Greenlaw
Greenlaw is a town and civil parish situated in the foothills of the Lammermuir Hills on Blackadder Water at the junction of the A697 and the A6105 in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. At the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 661.[2]
| Greenlaw | |
|---|---|
Greenlaw Location within the Scottish Borders | |
| Population | 600 (mid-2020 est.)[1] |
| OS grid reference | NT710460 |
| Civil parish |
|
| Council area | |
| Lieutenancy area | |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | DUNS |
| Postcode district | TD10 |
| Dialling code | 01361 |
| Police | Scotland |
| Fire | Scottish |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
| UK Parliament | |
| Scottish Parliament | |
| 55°42′23″N 2°27′47″W / 55.7065°N 2.463°W | |
History edit
Greenlaw was first made the county town of Berwickshire in 1596.[3] At that time, Greenlaw was situated about 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the present village, atop a hill - the 'Green Law'. This area is now known as Old Greenlaw.[4]
In 1661, county town status was lost to Duns by an Act of Parliament.[5] When Patrick, Earl of Marchmont attained the barony of Greenlaw in the 1670s, he made it his business to restore what he saw as the rights and privileges that came with the barony. In 1696 he succeeded: an Act of Parliament was passed, laying down in statute that the town of Greenlaw should be the Head Burgh of Berwickshire.[6]
However, attempts were made in 1739, 1790 and 1810 to take the rights and privileges from Greenlaw and make Duns the county town once more. Though unsuccessful in their primary aim, the grounds were laid for an 1853 Act authorising Sheriff and Commissary Courts to be held at Duns.[7] Another courthouse, known as County Buildings, was subsequently built at 8 Newtown Street in Duns in 1856.[8][9] When Berwickshire County Council was created it held its first meeting on 22 May 1890 at County Hall in Greenlaw, when it decided by 18 votes to 12 that all subsequent meetings should be held at Duns.[10] Greenlaw was still considered the official county town after 1890, despite the county council meeting in Duns and courts being held at both towns. An Act of Parliament in 1903 finally revoked Greenlaw's status as county town and declared Duns to be the county town for all purposes.[11][12]
There is also a fine church, built in 1675, on earlier foundations. The corbie step gables preserve a feature of the architecture of that period. The church was expanded during the eighteenth century and completed in its present form around 1855.[13]
After Greenlaw became a county town in 1696, the church tower was planned as a tolbooth or prison and was completed by 1712. Its style was adapted to present the appearance of a Church Tower. It is unique in structure – square rising to a height of 60 ft (18 m) and ending in a corballed parapet from which an 18 ft (5.5 m) steeple rises. The old iron gate or yett is the original one of 1712. A Court House also completed in 1712 stood on the west side of the tower, therefore by 1712 there stood by the side of the Church, a Tolbooth and Court House, hence the rhyme:
"Here stands the Gospel and the Law, Wi' Hell's Hole atween the twa"[14]
A new jail was built in the town in 1824. This was used throughout the Victorian period but was taken out of use in the 20th century and demolished in the 1960s.[15]
Greenlaw Town Hall, completed in 1831, is a listed building from its county town era and was one of the buildings shortlisted in the 2006 BBC television series Restoration Village.[16]
Greenlaw Golf Club (now defunct) first appeared in the mid-1920s. The club disappeared some time in the 1950s.[17]
Facilities edit
Shops include the Blackadder Mini-market, Romanes pharmacy, Waldie's butchers and the Village Store. The Post Office closed in 2010 and Greenlaw is now served by a mobile post office. There was a branch of the Royal Bank of Scotland, but this closed in 2014.[18]
Since 1992 the village has been home to 'STOPS', the Scottish Theatre Organ Preservation Society,[19] which Charitable Trust created its base in a custom converted building now known as the New Palace Theatre Organ Heritage Centre,[20] in the 75 seat multi-purpose auditorium of which is housed the world famous Hilsdon organ from the Edinburgh Playhouse as well as the Hilsdon organs of the Palace Picture House, Edinburgh and the Picture House, Paisley. The Centre draws visitors to Greenlaw from all over the world and the resident organist of the Centre, Larry McGuire, was one of the two people ultimately responsible for saving the Edinburgh Playhouse from demolition in 1975.[21]
An amateur Weather Centre was established at the Centre in 2006, the data from which was launched as bordersweather.co.uk, which website was initially conceived to give travellers to the Centre an idea of what weather to expect during their visit. The website has grown and is now a respected member of a nationwide chain of independent weather stations and its webcam is viewed by thousands daily during periods of snow.[22]
The web designer of the site also established the Interactive Independent Climate Change Project which records data from a number of amateur Weather Stations around the UK, some of whom have data going back for over 25 years.[23]
Greenlaw Castle was a manor house located to the east of the town. It was owned by a branch of the Home family, including the surgeon Robert Boyne Home (1713–1786), father of Sir Everard Home and Anne Hunter. It ceased to be used as a laird's house in 1729, and was demolished around 1820.[24]
Geography edit
Places nearby include Eccles, Legerwood, Gordon, Westruther, Polwarth, Fogo, Leitholm and Duns.
Climate edit
Greenlaw has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb). There is a Met Office weather station located at RAF Charterhall, 3 miles (5 km) to the east.
| Climate data for Charterhall (112 m or 367 ft asl, averages 1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.2 (43.2) | 6.9 (44.4) | 9.0 (48.2) | 11.7 (53.1) | 14.5 (58.1) | 17.2 (63.0) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.5 (67.1) | 16.9 (62.4) | 12.8 (55.0) | 9.0 (48.2) | 6.4 (43.5) | 12.5 (54.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) | 1.1 (34.0) | 2.1 (35.8) | 3.7 (38.7) | 5.9 (42.6) | 8.7 (47.7) | 10.4 (50.7) | 10.3 (50.5) | 8.7 (47.7) | 6.1 (43.0) | 3.0 (37.4) | 0.9 (33.6) | 5.1 (41.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 57.5 (2.26) | 50.0 (1.97) | 49.2 (1.94) | 48.2 (1.90) | 48.7 (1.92) | 65.1 (2.56) | 70.0 (2.76) | 71.8 (2.83) | 60.0 (2.36) | 80.3 (3.16) | 76.4 (3.01) | 69.3 (2.73) | 746.5 (29.4) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 13.2 | 10.9 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 10.4 | 10.8 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 10.5 | 12.6 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 138.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 58.8 | 80.2 | 124.3 | 167.0 | 188.0 | 193.0 | 177.0 | 169.1 | 139.8 | 99.8 | 78.8 | 50.7 | 1,526.5 |
| Source: Met Office[25] | |||||||||||||
Notable residents edit
Notable people born in Greenlaw include:
- George Linen (1802–1888), Scottish-American painter[26]
- Williamson Blyth (1827–1897), violin-maker, musician and tinsmith[27]
- Thomas Gibson (1825–1901), Ontario politician
- Prof George Gibson FRSE (1858–1930), mathematician thought to be the nephew of the above
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland". National Records of Scotland. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
- ^ . Scotland's Census Results Online. General Register Office for Scotland. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
- ^ Lewis, Samuel (1846). A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland. London. pp. 124–151. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "Greenlaw". Undiscovered Scotland. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ Brown, Keith. "Act declaring Duns the head burgh of the shire, 3 April 1661". The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707. University of St Andrews. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
- ^ Brown, Keith. "Act declaring the burgh of Greenlaw head burgh of the shire of Berwick, 9 October 1696". The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707. University of St Andrews. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
- ^ The Berwickshire Courts Act 1853 (16 & 17 Vict. c. 27): An Act for empowering the Sheriff and Commissary of Berwickshire to hold courts at Dunse, and for other purposes
- ^ "Multum in parvo". Jedforest and Teviotdale Record. Jedburgh. 29 July 1856. p. 3. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
On Tuesday last, the foundation stone of the New County Buildings at Dunse was laid by William Hay, Esq., the superior of the town, with masonic honours.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Former Duns Sheriff Court excluding flat-roofed extension adjoining to east, 8 Newtown Street, Duns (Category C Listed Building) (LB26556)". Retrieved 20 December 2022.
- ^ "Berwickshire County Council". Berwick Advertiser. 23 May 1890. p. 2. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
- ^ Berwickshire County Town Act 1903 (3 Edw. 7, c. 5)
- ^ "The County Town". Berwickshire News. Duns. 14 July 1903. p. 3. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Greenlaw Church (LB10490)". Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ Chambers, Robert (1837). Picture of Scotland. W. & R. Chambers. p. 12.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Greenlaw, County Prison (259406)". Canmore. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ "Restoration Village". BBC. 10 July 2006. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ “Greenlaw Golf Club”, “Golf’s Missing Links”.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 3 July 2018.
- ^ "STOPS - Home".
- ^ "NPTOHC - Home".
- ^ "Edinburgh Playhouse Box Office | Buy Tickets Online".
- ^ "Scottish Borders Weather - Mobile Weather".
- ^ "I-ICCP | Station Database".
- ^ "Greenlaw Castle". CANMORE. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ "Charterhall (Scottish Borders) UK climate averages". Met Office. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ "George Linen". Smithsonian American Art Museum.
- ^ "Maker, Williamson Blyth". Amati.
External links edit
- 1654 map of the Merce (Merse) indicating 'K(irk) of Grinnla' on the northern bank of the Blackadder Water (WSW of Duns); map by cartographer Joan Blaeu
- RCAHMS: Burgh: Greenlaw
- Gazetteer for Scotland: Greenlaw
- Greenlaw Parish Church, Prison tower and Old Market Cross
- Blackadder Holiday Park
- Borders Family History Society: Greenlaw
- GEOGRAPH image: Greenlaw Town Hall
- GEOGRAPH image: Renovation work at Greenlaw Town Hall
- The Blackadder Hotel Bar and Restaurant