The Gunderup Runestone, or DR 143, is located in Gunderup, North Jutland County, Jutland, Denmark. It is notable because it is one of few runestones raised in commemoration of a woman.
The Gunderup Runestone was first documented in 1629 as being located on a hill,[1] but was later used for construction materials. The stone is granite and has a height of 2.46 meters. The inscription consists of two sections of runic text and is classified as being carved in runestone style RAK. This is the classification for inscriptions where the ends of the runic bands are straight and do not have any beast or serpent heads attached. The inscription is dated as being carved in 900-960.[1]
The runic text states that it was raised by Tóki in memory of his step-father who was either named Api or Ebbi and of his mother Tófa. It is one of only two runestones in Denmark that memorialize both parents, the second being the now-lost DR 201 from Allerup.[2] That stepsons did not usually inherit under local law is indicated by the text, which goes on to indicate that Api/Ebbi made Tóki his heir through some process.[3] The text also describes the father as being þægn goþan or "a good thegn," a phrase that is also used on two Swedish runestones, Vg 8 from Hjälstads and, in its plural form, on Sö 34 from Tjuvstigen. A thegn was a class of retainer, and about fifty memorial runestones in Denmark and Sweden mention that the deceased was a thegn.[citation needed]
The runestone, which is known locally as the Gunderup-sten 1, is currently stored at the church in Gunderup.[citation needed]
Inscriptionedit
Transliteration of the runes into Latin charactersedit
A : tuki : raisþi : stini : þoisi : auk : karþi : kub(l) (:) ¶ : þausi : aft aba : mak : sin : þaikn : kuþan : auk :
B : tufu : muþur : sino : þau : lika : baþi : i : þaum : hauki : ¶ abi : uni : tuka : fiaʀ : sins : aft : sik :[4]
Transcription into Old Norseedit
A Toki resþi stena þæssi ok gærþi kumbl þøsi æft Apa/Æbba, mag sin, þægn goþan, ok
B Tofu, moþur sina. Þø liggia bæþi i þem høgi. Api/Æbbi unni Toka feaʀ sins æft sik.[4]
Translation in Englishedit
A Tóki raised these stones and made this monument in memory of Api/Ebbi, his kinsman-by-marriage, a good thane, and
B Tófa, his mother. Both of them lie in this mound. Api/Ebbi granted Tóki his wealth after himself.[4]
^ ab"Gunderup-sten 1". Danske Runeindskrifter. Nationalmuseet. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
^Sawyer, Birgit; Sawyer, Peter (2003). "A Gormless History? The Jelling Dynasty Revisited". In Heizmann, Wilhelm; van Nahl, Astrid (eds.). Runica Germanica Mediaevalia. Walter de Gruyter. p. 692. ISBN3-11-017778-1.
^Sawyer, Birgit (2004). The Viking-Age Rune-Stones: Custom and Commemoration in Early Medieval Scandinavia. Oxford University Press. pp. 51–52. ISBN0-19-820643-7.
^ abcProject Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk - Rundata entry for DR 143.
Other sourcesedit
A site on Danish runic inscriptions from the Viking Age.
gunderup, runestone, located, gunderup, north, jutland, county, jutland, denmark, notable, because, runestones, raised, commemoration, woman, contents, description, inscription, transliteration, runes, into, latin, characters, transcription, into, norse, trans. The Gunderup Runestone or DR 143 is located in Gunderup North Jutland County Jutland Denmark It is notable because it is one of few runestones raised in commemoration of a woman The Gunderup Runestone Contents 1 Description 2 Inscription 2 1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 2 2 Transcription into Old Norse 2 3 Translation in English 3 See also 4 References 5 Other sourcesDescription editThe Gunderup Runestone was first documented in 1629 as being located on a hill 1 but was later used for construction materials The stone is granite and has a height of 2 46 meters The inscription consists of two sections of runic text and is classified as being carved in runestone style RAK This is the classification for inscriptions where the ends of the runic bands are straight and do not have any beast or serpent heads attached The inscription is dated as being carved in 900 960 1 The runic text states that it was raised by Toki in memory of his step father who was either named Api or Ebbi and of his mother Tofa It is one of only two runestones in Denmark that memorialize both parents the second being the now lost DR 201 from Allerup 2 That stepsons did not usually inherit under local law is indicated by the text which goes on to indicate that Api Ebbi made Toki his heir through some process 3 The text also describes the father as being thaegn gothan or a good thegn a phrase that is also used on two Swedish runestones Vg 8 from Hjalstads and in its plural form on So 34 from Tjuvstigen A thegn was a class of retainer and about fifty memorial runestones in Denmark and Sweden mention that the deceased was a thegn citation needed The runestone which is known locally as the Gunderup sten 1 is currently stored at the church in Gunderup citation needed Inscription editTransliteration of the runes into Latin characters edit A tuki raisthi stini thoisi auk karthi kub l thausi aft aba mak sin thaikn kuthan auk B tufu muthur sino thau lika bathi i thaum hauki abi uni tuka fiaʀ sins aft sik 4 Transcription into Old Norse edit A Toki resthi stena thaessi ok gaerthi kumbl thosi aeft Apa AEbba mag sin thaegn gothan ok B Tofu mothur sina THo liggia baethi i them hogi Api AEbbi unni Toka feaʀ sins aeft sik 4 Translation in English edit A Toki raised these stones and made this monument in memory of Api Ebbi his kinsman by marriage a good thane and B Tofa his mother Both of them lie in this mound Api Ebbi granted Toki his wealth after himself 4 See also editList of runestonesReferences edit a b Gunderup sten 1 Danske Runeindskrifter Nationalmuseet Retrieved 15 August 2010 Sawyer Birgit Sawyer Peter 2003 A Gormless History The Jelling Dynasty Revisited In Heizmann Wilhelm van Nahl Astrid eds Runica Germanica Mediaevalia Walter de Gruyter p 692 ISBN 3 11 017778 1 Sawyer Birgit 2004 The Viking Age Rune Stones Custom and Commemoration in Early Medieval Scandinavia Oxford University Press pp 51 52 ISBN 0 19 820643 7 a b c Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk Rundata entry for DR 143 Other sources editA site on Viking women A site on Danish runic inscriptions from the Viking Age 56 56 29 N 10 00 54 E 56 9415 N 10 0151 E 56 9415 10 0151 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gunderup Runestone amp oldid 1189485892, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
