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Harold Edwin Umbarger

March 11, 2023

Harold Edwin Umbarger (17 July 1921, Shelby, Ohio – 15 November 1999, Carmel, Indiana) was an American bacteriologist and biochemist.

Biography

H. Edwin Umbarger grew up in Mansfield, Ohio and graduated from Mansfield Senior High School in 1939. At Ohio University he graduated with a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1943 and a master's degree in zoology in 1944. For two years from 1944 to 1946 he served in the U.S. Navy as a hospital corpsman.[1] In 1945 he served aboard the USS Rescue.[2] In 1950 he received a Ph.D. in bacteriology from Harvard University.[1] His doctoral thesis, supervised by J. Howard Mueller,[3] is entitled Studies on the Interactions Involved in the Biosynthetic Mechanisms of Isoleucine and Valine in Escherichia Coli.[4] From 1950 to 1959 Umbarger did research at Harvard.[1] From 1957 to 1960 he was an assistant professor of bacteriology and Immunology at Harvard Medical School,[5] but he was untenured. For the academic year 1959–1960, on leave of absence from Harvard, he worked at several laboratories in England. From 1960 to 1964 he held the appointment of Staff Investigator at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.[5] At Purdue University he was appointed in 1964 a full professor and in 1970 Wright Distinguished Professor of Biological Sciences. He held that professorship until his retirement.[1]

Umbarger was a leading expert on biosynthesis of amino acids in bacteria. He is perhaps best known as the co-discoverer, with Edward A. Adelberg in 1953, of feedback inhibition in the metabolism of valine and isoleucine.[2][6] Feedback inhibition in biochemistry had been reported in an almost unknown paper a decade earlier by Zacharias Dische.[7][8]

H(arold) Edwin Umbarger had a major role in defining the pathways that living organisms employ to produce branched-chain amino acids (L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine), which are required in all proteins. He also played a pivotal role in identifying the biochemical mechanisms that bacterial and yeast cells use to modulate the synthesis of these amino acids in order to match their utilization in protein synthesis.[1]

While he was still a student, Umbarger married Merle Gladys Abele (1922–1993). They had three daughters. In 1995 he married his second wife.[5]

Awards and honors

Selected publications

  • Umbarger, H. E. (1956). "Evidence for a Negative-Feedback Mechanism in the Biosynthesis of Isoleucine". Science. 123 (3202): 848. Bibcode:1956Sci...123..848U. doi:10.1126/science.123.3202.848. PMID 13324101.
  • Umbarger, H. E.; Brown, B. (1957). "Threonine deamination in Escherichia coli II. Evidence for two L-threonine deaminases". Journal of Bacteriology. 73 (1): 105–112. doi:10.1128/JB.73.1.105-112.1957. PMC 289754. PMID 13405870.
  • Umbarger, H. E. (1961). "Feedback Control by Endproduct Inhibition". Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 26: 301–312. doi:10.1101/SQB.1961.026.01.036. PMID 13923752.
  • Freundlich, M.; Burns, R. O.; Umbarger, H. E. (1962). "Control of Isoleucine, Valine, and Leucine Biosynthesis, I. Multi-Valent Repression". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 48 (10): 1804–1808. Bibcode:1962PNAS...48.1804F. doi:10.1073/pnas.48.10.1804. PMC 221043. PMID 13959618.
  • Umbarger, H. E. (1964). "Intracellular Regulatory Mechanisms: Regulation in multicellular forms may be an elaboration upon the pattern evolved in microorganisms". Science. 145 (3633): 674–679. doi:10.1126/science.145.3633.674. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17754663. S2CID 22768508.
  • Cortese, R.; Landsberg, R.; Vonder Haar, R. A.; Umbarger, H. E.; Ames, B. N. (1974). "Pleiotropy of hisT Mutants Blocked in Pseudouridine Synthesis in tRNA: Leucine and Isoleucine-Valine Operons". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 71 (5): 1857–1861. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71.1857C. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.5.1857. PMC 388341. PMID 4151955.
  • McCorkle, G. M.; Leathers, T. D.; Umbarger, H. E. (1978). "Physical organization of the ilvEDAC genes of Escherichia coli strain K-12". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 75 (1): 89–93. Bibcode:1978PNAS...75...89M. doi:10.1073/pnas.75.1.89. PMC 411189. PMID 343113.
  • Umbarger, H. E. (1978). "Amino Acid Biosynthesis and its Regulation". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 47: 533–606. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.47.070178.002533. PMID 354503.
  • Nargang, F. E.; Subrahmanyam, C. S.; Umbarger, H. E. (1980). "Nucleotide sequence of ilvGEDA operon attenuator region of Escherichia coli". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 77 (4): 1823–1827. Bibcode:1980PNAS...77.1823N. doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.1823. PMC 348600. PMID 6990415.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Neidhardt, Frederick C. (2014). "H. Edwin Umbarger 1921–1995" (PDF). Biographical Memoirs. National Academy of Science.
  2. ^ a b Kresge, Nicole; Simoni, Robert D.; Hill, Robert L. (December 30, 2005). "H. Edwin Umbarger's Contributions to the Discovery of Feedback Inhibition" (PDF). Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (52): e49–e50. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)47944-1.
  3. ^ "Harold Edwin Umbarger". Microtree (academictree.org).
  4. ^ "Harvard University. Report of the President of Harvard College and reports of departments". Archived from the original on 16 July 2012.
  5. ^ a b c "Obituary. H. Edwin Umbarger (availaber at roots web.com)". Mansfield News Journal. 17 November 1999.
  6. ^ Adelberg, Edward A.; Umbarger, H. Edwin (1953). "Isoleucine and valine metabolism in Escherichia coli. V. α-ketoisovaleric acid accumulation". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 205 (1): 475–482. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77271-8.
  7. ^ Dische, Z. (1941). "Sur l'interdépendance des divers enzymes du système glycolytique et sur la régulation automatique de leur activité dans les cellules". Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol. 23: 1140–1148.
  8. ^ Cornish-Bowden, A. (2021). "Zacharias Dische and the discovery of feedback inhibition: A landmark paper published in the forerunner of Biochimie". Biochimie. 182: 120–130. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.013. PMID 33285219. S2CID 227948364.
  9. ^ "Harold Edwin Umbarger". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.
  10. ^ "Book of Members 1780–present, Chapter U" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences (amacad.org).
  11. ^ "Past Winners – Rosenstiel Award – Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center – Brandeis University". brandeis.edu.
  12. ^ "Purdue trustees confirm four distinguished professors". Purdue News (purdue.edu). July 9, 1999.

March 11, 2023
harold, edwin, umbarger, july, 1921, shelby, ohio, november, 1999, carmel, indiana, american, bacteriologist, biochemist, contents, biography, awards, honors, selected, publications, referencesbiography, edith, edwin, umbarger, grew, mansfield, ohio, graduated. Harold Edwin Umbarger 17 July 1921 Shelby Ohio 15 November 1999 Carmel Indiana was an American bacteriologist and biochemist Contents 1 Biography 2 Awards and honors 3 Selected publications 4 ReferencesBiography EditH Edwin Umbarger grew up in Mansfield Ohio and graduated from Mansfield Senior High School in 1939 At Ohio University he graduated with a bachelor s degree in chemistry in 1943 and a master s degree in zoology in 1944 For two years from 1944 to 1946 he served in the U S Navy as a hospital corpsman 1 In 1945 he served aboard the USS Rescue 2 In 1950 he received a Ph D in bacteriology from Harvard University 1 His doctoral thesis supervised by J Howard Mueller 3 is entitled Studies on the Interactions Involved in the Biosynthetic Mechanisms of Isoleucine and Valine in Escherichia Coli 4 From 1950 to 1959 Umbarger did research at Harvard 1 From 1957 to 1960 he was an assistant professor of bacteriology and Immunology at Harvard Medical School 5 but he was untenured For the academic year 1959 1960 on leave of absence from Harvard he worked at several laboratories in England From 1960 to 1964 he held the appointment of Staff Investigator at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 5 At Purdue University he was appointed in 1964 a full professor and in 1970 Wright Distinguished Professor of Biological Sciences He held that professorship until his retirement 1 Umbarger was a leading expert on biosynthesis of amino acids in bacteria He is perhaps best known as the co discoverer with Edward A Adelberg in 1953 of feedback inhibition in the metabolism of valine and isoleucine 2 6 Feedback inhibition in biochemistry had been reported in an almost unknown paper a decade earlier by Zacharias Dische 7 8 H arold Edwin Umbarger had a major role in defining the pathways that living organisms employ to produce branched chain amino acids L leucine L isoleucine and L valine which are required in all proteins He also played a pivotal role in identifying the biochemical mechanisms that bacterial and yeast cells use to modulate the synthesis of these amino acids in order to match their utilization in protein synthesis 1 While he was still a student Umbarger married Merle Gladys Abele 1922 1993 They had three daughters In 1995 he married his second wife 5 Awards and honors Edit1963 Guggenheim Fellowship 9 1971 Elected a Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10 1975 Rosenstiel Award jointly with Arthur B Pardee for independent research 11 1976 Elected a Member of the National Academy of Sciences 1 1999 Establishment of H Edwin Umbarger Distinguished Professorship of Genetics at Purdue University The first holder of the professorship was Jeffrey Bennetzen 12 succeeded in 2012 by Stanton B Galvin Selected publications EditUmbarger H E 1956 Evidence for a Negative Feedback Mechanism in the Biosynthesis of Isoleucine Science 123 3202 848 Bibcode 1956Sci 123 848U doi 10 1126 science 123 3202 848 PMID 13324101 Umbarger H E Brown B 1957 Threonine deamination in Escherichia coli II Evidence for two L threonine deaminases Journal of Bacteriology 73 1 105 112 doi 10 1128 JB 73 1 105 112 1957 PMC 289754 PMID 13405870 Umbarger H E 1961 Feedback Control by Endproduct Inhibition Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 26 301 312 doi 10 1101 SQB 1961 026 01 036 PMID 13923752 Freundlich M Burns R O Umbarger H E 1962 Control of Isoleucine Valine and Leucine Biosynthesis I Multi Valent Repression Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 48 10 1804 1808 Bibcode 1962PNAS 48 1804F doi 10 1073 pnas 48 10 1804 PMC 221043 PMID 13959618 Umbarger H E 1964 Intracellular Regulatory Mechanisms Regulation in multicellular forms may be an elaboration upon the pattern evolved in microorganisms Science 145 3633 674 679 doi 10 1126 science 145 3633 674 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 17754663 S2CID 22768508 Cortese R Landsberg R Vonder Haar R A Umbarger H E Ames B N 1974 Pleiotropy of hisT Mutants Blocked in Pseudouridine Synthesis in tRNA Leucine and Isoleucine Valine Operons Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 71 5 1857 1861 Bibcode 1974PNAS 71 1857C doi 10 1073 pnas 71 5 1857 PMC 388341 PMID 4151955 McCorkle G M Leathers T D Umbarger H E 1978 Physical organization of the ilvEDAC genes of Escherichia coli strain K 12 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 75 1 89 93 Bibcode 1978PNAS 75 89M doi 10 1073 pnas 75 1 89 PMC 411189 PMID 343113 Umbarger H E 1978 Amino Acid Biosynthesis and its Regulation Annual Review of Biochemistry 47 533 606 doi 10 1146 annurev bi 47 070178 002533 PMID 354503 Nargang F E Subrahmanyam C S Umbarger H E 1980 Nucleotide sequence of ilvGEDA operon attenuator region of Escherichia coli Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 77 4 1823 1827 Bibcode 1980PNAS 77 1823N doi 10 1073 pnas 77 4 1823 PMC 348600 PMID 6990415 References Edit a b c d e f Neidhardt Frederick C 2014 H Edwin Umbarger 1921 1995 PDF Biographical Memoirs National Academy of Science a b Kresge Nicole Simoni Robert D Hill Robert L December 30 2005 H Edwin Umbarger s Contributions to the Discovery of Feedback Inhibition PDF Journal of Biological Chemistry 280 52 e49 e50 doi 10 1016 S0021 9258 19 47944 1 Harold Edwin Umbarger Microtree academictree org Harvard University Report of the President of Harvard College and reports of departments Archived from the original on 16 July 2012 a b c Obituary H Edwin Umbarger availaber at roots web com Mansfield News Journal 17 November 1999 Adelberg Edward A Umbarger H Edwin 1953 Isoleucine and valine metabolism in Escherichia coli V a ketoisovaleric acid accumulation Journal of Biological Chemistry 205 1 475 482 doi 10 1016 S0021 9258 19 77271 8 Dische Z 1941 Sur l interdependance des divers enzymes du systeme glycolytique et sur la regulation automatique de leur activite dans les cellules Bull Soc Chim Biol 23 1140 1148 Cornish Bowden A 2021 Zacharias Dische and the discovery of feedback inhibition A landmark paper published in the forerunner of Biochimie Biochimie 182 120 130 doi 10 1016 j biochi 2020 11 013 PMID 33285219 S2CID 227948364 Harold Edwin Umbarger John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Book of Members 1780 present Chapter U PDF American Academy of Arts and Sciences amacad org Past Winners Rosenstiel Award Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center Brandeis University brandeis edu Purdue trustees confirm four distinguished professors Purdue News purdue edu July 9 1999 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Harold Edwin Umbarger amp oldid 1140744994, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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