Gregory Evgenievich (Ezekielevich) Pikus (May 7, 1923 – April 12, 1998) was a prominent Soviet theoretical physicist whose contributions strongly influenced developing physics of semiconductors. Among his most fundamental contributions are development of the method of invariants in band theory of solids, the Bir-Aronov-Pikus mechanism of spin relaxation of electrons, prediction of the circular photogalvanic effect, and theory of weak localization in noncentrosymmetric structures. His three monographs [1][2][3] reflect the focus points of the theory of semiconductors during the second half of 20th century from transistors to band theory to properties to artificial nanostructures.
Pikus was born in Moscow but afterwards the family moved to Minsk (currently Belorussia) where he graduated from high school. After the graduation, he became a student in the physical-engineering department of Leningrad (currently St. Petersburg) Polytechnic University in the fall of 1940. Two events overshadowed young years of his life. During the Great Terror of the late 1930s Pikus lost his family, and after the Nazi invasion of USSR in the summer 1941 Pikus volunteered to the Army which resulted in long break in his education. He fought from Leningrad to Austria and received high military honors for his service. In 1947 Pikus resumed his education in Leningrad Polytechnic University. After the graduation in 1951 he was directed for work at an electronic factory in Novosibirsk. During the Thaw that followed Stalin's death, Abram Ioffe established in Leningrad the Institute for Semiconductors and Andrey I. Anselm, a head of the Theoretical Department of the institute, managed to bring his former student Pikus back to Leningrad. This allowed Pikus to start his research that lasted for four decades. He worked in the Institute for Semiconductors, and after its merging with the A. F. Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, in the Ioffe Institute to the rest of his life.
Pikus contributed to various areas of physics of semiconductors from optical spectroscopy to charge and spin transport. Distinguishing features of his style were symmetry approach to theoretical problems and close connection to experimental work. Pikis's deep feeling of the role of symmetry developed during his work with Bir on the effect of anisotropic deformations on energy spectrum and physical propertied of semiconductors, a controversial subject at that time. In the future, this approach guided prediction of the photogalvanic effect, developing of a nondissipative electric current in homogeneous gyrotropic crystals under illumination of them by circularly polarized light. It was first discovered in bulk Te, crystal with a tricky band structure, and became more recently a powerful tool in physics of nanostructures. Active experimental research on optical orientation in semiconductors performed in the Ioffe Institute attracted Pikus's attention and resulted in the Bir-Aronov-Pikus mechanism of spin relaxation and prediction of optical alignment of excitons. In the late period of his life, Pikus concentrated on developing a consistent theory of the weak localization corrections to magnetoconductivity of spin-orbit coupled media.
Around Pikus grew a new generation of young theorists including such prominent researchers as Gennady Bir, Arkady Aronov, and Eugene Ivchenko.
Pikus was awarded the Ioffe Prize of the Academy of Sciences (1987), USSR State Prize (1988), and the Hanle Prize of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (1993). A. F. Ioffe Institute held in 2013 an all-Russia Seminar in commemoration of Pikus's 90th birthday.
V. M. Asnin, A. A. Bakun, A. M. Danishevskii, E. L. Ivchenko, G. E. Pikus, and A. A. Rogachev, Circular photogalvanic effect in optically active crystals, Solid State Communications 30, 565 (1979).
V.I. Belincher and B.I. Sturman, The photogalvanic effect in media lacking a center of symmetry, Sov. Phys. Usp. 23, 199 (1980)
E. L. Ivchenko, Yu. B. Lyanda-Geller, and G. E. Pikus, Magneto-photogalvanic effects in noncentrosymmetric crystals, Ferroelectrics 83, 19 (1988).
G. Pikus and A. Titkov, in: Optical Orientation, ed. by F. Mayer and B. Zakharchenya (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1984).
F. G. Baksht, G. A. Dyuzhev, A. M. Martsinovskiy, B. Ya. Moyzhes, G. E. Pikus, E. B. Sonin, and V. G. Yur’yev, Thermionic converters and low-temperature plasma, US Department of Energy (1978).
January 14, 2023
gregory, pikus, gregory, evgenievich, ezekielevich, pikus, 1923, april, 1998, prominent, soviet, theoretical, physicist, whose, contributions, strongly, influenced, developing, physics, semiconductors, among, most, fundamental, contributions, development, meth. Gregory Evgenievich Ezekielevich Pikus May 7 1923 April 12 1998 was a prominent Soviet theoretical physicist whose contributions strongly influenced developing physics of semiconductors Among his most fundamental contributions are development of the method of invariants in band theory of solids the Bir Aronov Pikus mechanism of spin relaxation of electrons prediction of the circular photogalvanic effect and theory of weak localization in noncentrosymmetric structures His three monographs 1 2 3 reflect the focus points of the theory of semiconductors during the second half of 20th century from transistors to band theory to properties to artificial nanostructures Contents 1 Life and carrier 2 See also 3 References 4 External links 5 Further readingLife and carrier EditPikus was born in Moscow but afterwards the family moved to Minsk currently Belorussia where he graduated from high school After the graduation he became a student in the physical engineering department of Leningrad currently St Petersburg Polytechnic University in the fall of 1940 Two events overshadowed young years of his life During the Great Terror of the late 1930s Pikus lost his family and after the Nazi invasion of USSR in the summer 1941 Pikus volunteered to the Army which resulted in long break in his education He fought from Leningrad to Austria and received high military honors for his service In 1947 Pikus resumed his education in Leningrad Polytechnic University After the graduation in 1951 he was directed for work at an electronic factory in Novosibirsk During the Thaw that followed Stalin s death Abram Ioffe established in Leningrad the Institute for Semiconductors and Andrey I Anselm a head of the Theoretical Department of the institute managed to bring his former student Pikus back to Leningrad This allowed Pikus to start his research that lasted for four decades He worked in the Institute for Semiconductors and after its merging with the A F Ioffe Physical Technical Institute in the Ioffe Institute to the rest of his life Pikus contributed to various areas of physics of semiconductors from optical spectroscopy to charge and spin transport Distinguishing features of his style were symmetry approach to theoretical problems and close connection to experimental work Pikis s deep feeling of the role of symmetry developed during his work with Bir on the effect of anisotropic deformations on energy spectrum and physical propertied of semiconductors a controversial subject at that time In the future this approach guided prediction of the photogalvanic effect developing of a nondissipative electric current in homogeneous gyrotropic crystals under illumination of them by circularly polarized light It was first discovered in bulk Te crystal with a tricky band structure and became more recently a powerful tool in physics of nanostructures Active experimental research on optical orientation in semiconductors performed in the Ioffe Institute attracted Pikus s attention and resulted in the Bir Aronov Pikus mechanism of spin relaxation and prediction of optical alignment of excitons In the late period of his life Pikus concentrated on developing a consistent theory of the weak localization corrections to magnetoconductivity of spin orbit coupled media Around Pikus grew a new generation of young theorists including such prominent researchers as Gennady Bir Arkady Aronov and Eugene Ivchenko Pikus was awarded the Ioffe Prize of the Academy of Sciences 1987 USSR State Prize 1988 and the Hanle Prize of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation 1993 A F Ioffe Institute held in 2013 an all Russia Seminar in commemoration of Pikus s 90th birthday See also EditAnomalous photovoltaic effect Arkady Aronov Exciton Spin orbit couplingReferences Edit G E Pikus Basics of the Theory of Semiconductor Devices 1965 in Russian G L Bir and G E Pikus Symmetry and Strain Induced Effects in Semiconductors Wiley NY 1974 E L Ivchenko and G E Pikus Superlattices and other heterostructures symmetry and optical phenomena Springer 2012 2nd edition External links EditKohn W Efros A Rashba E Ivchenko E 1999 Grigory Ezekielevich Pikus Physics Today 52 5 91 93 doi 10 1063 1 882676 Symmetry and Physics Preservation through Development A seminar held in memory of 90th birthday of G E Pikus http www ioffe ru symmetry Pikus2013 Symmetry and Physics htmlFurther reading EditG L Bir A G Aronov and G E Pikus Spin relaxation of electrons scattered by holes Soviet Physics JETP 42 705 1975 http www jetp ac ru cgi bin dn e 042 04 0705 pdf E L Ivchenko and G Pikus New photogalvanic effect in gyrotropic crystals JETP Lett 27 604 1978 http www jetpletters ac ru ps 1554 article 23792 pdf V M Asnin A A Bakun A M Danishevskii E L Ivchenko G E Pikus and A A Rogachev Circular photogalvanic effect in optically active crystals Solid State Communications 30 565 1979 V I Belincher and B I Sturman The photogalvanic effect in media lacking a center of symmetry Sov Phys Usp 23 199 1980 E L Ivchenko Yu B Lyanda Geller and G E Pikus Magneto photogalvanic effects in noncentrosymmetric crystals Ferroelectrics 83 19 1988 S V Iordanskii Yu B Lyanda Geller and G E Pikus Weak localization in quantum wells with spin orbit interaction JETP Lett 60 206 1994 http www jetpletters ac ru ps 1323 article 20010 pdf G Pikus and A Titkov in Optical Orientation ed by F Mayer and B Zakharchenya North Holland Amsterdam 1984 F G Baksht G A Dyuzhev A M Martsinovskiy B Ya Moyzhes G E Pikus E B Sonin and V G Yur yev Thermionic converters and low temperature plasma US Department of Energy 1978 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gregory Pikus amp oldid 1031209308, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
