship had an overall length of 323 feet (98.5 m), a beam of 33 feet (10.1 m) and a draught of 12 feet 5 inches (3.8 m). She was powered by Parsons geared steam turbines, driving two shafts, which developed a total of 34,000 shaft horsepower (25,000 kW) and gave a maximum speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3-drum water-tube boilers. Hurricane carried a maximum of 470 long tons (480 t) of fuel oil, giving her a range of 5,530 nautical miles (10,240 km; 6,360 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[2] The ship's complement was 152 officers and men.[3]
The vessel was designed for four 4.7-inch Mk IX guns in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear, but 'Y' gun was removed to compensate for the additional depth charges added. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, Hurricane had two quadruple Mark I mounts for the 0.5 inch Vickers Mark IIImachine gun. She was fitted with two above-water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for 21-inch (533 mm) torpedoes.[2] One depth charge rail and two throwers were originally fitted, but this was increased to three sets of rails and eight throwers while fitting-out. The ship's load of depth charges was increased from 20 to 110 as well.[4][5] She was fitted with an ASDIC set to detect submarines by reflections from sound waves beamed into the water.[6]
Wartime modificationsedit
Little data on Hurricane's modifications during the war has survived, although it is known that she had her rear torpedo tubes replaced by a 12-pounder AA gun by October 1940.[7] The ship's short-range AA armament may have been augmented by two Oerlikon 20 mm guns on the wings of the ship's bridge and the .50-calibre machine gun mounts may have also been replaced by a pair of Oerlikons. The ship's director-control tower and rangefinder above the bridge may have been removed in exchange for a Type 271 target indication radar. A Type 286 short-range surface search radar was probably also fitted midway through the war. The ship probably also received a HF/DFradio direction finder mounted on a pole mainmast.[3] It is not known at what point the dazzle camouflage paint scheme was applied.
Serviceedit
Japura was ordered by Brazil on 6 December 1937 from Vickers-Armstrongs, Barrow-in-Furness. The ship was laid down on 3 June 1938 and she was purchased by the British on 5 September 1939 after the beginning of World War II. Renamed HMS Hurricane, the ship was launched on 29 September and commissioned on 21 June 1940.[8] She was assigned to the 9th Destroyer Flotilla of the Home Fleet upon commissioning until new construction replaced the losses suffered over the previous few months. Hurricane then began escorting convoys and conducting anti-submarine patrols until May 1941. On 17 September, the ship rescued survivors of City of Benares, a small passenger ship evacuating 90 children from the United Kingdom to Canada, and the freighter Marina.[9] She rescued 451 survivors from the passenger-cargo liner City of Nagpur and landed them at Greenock, Scotland on 1 May 1941.[9][10]
Hurricane was bombed and sunk in a German air raid on Liverpool during the night of 7/8 May 1941. She was struck by a bomb that passed through the hull and detonated underneath her. The explosion blew a large hole in her bottom and flooded her engine room and oil tanks. The ship's structure was badly damaged enough that her stern began to sag downwards and Hurricane was moved to Bidston Dock lest she sink and block traffic in the harbour. No one was killed in the attack, although a few crewmen received minor injuries.[9]
The ship was repaired and returned to service in January 1942 as flotilla leader of Escort Group B1 assigned to the Mid-Ocean Escort Force. Hurricane remained as the leader for the next two years.[9] Whilst escorting Convoy OS 62/KMS 36, the ship was hit by an acoustic T5 torpedo fired by the German submarine U-415 on the evening of 24 December 1943.[11] The torpedo homed in on the ship's propeller noises and blew off 30 feet (9.1 m) of her stern. The explosion killed three and wounded nine of her crew, and rendered her unable to move. The following morning, she was scuttled by the destroyer Watchman at 45°10′N22°05′W / 45.167°N 22.083°W / 45.167; -22.083.[9]
Brown, David K. (2007). Atlantic Escorts: Ships, Weapons & Tactics in World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN978-1-59114-012-2.
English, John (1993). Amazon to Ivanhoe: British Standard Destroyers of the 1930s. Kendal, England: World Ship Society. ISBN0-905617-64-9.
Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN978-1-59114-081-8.
Lenton, H. T. (1998). British & Empire Warships of the Second World War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN1-55750-048-7.
Miller, William H (2001). Picture History of British Ocean Liners, 1900 to the Present. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. ISBN0-486-41532-5.
Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN1-59114-119-2.
Whitley, M. J. (1988). Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN0-87021-326-1.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to HMS Hurricane (H06).
hurricane, hurricane, class, destroyer, that, originally, been, ordered, brazilian, navy, late, 1930s, with, name, japura, bought, royal, navy, after, beginning, world, september, 1939, later, renamed, when, completed, june, 1940, ship, temporarily, assigned, . HMS Hurricane was an H class destroyer that had originally been ordered by the Brazilian Navy in the late 1930s with the name Japura but was bought by the Royal Navy after the beginning of World War II in September 1939 and later renamed When completed in June 1940 the ship was temporarily assigned to the Home Fleet before she began escorting convoys and conducting anti submarine patrols She was badly damaged during a German air raid on Liverpool in May 1941 and her repairs were not completed until the beginning of 1942 Hurricane was then assigned as the flotilla leader of Escort Group B1 assigned to the Mid Ocean Escort Force escorting convoys in the North Atlantic for the next two years The ship was torpedoed by a German submarine on Christmas Eve 1943 and had to be scuttled the next day as she was unable to steam back to port HMS HurricaneHistory Brazil NameJapura Ordered6 December 1937 BuilderVickers Armstrongs Barrow in Furness Laid down30 June 1938 FatePurchased by the United Kingdom 5 September 1939 United Kingdom NameHMS Hurricane NamesakeHurricane Launched29 September 1939 Acquired5 September 1939 Commissioned21 June 1940 IdentificationPennant number H06 1 FateScuttled after a torpedo hit from U 415 25 December 1943 General characteristics as built Class and typeBrazilian H class destroyer Displacement1 350 long tons 1 370 t standard 1 883 long tons 1 913 t deep load Length323 ft 98 5 m Beam33 ft 10 1 m Draught12 ft 5 in 3 8 m Installed power34 000 shp 25 000 kW Propulsion2 shafts Parsons geared steam turbines 3 Admiralty water tube boilers Speed36 knots 67 km h 41 mph Range5 530 nmi 10 240 km 6 360 mi at 15 knots 28 km h 17 mph Complement152 Sensors and processing systemsASDIC Armament3 1 QF 4 7 inch 120 mm Mk IX guns 2 4 0 5 inch 12 7 mm machine guns 2 4 21 inch 533 mm torpedo tubes 110 depth charges 3 rails and 8 throwers Contents 1 Description 1 1 Wartime modifications 2 Service 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksDescription editHurricane displaced 1 350 long tons 1 370 t at standard load and 1 883 long tons 1 913 t at deep load The ship had an overall length of 323 feet 98 5 m a beam of 33 feet 10 1 m and a draught of 12 feet 5 inches 3 8 m She was powered by Parsons geared steam turbines driving two shafts which developed a total of 34 000 shaft horsepower 25 000 kW and gave a maximum speed of 36 knots 67 km h 41 mph Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3 drum water tube boilers Hurricane carried a maximum of 470 long tons 480 t of fuel oil giving her a range of 5 530 nautical miles 10 240 km 6 360 mi at 15 knots 28 km h 17 mph 2 The ship s complement was 152 officers and men 3 The vessel was designed for four 4 7 inch Mk IX guns in single mounts designated A B X and Y from front to rear but Y gun was removed to compensate for the additional depth charges added For anti aircraft AA defence Hurricane had two quadruple Mark I mounts for the 0 5 inch Vickers Mark III machine gun She was fitted with two above water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for 21 inch 533 mm torpedoes 2 One depth charge rail and two throwers were originally fitted but this was increased to three sets of rails and eight throwers while fitting out The ship s load of depth charges was increased from 20 to 110 as well 4 5 She was fitted with an ASDIC set to detect submarines by reflections from sound waves beamed into the water 6 Wartime modifications edit Little data on Hurricane s modifications during the war has survived although it is known that she had her rear torpedo tubes replaced by a 12 pounder AA gun by October 1940 7 The ship s short range AA armament may have been augmented by two Oerlikon 20 mm guns on the wings of the ship s bridge and the 50 calibre machine gun mounts may have also been replaced by a pair of Oerlikons The ship s director control tower and rangefinder above the bridge may have been removed in exchange for a Type 271 target indication radar A Type 286 short range surface search radar was probably also fitted midway through the war The ship probably also received a HF DF radio direction finder mounted on a pole mainmast 3 It is not known at what point the dazzle camouflage paint scheme was applied Service editJapura was ordered by Brazil on 6 December 1937 from Vickers Armstrongs Barrow in Furness The ship was laid down on 3 June 1938 and she was purchased by the British on 5 September 1939 after the beginning of World War II Renamed HMS Hurricane the ship was launched on 29 September and commissioned on 21 June 1940 8 She was assigned to the 9th Destroyer Flotilla of the Home Fleet upon commissioning until new construction replaced the losses suffered over the previous few months Hurricane then began escorting convoys and conducting anti submarine patrols until May 1941 On 17 September the ship rescued survivors of City of Benares a small passenger ship evacuating 90 children from the United Kingdom to Canada and the freighter Marina 9 She rescued 451 survivors from the passenger cargo liner City of Nagpur and landed them at Greenock Scotland on 1 May 1941 9 10 Hurricane was bombed and sunk in a German air raid on Liverpool during the night of 7 8 May 1941 She was struck by a bomb that passed through the hull and detonated underneath her The explosion blew a large hole in her bottom and flooded her engine room and oil tanks The ship s structure was badly damaged enough that her stern began to sag downwards and Hurricane was moved to Bidston Dock lest she sink and block traffic in the harbour No one was killed in the attack although a few crewmen received minor injuries 9 The ship was repaired and returned to service in January 1942 as flotilla leader of Escort Group B1 assigned to the Mid Ocean Escort Force Hurricane remained as the leader for the next two years 9 Whilst escorting Convoy OS 62 KMS 36 the ship was hit by an acoustic T5 torpedo fired by the German submarine U 415 on the evening of 24 December 1943 11 The torpedo homed in on the ship s propeller noises and blew off 30 feet 9 1 m of her stern The explosion killed three and wounded nine of her crew and rendered her unable to move The following morning she was scuttled by the destroyer Watchman at 45 10 N 22 05 W 45 167 N 22 083 W 45 167 22 083 9 Notes edit Whitley p 112 a b Whitley p 109 a b Lenton p 163 English p 141 Friedman p 226 Brown p 164 Friedman p 241 English p 127 a b c d e English p 134 Miller p 37 Rohwer p 294References editBrown David K 2007 Atlantic Escorts Ships Weapons amp Tactics in World War II Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 978 1 59114 012 2 English John 1993 Amazon to Ivanhoe British Standard Destroyers of the 1930s Kendal England World Ship Society ISBN 0 905617 64 9 Friedman Norman 2009 British Destroyers From Earliest Days to the Second World War Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 978 1 59114 081 8 Lenton H T 1998 British amp Empire Warships of the Second World War Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 1 55750 048 7 Miller William H 2001 Picture History of British Ocean Liners 1900 to the Present Mineola New York Dover Publications ISBN 0 486 41532 5 Rohwer Jurgen 2005 Chronology of the War at Sea 1939 1945 The Naval History of World War Two Third Revised ed Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 1 59114 119 2 Whitley M J 1988 Destroyers of World War Two An International Encyclopedia Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 0 87021 326 1 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to HMS Hurricane H06 45 10 N 22 05 W 45 167 N 22 083 W 45 167 22 083 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title HMS Hurricane H06 amp oldid 1158254235, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
