"Insect queen" redirects here. For the comics characters, see Insect Queen.
The gyne (/ˈɡaɪn/, from Greek γυνή, "woman") is the primary reproductive female caste of social insects (especially ants, wasps, and bees of order Hymenoptera, as well as termites). Gynes are those destined to become queens, whereas female workers are typically barren and cannot become queens. Having a queen is what makes a "queenright" hive, nest, or colony of eusocial insects.[1][2] A colony with multiple queens is said to be a polygyne form, whereas one with only one is a monogyne form.
The ancient Greek origin of gyne meant a woman who had given birth to at least one child.[3]
In species lacking morphological castes (i.e., where "workers" may not be sterile), the term "gyne" is usually reserved for those females whose entire life is spent as a reproductive or potential reproductive, as opposed to those who start life as a worker and subsequently attain reproductive status (often called a "replacement queen" or a "laying worker"). These can be seen in certain species of stingless bee like the Plebeia remota where both gynes and workers are capable of reproducing.[4] In most species with annual colony cycles, only gynes can enter diapause and overwinter, while workers – both non-reproductive and reproductive – die off. In some groups, such as paper wasps, gynes join with other gynes at the time of nest founding, and may be relegated to subordinate reproductive roles, so being a gyne does not guarantee that a female will become a queen.
Examplesedit
The red imported fire ant is known to have colonies in both polygyne and monogyne forms.
The small red ant, Leptothorax acervorum, has colonies that switch from monogyny to polygyny as a result of seasonal fluctuations.[5]
The little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata produces unique kinds of meiotic oocytes with a drastic reduction in recombination. These oocytes may either fuse together for gyne production (automictic parthenogenesis with central fusion) or be fertilized by male gametes for the production of workers.[6]
In the wasp species Apoica flavissima queens display distinct morphological differences from the sterile worker class. In Ropalidia plebeiana, gynes do not stay in the nest after they emerge as adults, but may spend their winters in their maternal nests. [7]
^"Definition of QUEENRIGHT". Merriam-Webster. 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
^Helanterä, Heikki; Ratnieks, Francis L.W. (2019). "Worker Conflict and Worker Policing". Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior. Elsevier. pp. 743–753. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809633-8.20860-1. ISBN978-0-12-813252-4. S2CID 238555294. In queenright colonies (red symbols), selfishness is more common in high relatedness species.
^Benthem, F. D. J. van; Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L.; Velthuis, H. H. W. (1995-03-01). "Biology of the stingless beePlebeia remota (Holmberg): observations and evolutionary implications". Insectes Sociaux. 42 (1): 71–87. doi:10.1007/BF01245700. ISSN 0020-1812. S2CID 45830578.
^Jurgen Heinze (1994). "Colony structure and reproduction in the ant, Leptothorax acervorum". Behavioral Ecology. 6 (4): 359–367. doi:10.1093/beheco/6.4.359.
^Rey O, Loiseau A, Facon B, Foucaud J, Orivel J, Cornuet JM, Robert S, Dobigny G, Delabie JH, Mariano Cdos S, Estoup A (2011). "Meiotic recombination dramatically decreased in thelytokous queens of the little fire ant and their sexually produced workers" (PDF). Mol. Biol. Evol. 28 (9): 2591–601. doi:10.1093/molbev/msr082. PMID 21459760.
^Saito, Fuki (September 2005). "Colony cycle in the south-eastern coastal populations of Ropalidia plebeiana, the only Ropalidia wasp occurring in temperate Australia". Entomological Science. 8 (3): 263–275. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8298.2005.00125.x. S2CID 86359549.
gyne, insect, queen, redirects, here, comics, characters, insect, queen, gyne, from, greek, γυνή, woman, primary, reproductive, female, caste, social, insects, especially, ants, wasps, bees, order, hymenoptera, well, termites, those, destined, become, queens, . Insect queen redirects here For the comics characters see Insect Queen The gyne ˈ ɡ aɪ n from Greek gynh woman is the primary reproductive female caste of social insects especially ants wasps and bees of order Hymenoptera as well as termites Gynes are those destined to become queens whereas female workers are typically barren and cannot become queens Having a queen is what makes a queenright hive nest or colony of eusocial insects 1 2 A colony with multiple queens is said to be a polygyne form whereas one with only one is a monogyne form Queen marked and workers of the Africanised honey bee Apis mellifera scutellataThe ancient Greek origin of gyne meant a woman who had given birth to at least one child 3 In species lacking morphological castes i e where workers may not be sterile the term gyne is usually reserved for those females whose entire life is spent as a reproductive or potential reproductive as opposed to those who start life as a worker and subsequently attain reproductive status often called a replacement queen or a laying worker These can be seen in certain species of stingless bee like the Plebeia remota where both gynes and workers are capable of reproducing 4 In most species with annual colony cycles only gynes can enter diapause and overwinter while workers both non reproductive and reproductive die off In some groups such as paper wasps gynes join with other gynes at the time of nest founding and may be relegated to subordinate reproductive roles so being a gyne does not guarantee that a female will become a queen Examples editThe red imported fire ant is known to have colonies in both polygyne and monogyne forms The small red ant Leptothorax acervorum has colonies that switch from monogyny to polygyny as a result of seasonal fluctuations 5 The little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata produces unique kinds of meiotic oocytes with a drastic reduction in recombination These oocytes may either fuse together for gyne production automictic parthenogenesis with central fusion or be fertilized by male gametes for the production of workers 6 In the wasp species Apoica flavissima queens display distinct morphological differences from the sterile worker class In Ropalidia plebeiana gynes do not stay in the nest after they emerge as adults but may spend their winters in their maternal nests 7 See also editEusociality Queen ant Queen beeReferences edit Definition of QUEENRIGHT Merriam Webster 2021 01 20 Retrieved 2021 01 20 Helantera Heikki Ratnieks Francis L W 2019 Worker Conflict and Worker Policing Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior Elsevier pp 743 753 doi 10 1016 b978 0 12 809633 8 20860 1 ISBN 978 0 12 813252 4 S2CID 238555294 In queenright colonies red symbols selfishness is more common in high relatedness species Women in Classical Greece https www metmuseum org toah hd wmna hd wmna htm Benthem F D J van Imperatriz Fonseca V L Velthuis H H W 1995 03 01 Biology of the stingless beePlebeia remota Holmberg observations and evolutionary implications Insectes Sociaux 42 1 71 87 doi 10 1007 BF01245700 ISSN 0020 1812 S2CID 45830578 Jurgen Heinze 1994 Colony structure and reproduction in the ant Leptothorax acervorum Behavioral Ecology 6 4 359 367 doi 10 1093 beheco 6 4 359 Rey O Loiseau A Facon B Foucaud J Orivel J Cornuet JM Robert S Dobigny G Delabie JH Mariano Cdos S Estoup A 2011 Meiotic recombination dramatically decreased in thelytokous queens of the little fire ant and their sexually produced workers PDF Mol Biol Evol 28 9 2591 601 doi 10 1093 molbev msr082 PMID 21459760 Saito Fuki September 2005 Colony cycle in the south eastern coastal populations of Ropalidia plebeiana the only Ropalidia wasp occurring in temperate Australia Entomological Science 8 3 263 275 doi 10 1111 j 1479 8298 2005 00125 x S2CID 86359549 The Insect Societies E O Wilson 1971 Harvard University Press ISBN 0 674 45490 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gyne amp oldid 1216412746, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
