Gustavus Samuel Leopold was born at Stegeborg Castle near Söderköping in 1670 as the youngest son of Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg.[1] The siblings were reportedly badly treated by their parents, and in 1687, Gustav helped his sisters Catherine and Maria Elizabeth to escape from their parents to the protection of the Swedish royal court, which became a scandal in contemporary Sweden.[2]
He succeeded his brother Adolph John II as Count Palatine of Kleeburg in 1701, and his cousin Charles XII, King of Sweden, as Duke of Zweibrücken in 1718.[1] The king's death also made him one of the eligible candidates for the Swedish throne. From 1720 until 1725 he moved his residence to a palace, Zweibrücken Castle, built by Jonas Erikson Sundahl.
He competed for the Grand Mastery of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, whose obscure magisterial dynasty was going extinct in the late 17th century, and whose grand mastership had been transferred to Francesco Farnese, Duke of Parma in 1696. In the annals of that chivalric institution and of the Vatican, Gustav is referred as a Duke of Bavaria. Gustav failed in his aspirations, and the grand-mastership was confirmed in 1701 by the pope to be hereditary in the House of Farnese and its successors (the Dukes of Castro). The Farnese duke was later succeeded in the position by his nearest male kinsman, the future king Charles III of Spain.
Duke Gustav had the baroque Residenz of Zweibrücken constructed in the 1720s, the Swede Jonas Eriksson Sundahl being the builder.
In Swedish politics, Duke Gustav was the last male of the line of his paternal grandmother, Katarina Vasa. Upon the death of his cousin King Charles XII, Gustav of Stegeborg then became one of the eligible candidates for legitimate succession to the thrones of Sweden and of the grand duchy of Finland. He would have become king Gustav III, had he succeeded. However, no strong faction or party in Sweden took up his cause, and his succession rights are not much remembered by history. Instead, his cousin Ulrica Eleonora managed to become the Swedish queen regnant.
Duke Gustav died during the reign of Frederick I of Sweden. His Swedish rights were inherited either by his nephew Charles Adolf Gyllenstierna, count of Ericsberg, or his sister, Countess Palatine Marie Elisabeth of Kleeburg, or their cousin, Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.
Marriageedit
On 10 July 1707, Gustav married Countess Palatine Dorothea (1658 - 1723), daughter of Leopold Louis, Count Palatine of Veldenz. The marriage remained childless.
On 13 May 1723, he morganatically married Louise Dorothea von Hoffmann (30 March 1700 – 14 April 1745) at Zweibrücken, a daughter of Johan Heinrich von Hoffman by his wife, Anne Chocq. She converted to Catholicism in 1723 and was raised by the Holy Roman Emperor on 3 March 1724 to the title Countess von Hoffmann. They also had no children.
^ abcdMichel Huberty, Alain Giraud, F. and B. Magdelaine. L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome IV, Wittelsbach. (1985). ISBN2-901138-04-7 pp.73, 83–84,108–109, 144–145, 206-207
^Nanna Lundh-Eriksson (1947). Hedvig Eleonora. Stockholm: Wahlström & Widstrand. ISBN (in Swedish)
gustav, duke, zweibrücken, count, palatine, gustav, samuel, leopold, house, wittelsbach, april, 1670, stegeborg, castle, near, söderköping, sweden, september, 1731, zweibrücken, germany, count, palatine, kleeburg, from, 1701, until, 1731, duke, zweibrücken, fr. Count Palatine Gustav Samuel Leopold of the House of Wittelsbach 12 April 1670 Stegeborg Castle near Soderkoping Sweden 17 September 1731 Zweibrucken Germany was the Count Palatine of Kleeburg from 1701 until 1731 and the Duke of Zweibrucken from 1718 until 1731 His titles included 5th Duke of Stegeborg in Sweden citation needed Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke in Bavaria 1 Gustav Samuel LeopoldCount Palatine GustavCount Palatine of KleeburgReign1701 1731PredecessorAdolph John IISuccessorChristian III of BirkenfeldDuke of ZweibruckenReign1718 1731PredecessorCharles XII of SwedenSuccessorChristian III of BirkenfeldBorn 1670 04 12 12 April 1670Stegeborg Castle near Soderkoping SwedenDied17 September 1731 1731 09 17 aged 61 Zweibrucken GermanySpouseDorothea of Palatine VeldenzLouise Dorothea von HoffmannHouseHouse of WittelsbachFatherAdolph John I Count Palatine of KleeburgMotherElsa Elisabeth BraheReligionLutheranHe was the last male member of the Kleeburg line of the House of Wittelsbach to reign Contents 1 Life 2 Marriage 3 Ancestors 4 Sources 5 ReferencesLife editGustavus Samuel Leopold was born at Stegeborg Castle near Soderkoping in 1670 as the youngest son of Adolph John I Count Palatine of Kleeburg 1 The siblings were reportedly badly treated by their parents and in 1687 Gustav helped his sisters Catherine and Maria Elizabeth to escape from their parents to the protection of the Swedish royal court which became a scandal in contemporary Sweden 2 He succeeded his brother Adolph John II as Count Palatine of Kleeburg in 1701 and his cousin Charles XII King of Sweden as Duke of Zweibrucken in 1718 1 The king s death also made him one of the eligible candidates for the Swedish throne From 1720 until 1725 he moved his residence to a palace Zweibrucken Castle built by Jonas Erikson Sundahl Gustavus Samuel Leopold died in Zweibrucken in 1731 and was buried in the Alexanderkirche As the last male member of his branch of the House of Wittelsbach his territories were inherited by Christian III Count Palatine of Zweibrucken Birkenfeld He competed for the Grand Mastery of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George whose obscure magisterial dynasty was going extinct in the late 17th century and whose grand mastership had been transferred to Francesco Farnese Duke of Parma in 1696 In the annals of that chivalric institution and of the Vatican Gustav is referred as a Duke of Bavaria Gustav failed in his aspirations and the grand mastership was confirmed in 1701 by the pope to be hereditary in the House of Farnese and its successors the Dukes of Castro The Farnese duke was later succeeded in the position by his nearest male kinsman the future king Charles III of Spain Duke Gustav had the baroque Residenz of Zweibrucken constructed in the 1720s the Swede Jonas Eriksson Sundahl being the builder In Swedish politics Duke Gustav was the last male of the line of his paternal grandmother Katarina Vasa Upon the death of his cousin King Charles XII Gustav of Stegeborg then became one of the eligible candidates for legitimate succession to the thrones of Sweden and of the grand duchy of Finland He would have become king Gustav III had he succeeded However no strong faction or party in Sweden took up his cause and his succession rights are not much remembered by history Instead his cousin Ulrica Eleonora managed to become the Swedish queen regnant Duke Gustav died during the reign of Frederick I of Sweden His Swedish rights were inherited either by his nephew Charles Adolf Gyllenstierna count of Ericsberg or his sister Countess Palatine Marie Elisabeth of Kleeburg or their cousin Charles Frederick Duke of Holstein Gottorp Marriage editOn 10 July 1707 Gustav married Countess Palatine Dorothea 1658 1723 daughter of Leopold Louis Count Palatine of Veldenz The marriage remained childless On 13 May 1723 he morganatically married Louise Dorothea von Hoffmann 30 March 1700 14 April 1745 at Zweibrucken a daughter of Johan Heinrich von Hoffman by his wife Anne Chocq She converted to Catholicism in 1723 and was raised by the Holy Roman Emperor on 3 March 1724 to the title Countess von Hoffmann They also had no children Ancestors editSource 1 Ancestors of Gustav Duke of Zweibrucken8 John I Count Palatine of Zweibrucken4 John Casimir Count Palatine of Kleeburg9 Magdalene of Julich Cleves Berg2 Adolph John I Count Palatine of Kleeburg10 Charles IX of Sweden5 Catherine of Sweden11 Maria of the Palatinate Simmern1 Gustav Duke of Zweibrucken12 Abraham Pedersson Brahe6 Count Nils Abrahamsson Brahe af Visingsborg13 Baroness Elsa Nilsdotter Gyllenstierna3 Countess Else Elisabeth Brahe af Visingsborg14 Baron Svante Turesson Bielke7 Baroness Anna Margareta Bielke15 Grevinna Elisabet LewenhauptSources editArthur Kleinschmidt 1879 Gustav Samuel Leopold Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie in German vol 10 Leipzig Duncker amp Humblot pp 188 189 Herman Hofberg et al eds 1906 in Swedish Gustaf Samuel Leopold hertig till Pfalz Zweibrucken Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon I 416 Alessandro Cont La Chiesa dei principi Le relazioni traReichskirche dinastie sovrane tedesche e stati italiani 1688 1763 preface of Elisabeth Garms Cornides Trento Provincia autonoma di Trento 2018 pp 144 145 https www academia edu 38170694 La Chiesa dei principi Le relazioni tra Reichskirche dinastie sovrane tedesche e stati italiani 1688 1763 prefazione di Elisabeth Garms Cornides Trento Provincia autonoma di Trento 2018References edit a b c d Michel Huberty Alain Giraud F and B Magdelaine L Allemagne Dynastique Tome IV Wittelsbach 1985 ISBN 2 901138 04 7 pp 73 83 84 108 109 144 145 206 207 Nanna Lundh Eriksson 1947 Hedvig Eleonora Stockholm Wahlstrom amp Widstrand ISBN in Swedish Gustav Duke of ZweibruckenHouse of WittelsbachBorn 12 April 1670 Died 17 September 1731Preceded byAdolph John II Count Palatine of Kleeburg1701 1731 Succeeded byChristian III of Zweibrucken BirkenfeldPreceded byCharles XII of Sweden Duke of Zweibrucken1718 1731 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