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Green Engine Co

October 26, 2023

The Green Engine Co was a British engine company founded by Gustavus Green in Bexhill to sell engines of his design. He flourished especially as a designer of aeroplane engines during the first two decades of the 20th century. The engines were actually manufactured by the Aster Engineering Company.

History Edit

The firm produced a range of water-cooled, mostly inline engines up to about 1915. Green engines powered many pioneering British aircraft, including those of A. V. Roe, Samuel Cody, and Short Brothers. They had several advanced features in common; cast steel single-piece cylinders and cylinder heads, two valves per cylinder driven by an overhead camshaft, white metal crankshaft bearings and copper and rubber-sealed water jackets.[1][2] Manufacture was at the Aster Engineering Company of Wembley.

When the Great War broke out, the company was known for its motorcycle engines and particularly associated with a "pannier honeycomb" radiator design.[3] It was already involved in aero-engine design. In 1909, the C.4 had been the only motor to complete the tests for the Patrick Alexander Competition but was not awarded the £1,000 prize, because the rules called for a 35 hp (26 kW) engine while the C.4 only averaged 31.5 hp (23.5 kW).[4] The competition was re-run the following year for more powerful engines: this time, Green gained the prize with the D.4.[5] Up to 1912 Green was the only source of all-British aircraft engines capable of producing 60 hp (45 kW) and so the only choice when prizes were offered for all-British aircraft. The best known case is John Moore-Brabazon's winning the £1,000 Daily Mail prize for a circular 1 mi (0.87 nmi; 1.6 km) flight by a British pilot in an all-British aeroplane in his D.4-powered Short Biplane No. 2 in 1910.[1]

In 1914, the company was awarded a £5,000 prize by the Army Council in a Naval and Military Aeroplane Engine Competition[6] for their 100 hp (75 kW) water-cooled six-cylinder "Engine No. 1", which was judged to possess the highest number of attributes desirable in an aeroplane engine.[6][7] It was designed to deliver maximum power at low speed and weighed 442 lb (200 kg).[citation needed]

Green continued to design motorcycle engines too, using cylinders similar to, though smaller than, those on their prize-winning aero-engine, having similar rubber-sealed copper jackets and removable overhead valve mechanisms designed to protect the cylinders from damage by broken valves, and forced lubrication throughout.[3] In 1914, Motor Cycle magazine reported on a Zenith motorcycle supplied with the 'new' 964 cc (58.8 cu in) (8 hp (6 kW)) V-twin, of 85 mm (3.3 in) bore and stroke. One interesting detail seen on many modern motorcycles was 'the fitting of a glass window in the crank case to show the level of the oil'.[8]

Aircraft engines Edit

Data from Gunston 1986, p. 72 and Lumsden 1994, pp. 154–6

  • V-8, 100 hp (1908–1909)
  • Green C.4 4-cylinder inline, 105 mm bore × 120mm stroke, 30–35 hp (1908–1910)
  • Green D.4 4-cylinder inline, 140 mm bore × 146 mm stroke, 50–60 hp (1909–1910)
  • 6-cylinder inline, 140 mm bore × 146 mm stroke, 82 hp (1912–1916)
  • Green E.6 6-cylinder inline, 140 mm bore × 152 mm stroke, 90–100 hp (1912–1916)[9]
  • 6-cylinder inline, E.6 development, 140 mm bore × 152 mm stroke, 120 hp[10]
  • V-12, 275 hp (1914–1915)

Applications (grouped by engine power) Edit

Source:Goodall & Tagg 2001

Aeroplanes Edit

35 hp inline C.4

60 hp inline D.4

8Handley Page Type B[13]

100 hp inline E.4

Airships Edit

35 hp inline C.4
Army Balloon Factory Beta I

80 hp V-8
Army Balloon Factory Gamma I (the first all-British airship)

Boats Edit

The Defender II a 1909 racing boat owned by Fred May was powered by a 60 hp Green aeroplane engine.[15] In World War I, the well made, reliable but heavy (450 lbs or 204 kg) 82 hp Green inline engine was produced for fast boats rather than aircraft.[1]

References Edit

Notes Edit

  1. ^ a b c Gunston 1986, p. 72
  2. ^ Lumsden 1994, pp. 154–6
  3. ^ a b Anon, The Motorcycle, no. 695, Volume 13, 29 October 1914, p.482
  4. ^ Flight 1911
  5. ^ Flight 1913
  6. ^ a b "Aeroplane Engine Tests. Army Council Awards". News. The Times. No. 40667. London. 16 October 1914. col G, p. 10.
  7. ^ Flight (23 October 1914, p.1062) states the prize was awarded to the 120 hp (89 kW) engine, a refinement of the 100 hp (75 kW) model, unlike "The Motorcyclist"[citation needed]
  8. ^ "An 8 h.p. Twin-cylinder Zenith-Green", Motor Cycle, 20 August 1914, p.248.
  9. ^ Jane 1969, p. 3c
  10. ^ Flight 23 October 1914 p.1062
  11. ^ Barnes 1967, p.52
  12. ^ a b Bruce 1992, p. 260
  13. ^ Barnes & James 1987, p. 64
  14. ^ Lewis 1962, p. 476
  15. ^ "The Motor-Boats at Monaco". Sport. The Times. No. 39242. London. 9 April 1910. col C, p. 18.

Bibliography Edit

  • Bartley, L.J. (1971). The History of Bexhill. p. 94 – first successful British aero engine.
  • Bruce, J.M. (1992). The Aeroplanes of the Royal Flying Corps (2nd ed.). London: Putnam Publishing. ISBN 0-85177-854-2.
  • Barnes, C.H.; James, D. N. (1987). Handley Page Aircraft since 1907. London: Putnam Publishing. ISBN 0-85177-803-8.
  • Barnes, C.H. (1967). Shorts Aircraft Since 1900. London: Putnam P.
  • Goodall, Michael H.; Tagg, Albert E. (2001). British Aircraft before the Great War. Atglen, PA, USA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7643-1207-3.
  • Gunston, Bill (1986). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens. p. 72.
  • Jane, Fred T. (1969). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1913. London: David & Charles. ISBN 07153-4388-2.
  • Lewis, Peter (1962). British Aircraft 1809–1914. London: Putnam Publishing.
  • Lumsden, Alec (1994). British Piston Aero-engines and their Aircraft. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-85310-294-6.
  • "Interim Report of the Government Flight Office and Official Results of the Alexander Competition". Flight. Vol. III, no. 2. 14 January 1911. p. 23. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  • "Flight Engines at Olympia". Flight. Vol. V, no. 6. 8 February 1913. p. 151. Retrieved 21 June 2018.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Green Engine Co.

October 26, 2023
green, engine, british, engine, company, founded, gustavus, green, bexhill, sell, engines, design, flourished, especially, designer, aeroplane, engines, during, first, decades, 20th, century, engines, were, actually, manufactured, aster, engineering, company, . The Green Engine Co was a British engine company founded by Gustavus Green in Bexhill to sell engines of his design He flourished especially as a designer of aeroplane engines during the first two decades of the 20th century The engines were actually manufactured by the Aster Engineering Company History EditThe firm produced a range of water cooled mostly inline engines up to about 1915 Green engines powered many pioneering British aircraft including those of A V Roe Samuel Cody and Short Brothers They had several advanced features in common cast steel single piece cylinders and cylinder heads two valves per cylinder driven by an overhead camshaft white metal crankshaft bearings and copper and rubber sealed water jackets 1 2 Manufacture was at the Aster Engineering Company of Wembley When the Great War broke out the company was known for its motorcycle engines and particularly associated with a pannier honeycomb radiator design 3 It was already involved in aero engine design In 1909 the C 4 had been the only motor to complete the tests for the Patrick Alexander Competition but was not awarded the 1 000 prize because the rules called for a 35 hp 26 kW engine while the C 4 only averaged 31 5 hp 23 5 kW 4 The competition was re run the following year for more powerful engines this time Green gained the prize with the D 4 5 Up to 1912 Green was the only source of all British aircraft engines capable of producing 60 hp 45 kW and so the only choice when prizes were offered for all British aircraft The best known case is John Moore Brabazon s winning the 1 000 Daily Mail prize for a circular 1 mi 0 87 nmi 1 6 km flight by a British pilot in an all British aeroplane in his D 4 powered Short Biplane No 2 in 1910 1 In 1914 the company was awarded a 5 000 prize by the Army Council in a Naval and Military Aeroplane Engine Competition 6 for their 100 hp 75 kW water cooled six cylinder Engine No 1 which was judged to possess the highest number of attributes desirable in an aeroplane engine 6 7 It was designed to deliver maximum power at low speed and weighed 442 lb 200 kg citation needed Green continued to design motorcycle engines too using cylinders similar to though smaller than those on their prize winning aero engine having similar rubber sealed copper jackets and removable overhead valve mechanisms designed to protect the cylinders from damage by broken valves and forced lubrication throughout 3 In 1914 Motor Cycle magazine reported on a Zenith motorcycle supplied with the new 964 cc 58 8 cu in 8 hp 6 kW V twin of 85 mm 3 3 in bore and stroke One interesting detail seen on many modern motorcycles was the fitting of a glass window in the crank case to show the level of the oil 8 Aircraft engines EditData from Gunston 1986 p 72 and Lumsden 1994 pp 154 6 V 8 100 hp 1908 1909 Green C 4 4 cylinder inline 105 mm bore 120mm stroke 30 35 hp 1908 1910 Green D 4 4 cylinder inline 140 mm bore 146 mm stroke 50 60 hp 1909 1910 6 cylinder inline 140 mm bore 146 mm stroke 82 hp 1912 1916 Green E 6 6 cylinder inline 140 mm bore 152 mm stroke 90 100 hp 1912 1916 9 6 cylinder inline E 6 development 140 mm bore 152 mm stroke 120 hp 10 V 12 275 hp 1914 1915 Applications grouped by engine power EditSource Goodall amp Tagg 2001 Aeroplanes Edit 35 hp inline C 4 ASL Valkyrie A Avro Type D Avro Baby Blackburn First Monoplane Handley Page Type D Hornstein biplane Macfie Empress Martin Handasyde monoplane No 3 Neale VII biplane Roe II Triplane Roe III Triplane Roe IV Triplane Short S 27 Airframe nos S 27 and S 28 11 Sopwith Wright biplane Wells Reo60 hp inline D 4 ASL monoplane No 2 ASL Valkyrie C Avro Type G Blackburn Type E Cody Michelin Cup biplane Cody Circuit of Britain biplane Dunne D 5 Dunne D 7 Dunne D 8 Flanders F 2 Flanders F 3 George amp Jobling biplane Grahame White XV 12 8Handley Page Type B 13 Harper monoplane Howard Wright biplane Humphreys monoplane Megone biplane Northern Aircraft PB 1 Poynter monoplane Short Biplane No 2 Sonoda Tractor Biplane100 hp inline E 4 Bass Paterson flying boat Cody V 12 Eastbourne Aviation Circuit biplane Gnosspelius hydro biplane Graham White Charabancs Type 10 Royal Aircraft Factory F E 2a Short S 68 Seaplane Sopwith Bat Boat type 1 Sopwith Three seater 14 Sopwith 1913 Circuit of Britain Seaplane Sopwith Type TT Airships Edit 35 hp inline C 4Army Balloon Factory Beta I80 hp V 8Army Balloon Factory Gamma I the first all British airship Boats Edit The Defender II a 1909 racing boat owned by Fred May was powered by a 60 hp Green aeroplane engine 15 In World War I the well made reliable but heavy 450 lbs or 204 kg 82 hp Green inline engine was produced for fast boats rather than aircraft 1 References EditNotes Edit a b c Gunston 1986 p 72 Lumsden 1994 pp 154 6 a b Anon The Motorcycle no 695 Volume 13 29 October 1914 p 482 Flight 1911 Flight 1913 a b Aeroplane Engine Tests Army Council Awards News The Times No 40667 London 16 October 1914 col G p 10 Flight 23 October 1914 p 1062 states the prize was awarded to the 120 hp 89 kW engine a refinement of the 100 hp 75 kW model unlike The Motorcyclist citation needed An 8 h p Twin cylinder Zenith Green Motor Cycle 20 August 1914 p 248 Jane 1969 p 3c Flight 23 October 1914 p 1062 Barnes 1967 p 52 a b Bruce 1992 p 260 Barnes amp James 1987 p 64 Lewis 1962 p 476 The Motor Boats at Monaco Sport The Times No 39242 London 9 April 1910 col C p 18 Bibliography Edit Bartley L J 1971 The History of Bexhill p 94 first successful British aero engine Bruce J M 1992 The Aeroplanes of the Royal Flying Corps 2nd ed London Putnam Publishing ISBN 0 85177 854 2 Barnes C H James D N 1987 Handley Page Aircraft since 1907 London Putnam Publishing ISBN 0 85177 803 8 Barnes C H 1967 Shorts Aircraft Since 1900 London Putnam P Goodall Michael H Tagg Albert E 2001 British Aircraft before the Great War Atglen PA USA Schiffer Publishing Ltd ISBN 0 7643 1207 3 Gunston Bill 1986 World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines Wellingborough Patrick Stephens p 72 Jane Fred T 1969 Jane s All the World s Aircraft 1913 London David amp Charles ISBN 07153 4388 2 Lewis Peter 1962 British Aircraft 1809 1914 London Putnam Publishing Lumsden Alec 1994 British Piston Aero engines and their Aircraft Shrewsbury Airlife ISBN 1 85310 294 6 Interim Report of the Government Flight Office and Official Results of the Alexander Competition Flight Vol III no 2 14 January 1911 p 23 Retrieved 21 June 2018 Flight Engines at Olympia Flight Vol V no 6 8 February 1913 p 151 Retrieved 21 June 2018 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Green Engine Co Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Green Engine Co amp oldid 1154599548, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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