Stéphanie Hélène Swarth (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsteːfaːni ˈɦeːlɛːnə sʋɑrt]; 25 October 1859 – 20 June 1941) was a prolific Dutch poet active from 1879 to 1938. She is considered one of the Tachtigers and acquired a reputation as a sonneteer.[2]
Hélène Swarth
Portrait of Hélène Swarth (1919) by Rosa Spanjaard
Stephanie Hélène Swarth was born on 25 October 1859 in Amsterdam, Netherlands.[3] Her father was Eduard Swarth, a merchant and banker who for a while was the consul for Portugal in Amsterdam, and her mother was Maria Jacoba Heijblom.[citation needed]
In 1865, Swarth moved to Brussels, where she was tutored by a French governess.[3] In 1870–1872, she went to school in Amsterdam. Afterwards, she went to a convent school in Brussels.[3]
Swarth initially wrote French poetry, her debut was published in 1879.[3] She then switched to writing Dutch poetry,[3] her first book in that language published in 1883, which she continued doing most of her life.
Swarth lived in Mechelen from 1884 until 1894.[3] In 1894, she married Dutch author Frits Lapidoth and moved to The Hague.[3] She divorced Lapidoth in 1910.[4] Their unhappy marriage is the subject of a monograph by Jeroen Brouwers in 1986.[5]
Swarth's poetic debut was a collection of poems in French[3] influenced by Alphonse de Lamartine,[citation needed] but she switched to Dutch-language poems on the advice of Pol De Mont.[3] An early admirer was poet Willem Kloos who called her "the singing heart of Holland" and published her poems in his magazine De Nieuwe Gids.[3]
After two collections in French, Swarth published a Dutch volume of songs and sonnets, Eenzame bloemen ("Lonely flowers", 1883). A reviewer in De Gids thought the songs frequently too sentimental (and in the vein of Heinrich Heine), but appreciated the sonnets.[6]Conrad Busken Huet saw in her second Dutch collection, Blue Flowers ("Blue Flowers", 1884), a poetry receptive to nature and a female spirit which would make whichever man she chose as a lover very happy;[7] a reviewer for De Gids saw worthwhile thoughts and images in only a few of the sonnets.[8]Lodewijk van Deyssel likewise criticized the volume's songs and praised the sonnets—even to the point of prophesying that her name would be blessed.[9]
By the time Sneeuwvlokken ("Snow flakes", 1888) was published, she had gained a reputation for a poetry of love and suffering. By this time she had moved to Mechelen. A review in De Gids compared her work favorably to "sweet, homely poetry", which he likened to a sweet little tune on a fiddle, whereas Swarth's "deep, full poetry" was like hearing Beethoven played by a full orchestra. Again, especially her sonnets were praised.[10] An overview article in Vlaamsche School (1889) pointed at the influence of Pol de Mont, who had advised her to forgo reading narrative and epic, and instead focus on lyrical poetry, sonnets. The origin of the sadness in her poetry was located in a "loss of faith and bitter disappointments".[11]
At least one critic gave her entire oeuvre (including the anthologized "Jeux Innocents"[12]) an autobiographical reading: Swarth supposedly gave her heart to a young poet but he was unfaithful to her. According to Jacob Ek Jzn, this particular cause of sorrow speaks in all her work, without becoming a distraction or a bore since she found many different ways and forms of expressing both the initial sentiment and its recollection.[13] Swarth and her poetry figure in Ina Boudier-Bakker's best-known novel, De klop op de deur, as a female poet unafraid to express her suffering for love.[14]
A key line from "Jeux Innocents" was cited in 1954 by then-foreign minister Johan Willem Beyen during a discussion on European unification: "Wij speelden pandje met ons leven" ("we bargained with our lives") was used to emphasize that all countries, even small ones, had much at stake in the era of globalization.[15]
Bibliography
First edition cover of Diepe wateren (Deep Waters) from 1897
First edition cover of Octoberloover (October Leaves) from 1903
Fleurs du rêve (1879)
Les printanières (1882)
Eenzame bloemen (1883)
Blauwe bloemen (1884)
Beelden en stemmen (1887)
Sneeuwvlokken ("Snow flakes", 1888)
Rouwviolen (1889)
Passiebloemen (1891)
Nieuwe gedichten (1892)
Bloesem en vrucht (1893)
Verzen (1893)
Blanke duiven (1895)
Diepe wateren (1897)
Stille dalen (1899)
Najaarsstemmen (1900)
Premières poésies (1902)
Octoberloover (1903)
Nieuwe verzen (1906)
Avondwolken (1911)
A. de Musset, De nachten (1912)
M.M. de Lafayette, De prinses de Clèves (1915)
Eenzame paden (1916)
V. Hugo, Hernani (1918)
Keurbundel (1919)
Late liefde. Liederen en sonnetten (1919)
Octobre en fleur (1919)
Hans Bethge De Chineesche fluit (1921)
Dagen (1924)
Episoden (1924)
Morgenrood (1929)
Natuurpoëzie (1930)
Beeldjes uit vrouwenleven (1938)
Sorella (1942)
References
^ abcdK. ter Laan, "Hélène Swarth", Letterkundig woordenboek voor Noord en Zuid, 1952. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
^Braak, Menno ter (1938). "Helene Swarth". Vaderlandartikelen (in Dutch).
^ abcdefghijkH. A. Wage, "Swarth, Hélène", De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs, 1985. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
^"Stéphanie Hélène Swarth (1859-1941, schrijfster)". Biografisch woordenboek Gelderland: bekende en onbekende mannen en vrouwen uit de Gelderse geschiedenis. Verloren. 1998. pp. 98–101. ISBN9789065506245.
^Jeroen Brouwers, Hélène Swarth. Haar huwelijk met Frits Lapidoth, 1894-1910, 1986.
^Beaufort, Willem Hendrik de (1884). "Letterkundige kroniek". De Gids (in Dutch). 48: 562–70.
^Huet, Conrad Busken (1885). "Nieuwe Nederlandsche letteren". Litterarische Fantasien en Kritieken (in Dutch). Vol. 21. Haarlem: H.D. Tjeenk Willink. pp. 185–218.
^"Letterkundige kroniek". De Gids (in Dutch). 49: 191–96. 1885.
^Deyssel, Lodewijk van. "Hélène Swarth". Dietsche Warande (in Dutch). n.s. 5: 139–45.
^"Letterkundige kroniek". De Gids (in Dutch). 52: 517–21. 1988.
^Claerhout, Julien (1889). "Zesmaandelijksch overzicht". Het Belfort (in Dutch). 4: 118–19.
^Jacob Nicolaas van Hall, ed. (1898). Dichters van dezen tijd: gedichten (in Dutch). Van Kampen. pp. 52–53.
^Ek Jzn, Jacob (1898). "Van Hélène Swarth". In Foeke Buitenrust Hettema (ed.). Taal en letteren (in Dutch). Vol. 8. J. H. van den Bosch, Roeland Anthonie Kollewijn. W.E.J. Tjeenk Willink. pp. 433–56. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
^Boudier-Bakker, Ina (1931). De klop op de deur (in Dutch) (9 ed.). Amsterdam: Van Kampen. p. 357ff.
hélène, swarth, stéphanie, dutch, pronunciation, ˈsteːfaːni, ˈɦeːlɛːnə, sʋɑrt, october, 1859, june, 1941, prolific, dutch, poet, active, from, 1879, 1938, considered, tachtigers, acquired, reputation, sonneteer, portrait, 1919, rosa, spanjaardbornstéphanie, 18. Stephanie Helene Swarth Dutch pronunciation ˈsteːfaːni ˈɦeːlɛːne sʋɑrt 25 October 1859 20 June 1941 was a prolific Dutch poet active from 1879 to 1938 She is considered one of the Tachtigers and acquired a reputation as a sonneteer 2 Helene SwarthPortrait of Helene Swarth 1919 by Rosa SpanjaardBornStephanie Helene Swarth 1859 10 25 25 October 1859Amsterdam NetherlandsDied20 June 1941 1941 06 20 aged 81 Velp NetherlandsOccupationPoet translator 1 LanguageDutch French 1 Literary movementTachtigers 1 SpouseFrits Lapidoth m 1892 div 1900 wbr 1 Contents 1 Life 2 Poetry 3 Bibliography 4 References 5 External linksLife Edit Photo of Helene Swarth from 1879 Helene Swarth front center with Cyriel Buysse front left and Willem Kloos front right in 1929 Stephanie Helene Swarth was born on 25 October 1859 in Amsterdam Netherlands 3 Her father was Eduard Swarth a merchant and banker who for a while was the consul for Portugal in Amsterdam and her mother was Maria Jacoba Heijblom citation needed In 1865 Swarth moved to Brussels where she was tutored by a French governess 3 In 1870 1872 she went to school in Amsterdam Afterwards she went to a convent school in Brussels 3 Swarth initially wrote French poetry her debut was published in 1879 3 She then switched to writing Dutch poetry 3 her first book in that language published in 1883 which she continued doing most of her life Swarth lived in Mechelen from 1884 until 1894 3 In 1894 she married Dutch author Frits Lapidoth and moved to The Hague 3 She divorced Lapidoth in 1910 4 Their unhappy marriage is the subject of a monograph by Jeroen Brouwers in 1986 5 She died on 20 June 1941 in Velp Netherlands 3 Poetry Edit Manuscript of the poem Nacht Night from 1940 Swarth s poetic debut was a collection of poems in French 3 influenced by Alphonse de Lamartine citation needed but she switched to Dutch language poems on the advice of Pol De Mont 3 An early admirer was poet Willem Kloos who called her the singing heart of Holland and published her poems in his magazine De Nieuwe Gids 3 After two collections in French Swarth published a Dutch volume of songs and sonnets Eenzame bloemen Lonely flowers 1883 A reviewer in De Gids thought the songs frequently too sentimental and in the vein of Heinrich Heine but appreciated the sonnets 6 Conrad Busken Huet saw in her second Dutch collection Blue Flowers Blue Flowers 1884 a poetry receptive to nature and a female spirit which would make whichever man she chose as a lover very happy 7 a reviewer for De Gids saw worthwhile thoughts and images in only a few of the sonnets 8 Lodewijk van Deyssel likewise criticized the volume s songs and praised the sonnets even to the point of prophesying that her name would be blessed 9 By the time Sneeuwvlokken Snow flakes 1888 was published she had gained a reputation for a poetry of love and suffering By this time she had moved to Mechelen A review in De Gids compared her work favorably to sweet homely poetry which he likened to a sweet little tune on a fiddle whereas Swarth s deep full poetry was like hearing Beethoven played by a full orchestra Again especially her sonnets were praised 10 An overview article in Vlaamsche School 1889 pointed at the influence of Pol de Mont who had advised her to forgo reading narrative and epic and instead focus on lyrical poetry sonnets The origin of the sadness in her poetry was located in a loss of faith and bitter disappointments 11 At least one critic gave her entire oeuvre including the anthologized Jeux Innocents 12 an autobiographical reading Swarth supposedly gave her heart to a young poet but he was unfaithful to her According to Jacob Ek Jzn this particular cause of sorrow speaks in all her work without becoming a distraction or a bore since she found many different ways and forms of expressing both the initial sentiment and its recollection 13 Swarth and her poetry figure in Ina Boudier Bakker s best known novel De klop op de deur as a female poet unafraid to express her suffering for love 14 A key line from Jeux Innocents was cited in 1954 by then foreign minister Johan Willem Beyen during a discussion on European unification Wij speelden pandje met ons leven we bargained with our lives was used to emphasize that all countries even small ones had much at stake in the era of globalization 15 Bibliography Edit First edition cover of Diepe wateren Deep Waters from 1897 First edition cover of Octoberloover October Leaves from 1903 Fleurs du reve 1879 Les printanieres 1882 Eenzame bloemen 1883 Blauwe bloemen 1884 Beelden en stemmen 1887 Sneeuwvlokken Snow flakes 1888 Rouwviolen 1889 Passiebloemen 1891 Nieuwe gedichten 1892 Bloesem en vrucht 1893 Verzen 1893 Blanke duiven 1895 Diepe wateren 1897 Stille dalen 1899 Najaarsstemmen 1900 Premieres poesies 1902 Octoberloover 1903 Nieuwe verzen 1906 Avondwolken 1911 A de Musset De nachten 1912 M M de Lafayette De prinses de Cleves 1915 Eenzame paden 1916 V Hugo Hernani 1918 Keurbundel 1919 Late liefde Liederen en sonnetten 1919 Octobre en fleur 1919 Hans Bethge De Chineesche fluit 1921 Dagen 1924 Episoden 1924 Morgenrood 1929 Natuurpoezie 1930 Beeldjes uit vrouwenleven 1938 Sorella 1942 References Edit a b c d K ter Laan Helene Swarth Letterkundig woordenboek voor Noord en Zuid 1952 Retrieved 12 December 2021 Braak Menno ter 1938 Helene Swarth Vaderlandartikelen in Dutch a b c d e f g h i j k H A Wage Swarth Helene De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs 1985 Retrieved 12 December 2021 Stephanie Helene Swarth 1859 1941 schrijfster Biografisch woordenboek Gelderland bekende en onbekende mannen en vrouwen uit de Gelderse geschiedenis Verloren 1998 pp 98 101 ISBN 9789065506245 Jeroen Brouwers Helene Swarth Haar huwelijk met Frits Lapidoth 1894 1910 1986 Beaufort Willem Hendrik de 1884 Letterkundige kroniek De Gids in Dutch 48 562 70 Huet Conrad Busken 1885 Nieuwe Nederlandsche letteren Litterarische Fantasien en Kritieken in Dutch Vol 21 Haarlem H D Tjeenk Willink pp 185 218 Letterkundige kroniek De Gids in Dutch 49 191 96 1885 Deyssel Lodewijk van Helene Swarth Dietsche Warande in Dutch n s 5 139 45 Letterkundige kroniek De Gids in Dutch 52 517 21 1988 Claerhout Julien 1889 Zesmaandelijksch overzicht Het Belfort in Dutch 4 118 19 Jacob Nicolaas van Hall ed 1898 Dichters van dezen tijd gedichten in Dutch Van Kampen pp 52 53 Ek Jzn Jacob 1898 Van Helene Swarth In Foeke Buitenrust Hettema ed Taal en letteren in Dutch Vol 8 J H van den Bosch Roeland Anthonie Kollewijn W E J Tjeenk Willink pp 433 56 Retrieved 7 March 2014 Boudier Bakker Ina 1931 De klop op de deur in Dutch 9 ed Amsterdam Van Kampen p 357ff 40ste Vergadering 6 Mei 54 in Dutch Eerste Kamer der Staten Generaal 1954 Retrieved 7 March 2014 External links EditHelene Swarth at DBNL Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Helene Swarth amp oldid 1060737785, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
