This article is about the traditional metalworking tool. For industrial grinding wheels, see Grinding wheel. For grindstones used to process foods, see millstone. For the 2019 video game, see Grindstone (video game). For the neighbourhood in Queensland, Australia, see Grindstone, Queensland.
A grindstone, also known as grinding stone, is a sharpening stone used for grinding or sharpening ferrous tools, used since ancient times. Tools are sharpened by the stone's abrasive qualities that remove material from the tool through friction in order to create a fine edge. Similar to sandpaper, each stone has a different grit that will result in sharper or duller tools. In Australia, Aboriginal peoples created grinding grooves by repeated shaping of stone axes against outcrops of sandstone.
The Knife-grinder by Goya shows a man using a portable grindstone.
Grindstones have been used since ancient times, to sharpen tools made of metal. They are usually made from sandstone.[1][2]
Grinding groovesedit
Aboriginal grinding grooves in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia
Aboriginal grinding grooves, or axe-grinding grooves, have been found across the Australian continent.[3] The working edge of the hatchet or axe was sharpened by rubbing it against an abrasive stone, eventually leading to the creation of a shallow oval-shaped groove over time,[4] The grooves vary in length from 80 mm (3.1 in) up to 500 mm (20 in), and can be up to 200 mm (7.9 in) wide and 100 mm (3.9 in) deep. They are often found near water, which was sprinkled on the stone during grinding to reduce dust.[3]
Machinesedit
Large waterwheel powered grindstone. The user would lie on the plank above the grindstone while grinding metal items, giving rise to the phrase nose to the grindstone.[5]
Grindstone machines work by spinning a circular piece of stone around its center point. These machines usually have pedals for speeding up and slowing down the stone to control the sharpening process. The earliest known representation of a rotary grindstone,[6] operated by a crank handle, is found in the Carolingian manuscript known as the Utrecht Psalter. This pen drawing from about 830 goes back to a late antique original.[7] The Luttrell Psalter, dating to around 1340, describes a grindstone rotated by two cranks, one at each end of its axle.[8] Around 1480, the early medieval rotary grindstone was improved with a treadle and crank mechanism.[9]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grinding stones.
Hägermann, Dieter; Schneider, Helmuth (1997), Propyläen Technikgeschichte. Landbau und Handwerk, 750 v. Chr. bis 1000 n. Chr. (2nd ed.), Berlin, ISBN3-549-05632-X{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
White, Lynn Jr. (1962), Medieval Technology and Social Change, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press
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grindstone, this, article, about, traditional, metalworking, tool, industrial, grinding, wheels, grinding, wheel, grindstones, used, process, foods, millstone, 2019, video, game, video, game, neighbourhood, queensland, australia, queensland, grindstone, also, . This article is about the traditional metalworking tool For industrial grinding wheels see Grinding wheel For grindstones used to process foods see millstone For the 2019 video game see Grindstone video game For the neighbourhood in Queensland Australia see Grindstone Queensland A grindstone also known as grinding stone is a sharpening stone used for grinding or sharpening ferrous tools used since ancient times Tools are sharpened by the stone s abrasive qualities that remove material from the tool through friction in order to create a fine edge Similar to sandpaper each stone has a different grit that will result in sharper or duller tools In Australia Aboriginal peoples created grinding grooves by repeated shaping of stone axes against outcrops of sandstone The Knife grinder by Goya shows a man using a portable grindstone Contents 1 History and description 1 1 Grinding grooves 1 2 Machines 2 See also 3 References 4 SourcesHistory and description editGrindstones have been used since ancient times to sharpen tools made of metal They are usually made from sandstone 1 2 Grinding grooves edit nbsp Aboriginal grinding grooves in the Blue Mountains New South Wales AustraliaAboriginal grinding grooves or axe grinding grooves have been found across the Australian continent 3 The working edge of the hatchet or axe was sharpened by rubbing it against an abrasive stone eventually leading to the creation of a shallow oval shaped groove over time 4 The grooves vary in length from 80 mm 3 1 in up to 500 mm 20 in and can be up to 200 mm 7 9 in wide and 100 mm 3 9 in deep They are often found near water which was sprinkled on the stone during grinding to reduce dust 3 Machines edit nbsp Large waterwheel powered grindstone The user would lie on the plank above the grindstone while grinding metal items giving rise to the phrase nose to the grindstone 5 Grindstone machines work by spinning a circular piece of stone around its center point These machines usually have pedals for speeding up and slowing down the stone to control the sharpening process The earliest known representation of a rotary grindstone 6 operated by a crank handle is found in the Carolingian manuscript known as the Utrecht Psalter This pen drawing from about 830 goes back to a late antique original 7 The Luttrell Psalter dating to around 1340 describes a grindstone rotated by two cranks one at each end of its axle 8 Around 1480 the early medieval rotary grindstone was improved with a treadle and crank mechanism 9 See also editLathe Millstone Punch tool Grindstone City Historic DistrictReferences edit Grindstones archived from the original on 2006 01 17 retrieved 2010 02 10 Knight Edward Henry 1876 Knight s American mechanical dictionary Houghton Mifflin pp 1022 1023 a b Fact sheet Aboriginal axe grinding grooves First Peoples State Relations Victorian Government Retrieved 21 October 2021 ACT Heritage Council June 2015 Background information Molonglo Valley Grinding Grooves PDF Retrieved 21 October 2021 The meaning and origin of the expression Keep your nose to the grindstone at The Phase Finder White 1962 p 110 Hagermann amp Schneider 1997 pp 425f White 1962 p 111 White 1962 p 167Sources edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grinding stones Hagermann Dieter Schneider Helmuth 1997 Propylaen Technikgeschichte Landbau und Handwerk 750 v Chr bis 1000 n Chr 2nd ed Berlin ISBN 3 549 05632 X a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint location missing publisher link White Lynn Jr 1962 Medieval Technology and Social Change Oxford At the Clarendon Press nbsp This tool article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte nbsp This metalworking article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Grindstone amp oldid 1174726828, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
