The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. The class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DRA) and a beta chain (DRB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages).[2]
Gene structure and polymorphismsedit
The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa. It is encoded by 6 exons, exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DR molecule the beta chain contains all the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities. Hundreds of DRB1 alleles have been described and typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation.[2]
Gene expressionedit
DRB1 is expressed at a level five times higher than its paralogues DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. DRB1 is present in all individuals. Allelic variants of DRB1 are linked with either none or one of the genes DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. There are 4 related pseudogenes: DRB2, DRB6, DRB7, DRB8 and DRB9.[2]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ abcd"Entrez Gene: HLA-DRB4 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4".
Further readingedit
Germain RN (1996). "Binding domain regulation of MHC class II molecule assembly, trafficking, fate, and function". Semin. Immunol. 7 (6): 361–72. doi:10.1006/smim.1995.0041. PMID 8775462.
O'Brien RM, Cram DS, Russ GR, et al. (1992). "Nucleotide sequences of the HLA-DRw12 and DRw8 B1 chains from an Australian aborigine". Hum. Immunol. 34 (2): 147–51. doi:10.1016/0198-8859(92)90041-K. PMID 1358866.
Kenter M, Otting N, Anholts J, et al. (1992). "Mhc-DRB diversity of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)". Immunogenetics. 37 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/BF00223539. PMID 1428007. S2CID 26557301.
Dong RP, Kimura A, Sasazuki T (1992). "Sequence analysis of three novel DRw14-DRB1 alleles". Immunogenetics. 36 (2): 130–3. doi:10.1007/BF00215291. PMID 1612646. S2CID 32928324.
Piatier-Tonneau D, Gastinel LN, Amblard F, et al. (1991). "Interaction of CD4 with HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120". Immunogenetics. 34 (2): 121–8. doi:10.1007/BF00211424. PMID 1869305. S2CID 10116507.
Nong Y, Kandil O, Tobin EH, et al. (1991). "The HIV core protein p24 inhibits interferon-gamma-induced increase of HLA-DR and cytochrome b heavy chain mRNA levels in the human monocyte-like cell line THP1". Cell. Immunol. 132 (1): 10–6. doi:10.1016/0008-8749(91)90002-S. PMID 1905983.
Rosenstein Y, Burakoff SJ, Herrmann SH (1990). "HIV-gp120 can block CD4-class II MHC-mediated adhesion". J. Immunol. 144 (2): 526–31. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.144.2.526. PMID 1967269.
Callahan KM, Fort MM, Obah EA, et al. (1990). "Genetic variability in HIV-1 gp120 affects interactions with HLA molecules and T cell receptor". J. Immunol. 144 (9): 3341–6. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.144.9.3341. PMID 1970352.
Bowman MR, MacFerrin KD, Schreiber SL, Burakoff SJ (1991). "Identification and structural analysis of residues in the V1 region of CD4 involved in interaction with human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (22): 9052–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.22.9052. PMC55099. PMID 1978941.
Gyllensten UB, Sundvall M, Erlich HA (1991). "Allelic diversity is generated by intraexon sequence exchange at the DRB1 locus of primates". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (9): 3686–90. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.3686G. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.9.3686. PMC51517. PMID 2023919.
Lee KW, Johnson AH, Hurley CK (1990). "Two divergent routes of evolution gave rise to the DRw13 haplotypes". J. Immunol. 145 (9): 3119–25. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.145.9.3119. PMID 2212675. S2CID 19868100.
Gorski J (1989). "First domain sequence of the HLA-DRB1 chain from two HLA-DRw14 homozygous typing cell lines: TEM (Dw9) and AMALA (Dw16)". Hum. Immunol. 24 (2): 145–9. doi:10.1016/0198-8859(89)90054-2. PMID 2466818.
Fan WM, Kasahara M, Gutknecht J, et al. (1990). "Shared class II MHC polymorphisms between humans and chimpanzees". Hum. Immunol. 26 (2): 107–21. doi:10.1016/0198-8859(89)90096-7. PMID 2511168.
Clayton LK, Sieh M, Pious DA, Reinherz EL (1989). "Identification of human CD4 residues affecting class II MHC versus HIV-1 gp120 binding". Nature. 339 (6225): 548–51. Bibcode:1989Natur.339..548C. doi:10.1038/339548a0. PMID 2543930. S2CID 4246781.
Abe A, Ito I, Ohkubo M, et al. (1990). "Two distinct subtypes of the HLA-DRw12 haplotypes in the Japanese population detected by nucleotide sequence analysis and oligonucleotide genotyping". Immunogenetics. 30 (6): 422–6. doi:10.1007/BF02421173. PMID 2592019. S2CID 30397455.
Diamond DC, Sleckman BP, Gregory T, et al. (1988). "Inhibition of CD4+ T cell function by the HIV envelope protein, gp120". J. Immunol. 141 (11): 3715–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.141.11.3715. PMID 2846691.
Owerbach D, Rich C, Taneja K (1986). "Characterization of three HLA-DR beta genes isolated from an HLA-DR 3/4 insulin-dependent diabetic patient". Immunogenetics. 24 (1): 41–6. doi:10.1007/BF00372296. PMID 3015788. S2CID 19599710.
Karr RW, Gregersen PK, Obata F, et al. (1986). "Analysis of DR beta and DQ beta chain cDNA clones from a DR7 haplotype". J. Immunol. 137 (9): 2886–90. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.137.9.2886. PMID 3020127.
Andersson G, Larhammar D, Widmark E, et al. (1987). "Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. Organization and evolutionary relationship of the DR beta genes". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (18): 8748–58. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47480-7. PMID 3036826.
Wu S, Saunders TL, Bach FH (1987). "Polymorphism of human Ia antigens generated by reciprocal intergenic exchange between two DR beta loci". Nature. 324 (6098): 676–9. doi:10.1038/324676a0. PMID 3099214. S2CID 4365990.
This protein-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
drb4, major, histocompatibility, complex, class, beta, also, known, human, gene, identifiersaliases, drb4, dr4b, major, histocompatibility, complex, class, beta, drbexternal, idsgenecards, gene, location, human, chromosome, human, band6p21, 3start32, bpend32, . Major histocompatibility complex class II DR beta 4 also known as HLA DRB4 is a human gene 2 HLA DRB4IdentifiersAliasesHLA DRB4 DR 4 DR4 DRB4 HLA DR4B major histocompatibility complex class II DR beta 4 HLA DRB4 HLA DRBExternal IDsGeneCards HLA DRB4Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 6 human Band6p21 3Start32 542 662 bpEnd32 557 610 bpOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez3126n aEnsembln an aUniProtP13762n aRefSeq mRNA NM 021983n aRefSeq protein NP 068818n aLocation UCSC Chr 6 32 54 32 56 Mbn aPubMed search 1 n aWikidataView Edit Human Contents 1 Function 2 Gene structure and polymorphisms 3 Gene expression 4 See also 5 References 6 Further readingFunction editThe protein encoded by this gene belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues The class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha DRA and a beta chain DRB both anchored in the membrane It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells APC B lymphocytes dendritic cells macrophages 2 Gene structure and polymorphisms editThe beta chain is approximately 26 28 kDa It is encoded by 6 exons exon one encodes the leader peptide exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail Within the DR molecule the beta chain contains all the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities Hundreds of DRB1 alleles have been described and typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation 2 Gene expression editDRB1 is expressed at a level five times higher than its paralogues DRB3 DRB4 and DRB5 DRB1 is present in all individuals Allelic variants of DRB1 are linked with either none or one of the genes DRB3 DRB4 and DRB5 There are 4 related pseudogenes DRB2 DRB6 DRB7 DRB8 and DRB9 2 See also editHLA DRReferences edit Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine a b c d Entrez Gene HLA DRB4 major histocompatibility complex class II DR beta 4 Further reading editGermain RN 1996 Binding domain regulation of MHC class II molecule assembly trafficking fate and function Semin Immunol 7 6 361 72 doi 10 1006 smim 1995 0041 PMID 8775462 O Brien RM Cram DS Russ GR et al 1992 Nucleotide sequences of the HLA DRw12 and DRw8 B1 chains from an Australian aborigine Hum Immunol 34 2 147 51 doi 10 1016 0198 8859 92 90041 K PMID 1358866 Kenter M Otting N Anholts J et al 1992 Mhc DRB diversity of the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes Immunogenetics 37 1 1 11 doi 10 1007 BF00223539 PMID 1428007 S2CID 26557301 Dong RP Kimura A Sasazuki T 1992 Sequence analysis of three novel DRw14 DRB1 alleles Immunogenetics 36 2 130 3 doi 10 1007 BF00215291 PMID 1612646 S2CID 32928324 Piatier Tonneau D Gastinel LN Amblard F et al 1991 Interaction of CD4 with HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120 Immunogenetics 34 2 121 8 doi 10 1007 BF00211424 PMID 1869305 S2CID 10116507 Nong Y Kandil O Tobin EH et al 1991 The HIV core protein p24 inhibits interferon gamma induced increase of HLA DR and cytochrome b heavy chain mRNA levels in the human monocyte like cell line THP1 Cell Immunol 132 1 10 6 doi 10 1016 0008 8749 91 90002 S PMID 1905983 Rosenstein Y Burakoff SJ Herrmann SH 1990 HIV gp120 can block CD4 class II MHC mediated adhesion J Immunol 144 2 526 31 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 144 2 526 PMID 1967269 Callahan KM Fort MM Obah EA et al 1990 Genetic variability in HIV 1 gp120 affects interactions with HLA molecules and T cell receptor J Immunol 144 9 3341 6 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 144 9 3341 PMID 1970352 Bowman MR MacFerrin KD Schreiber SL Burakoff SJ 1991 Identification and structural analysis of residues in the V1 region of CD4 involved in interaction with human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87 22 9052 6 doi 10 1073 pnas 87 22 9052 PMC 55099 PMID 1978941 Gyllensten UB Sundvall M Erlich HA 1991 Allelic diversity is generated by intraexon sequence exchange at the DRB1 locus of primates Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88 9 3686 90 Bibcode 1991PNAS 88 3686G doi 10 1073 pnas 88 9 3686 PMC 51517 PMID 2023919 Lee KW Johnson AH Hurley CK 1990 Two divergent routes of evolution gave rise to the DRw13 haplotypes J Immunol 145 9 3119 25 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 145 9 3119 PMID 2212675 S2CID 19868100 Gorski J 1989 First domain sequence of the HLA DRB1 chain from two HLA DRw14 homozygous typing cell lines TEM Dw9 and AMALA Dw16 Hum Immunol 24 2 145 9 doi 10 1016 0198 8859 89 90054 2 PMID 2466818 Fan WM Kasahara M Gutknecht J et al 1990 Shared class II MHC polymorphisms between humans and chimpanzees Hum Immunol 26 2 107 21 doi 10 1016 0198 8859 89 90096 7 PMID 2511168 Clayton LK Sieh M Pious DA Reinherz EL 1989 Identification of human CD4 residues affecting class II MHC versus HIV 1 gp120 binding Nature 339 6225 548 51 Bibcode 1989Natur 339 548C doi 10 1038 339548a0 PMID 2543930 S2CID 4246781 Abe A Ito I Ohkubo M et al 1990 Two distinct subtypes of the HLA DRw12 haplotypes in the Japanese population detected by nucleotide sequence analysis and oligonucleotide genotyping Immunogenetics 30 6 422 6 doi 10 1007 BF02421173 PMID 2592019 S2CID 30397455 Diamond DC Sleckman BP Gregory T et al 1988 Inhibition of CD4 T cell function by the HIV envelope protein gp120 J Immunol 141 11 3715 7 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 141 11 3715 PMID 2846691 Owerbach D Rich C Taneja K 1986 Characterization of three HLA DR beta genes isolated from an HLA DR 3 4 insulin dependent diabetic patient Immunogenetics 24 1 41 6 doi 10 1007 BF00372296 PMID 3015788 S2CID 19599710 Karr RW Gregersen PK Obata F et al 1986 Analysis of DR beta and DQ beta chain cDNA clones from a DR7 haplotype J Immunol 137 9 2886 90 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 137 9 2886 PMID 3020127 Andersson G Larhammar D Widmark E et al 1987 Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex Organization and evolutionary relationship of the DR beta genes J Biol Chem 262 18 8748 58 doi 10 1016 S0021 9258 18 47480 7 PMID 3036826 Wu S Saunders TL Bach FH 1987 Polymorphism of human Ia antigens generated by reciprocal intergenic exchange between two DR beta loci Nature 324 6098 676 9 doi 10 1038 324676a0 PMID 3099214 S2CID 4365990 nbsp This protein related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title HLA DRB4 amp oldid 1191688791, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
