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Wikipedia

Grand Bay-Westfield

January 01, 1970

For the provincial riding formerly known as Grand Bay-Westfield, see Fundy-River Valley (electoral district).

Grand Bay-Westfield is a town in New Brunswick, Canada, on the west bank of the Saint John River immediately north of the boundary between Kings County and Saint John County.

Grand Bay–Westfield
Town
Grand Bay-Westfield as seen from across the river at Lands End.
Seal
Motto: 
Neighbours by Nature
Grand Bay–Westfield
Coordinates: 45°21′39″N 66°14′29″W / 45.36075°N 66.24151°W / 45.36075; -66.24151
CountryCanada
ProvinceNew Brunswick
CountyKings County,
IncorporatedJanuary 1, 1998
Government
[1]
 • TypeTown Council
 • MayorBrittany Merrifield
Area
[2]
 • Total59.82 km2 (23.10 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[3]
 • Total4,967
 • Density83.0/km2 (215/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-4 (AST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-3 (ADT)
Canadian postal code
E5K
Area code506
Telephone Exchange217, 738, 757
NTS Map021G08
GNBC CodeDBEFJ
Websitegrandbaywestfield.ca

Name edit

The town's hyphenated name is the product of a series of amalgamations since 1966. The Parish, and later the village, of Westfield was named in honour of either Westfield, Massachusetts, or Westfield, New Jersey, by the Loyalists. The name may also simply be in reference to its location in the western corner of Kings County, New Brunswick.[4] While the name Grand Bay (or as it appears on Monckton's 1758 map, Grand Baye[5]) was used for the body of water by the Acadians and Loyalists,[6] the name only became associated with the settlement at the edge of Westfield Parish around 1869.[7]

History edit

See also: History of New Brunswick and List of historic places in Kings County, New Brunswick

Wolastoqey Period edit

The town of Grand Bay-Westfield exists on traditional Wolastoqey land.[8] The river that runs along the town is known as Wolastoq, along which the Wolastoqiyik, the people of the beautiful and bountiful river, have lived since time immemorial.

The history of Indigenous lands in New Brunswick, and so too Grand Bay-Westfield, is complicated by the fact that no land treaties were concluded between the Indigenous peoples and the Crown.[9] As one of the Wabanaki people, the Wolastoqiyik were recognized in a series of Peace and Friendship Treaties with the British Crown which established an ongoing relationship of peace, friendship, and mutual respect between nations,[10] but no land agreements were made whether before the province of New Brunswick was formed in 1784 or afterwards.[9]

Though no Wolastoqey name for the area now incorporated as Grand Bay-Westfield is known, W. F. Ganong recorded the original name for the Grand Bay as Pekweetaypaykek.[7] The Nerepis river - formerly Nelepitchk[6] but now written as Nali'pits in Wolastoqey[11] - which runs through the north of the town was also frequently used as part of a portage route traveling to the Musquash watershed.[12] As Joseph Robineau de Villebon noted in a letter dated October 22, 1696,[13] there was a fortified Wolastoqey settlement and fort at the confluence of the Nerepis and Wolastoq rivers just outside the town of Grand Bay-Westfield at Woodman's Point.[14] This settlement was one of many stockaded outposts erected by the Wolastoqiyik; presumably for defense against the Iroquois.[15] While the fortified settlement fell into disuse during the 18th century, many Wolastoqiyik continued to summer near the mouth of the Nerepis at Westfield Beach and Lingley into the 1920s.[16] Westfield Beach was a particularly important summer encampment used to trap muskrat, gather fiddleheads, and collect wood and reeds for basketry and furniture making.[17]

Acadian Period edit

It is a common misconception that Samuel de Champlain and Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons visited and named the Grand Bay.[18][19][20] There is no mention of this event in Champlain's journals and the story is likely apocryphal.[21] However, following Champlain's discovery of the St. John River on June 24, 1604, French settlement of the area began in earnest.[22] In 1672, Martin D'Arprendestiguy was created Sieur de Martignon. The Martignon seigneury extended from the mouth of the Wolastoq up the west bank across the Nerepis to Long Reach. It also extended inland some distance and included the area of present day Grand Bay-Westfield.[23]

In 1749, a small French fort was built at Woodman's Point by Charles Deschamps de Boishébert; likely on the site of the former Wolastoqiyik stronghold. The site remained a French foothold for their operations against the British until around 1755 when British forces under Colonel Robert Monckton began the expulsion of Acadian French settlers throughout the region.[14] W. F. Ganong observed that without doubt Acadian place names were numerous in New Brunswick prior to the expulsion, but the conditions under which the English replace the French in the province were not favourable to the transfer of place names.[6] One exception to this in the Grand Bay-Westfield area is the name Ononette, which derives from the French Pointe au Ognonette - the Acadians' name for Brandy Point. By 1758, the Acadians were almost entirely expelled from the St. John River area, and permanent British settlement began.[24]

Loyalist Period edit

From 1765 to 1785 the territory north of the Bay of Fundy had been divided between only two counties, Sunbury, which included the settlements on the Wolastoq and the Passamaquoddy Bay, and Cumberland, which included the settlements at the head of the Bay of Fundy.[25] When Loyalist transport ships arrived at Saint John in 1783, the area now referred to as Grand Bay-Westfield was part of Sunbury County, most of it within the Township of Conway.[26] It was not until June 18, 1784, that Britain included Sunbury County and northern Cumberland County in the colony of New Brunswick. Separation from Nova Scotia only became complete in November with the public reading on the commission of newly arrived Governor Thomas Carleton.[27] The Loyalists established the Parish of Westfield within Kings County in 1786.[4]

Among the Loyalists who settled in present-day Grand Bay-Westfield were a small group of 31 Black Loyalists. The British promised land grants and provisions for three years to Loyalists who immigrated to Saint John, but most of the free Black Loyalists arriving in the area did not see this promise fulfilled.[28] Most settled into what is now the north end of Saint John and many were forced into slavery, which was still prevalent in New Brunswick, or became indentured servants.[29] Others found menial jobs in order to survive. In 1787, 31 petitioners received a total of 1550 acres in Grand Bay-Westfield and created a small community.[28] The group was led by Richard Corankapone Wheeler.[30] Notably, the areas granted were nearly unfarmable.[28]

The Black Loyalist community struggled to survive and many returned to Saint John. By 1790, many of the freed slaves had become disillusioned with life in Westfield and abandoned the land or sold out to other settlers. Some of the land was reverted back to the government and was re-granted. One community member, Thomas Peters, went to England to persuade the British to provide free transport to Sierra Leone and land grants there for anyone interested. Richard Corankapone Wheeler was so desperate to leave Westfield that he and several companions spent fifteen days walking from Westfield to Halifax in December 1791 to catch one of the ships going to Sierra Leone. On January 15, 1792, he and approximately 1200 others left Halifax.[30]

Other early black residents of the area came as slaves. Major John Coffin's wife, for instance, had two slaves while Coffin had four.[30]

In the early Loyalist period, lumbering was the most important industry of the Grand Bay-Westfield area. Records indicate that the first road through Grand Bay was built in 1788. By 1840, three stagecoaches traveled through the area en route from Saint John to Fredericton. The first railway to operate through Grand Bay, the New Brunswick Railway, began operation in 1869. The improvement of transportation routes enabled new businesses to develop and expand. James Ready first brewed his product on one of the second tiers of land grants back from the Wolastoq. His beer was transported to Saint John by wagon and train.[31]

Municipal Chronology and Boundary Changes edit

County government edit

In 1851, the Provincial Legislature passed the Municipal Act to provide for the establishment of municipal governments in the counties.[32] Municipal incorporation transferred to elected municipal or county councils most of the legislative and executive authority formerly vested in the Quarter Sessions[32] – the form of local administration which had previously dominated Loyalist New Brunswick. The law was permissive and did not compel incorporation. Upon the petition of at least fifty taxpayers in a county, the sheriff would convene public meetings of households and ratepayers in the county's parishes. If two thirds of those present and voting at such meetings favoured incorporation, an application would then be entertained by the Provincial government. While many counties including Carleton, York, and Sunbury took advantage of the opportunity, Kings County was not incorporated until a general act requiring all counties to incorporate received majority assent in the legislature in 1877.[32]

The Act of 1877 remained the basis for rural local government in New Brunswick until 1966.[32] The basic unit for county electoral purposes was the parish with two councillors generally elected for each parish. County elections were held at various times of the year and councillors retained office for varying periods of time. The area now encompassed by the town of Grand Bay-Westfield was at this point part of the larger Westfield Parish.

Local Improvement Districts edit

As urban and suburban populations began to expand on the outskirts of more established urban centres, many areas began demanding more specialized and localized service provision than could be delivered by county governments. The 1945 Local Improvement Districts Act facilitated incorporation for limited municipal purposes in many centres,[32] including the communities of Westfield and Pamdenec. Pamdenec was established as a Local Improvement District on January 6, 1948.[33] The boundaries of the District were later altered in 1952,[34] and additional services were added in 1965.[35] Westfield was established as a Local Improvement District on 23 October 1952.[36] The services offered by the Westfield Local Improvement District were altered twice in 1957 and 1959.[37]

Equal Opportunity Program edit

The first incorporated villages in the area now incorporated as Grand Bay-Westfield were created during the Equal Opportunity Program after the abolition of county government. The villages of Pamdenec and Westfield incorporated in 1966.[38] In 1972, the village of Westfield absorbed the neighbourhoods of Lingley, Sagwa, and Nerepis.[39] Pamdenec absorbed the neighbourhoods of Grand Bay, Epworth Park, and Ingleside to become the village of Grand Bay in 1973.[40] In 1988, Grand Bay became a town.

Cormier Report and Municipal Consolidation edit

Following the December 1992 release of a government discussion paper entitled "Strengthening Municipal Government in New Brunswick's Urban Centres", a series of localized feasibility studies were commissioned by the Frank McKenna Liberals targeting six geographic areas: Edmundston, Campbellton, Dalhousie, Miramichi, Moncton, and Saint John. In each instance, a panel composed of local representatives and expert consulting staff made specific recommendations for each urban-centred region.[41] The report for the Greater Saint John area, "A Community of Communities: Creating a stronger future" - often referred to simply as the Cormier Report - offered two potential solutions to the Province for consolidating the many municipalities in Greater Saint John, neither of which was ultimately adopted by government.

Option one offered by the Cormier Report was to create three communities with regionalization of some services. Under this option, the six Kennebecasis Valley communities (East Riverside-Kinghurst, Fairvale, Gondola Point, Quispamsis, Renforth, and Rothesay) plus the local service district of the Parish of Rothesay would be consolidated into one new municipality. The town of Grand Bay and various unincorporated areas around Saint John would also be consolidated into the city of Saint John to form the second new municipality. The third municipality in this scenario would be Westfield, which would remain separate because it was more rural and less populated. However, Cormier recommended that the rest of the Parish of Westfield join the village to form a new, larger Rural Community.[31] In this scenario, many services including water and sewerage, planning, and economic development would be regionalized across the three municipalities.

The second option offered by Cormier was a full consolidation of eight of the existing communities into one new city. In this scenario, only Westfield would remain a separate municipality.[42] Full consolidation was unpopular among residents outside the city of Saint John. Suburban residents stated generally that they were pleased with their communities as they were and that they liked their lower tax rates. As Cormier summarized it, residents "perceive Saint John as an expensive, poorly managed bureaucracy that does not serve its citizens well. They fear loss of control, loss of services, and loss of neighbourhood friendliness and sense of community."[43] Suburban residents' comments at public meetings support this description. One resident stated that he resented the questionnaire Commissioner Cormier had circulated to residents that asked them to rank their order of preference for his five reorganization schemes because it meant that the worst that full amalgamation could do is fifth place. As the resident put it, "full amalgamation into one city would come about three million, nine hundred and fifty-sixth on anybody's choice. That would come just above amalgamation with Red China."[44]

Ultimately, neither of the two options was implemented. Rather, the provincial government chose to proceed with partial consolidations and opted to legislate cost sharing for five specific regional facilities.[45] The town of Grand Bay and village of Westfield were amalgamated on January 1, 1998. Despite Cormier's insistence that Westfield be expanded in either consolidation scenario to "serve as a buffer zone where development is planned and well regulated" to "ensure they would prevent migration and urban sprawl.",[46] no additional portions of the Parish of Westfield not already part of the village of Westfield or town of Grand Bay were annexed. At the time, residents were not given a choice on the name of their new community. Instead, the Province decided to repurpose the name of the Provincial electoral district established in 1994: Grand Bay-Westfield.

The Higgs-Allain Local Governance Reforms edit

The town of Grand Bay-Westfield underwent another amalgamation as part of the Higgs-Allain Local Governance Reforms. In November 2021, the Province announced it would engage in strategic local restructuring to reduce the total number of local governments from 104 to just 78.[47] As part of this strategic restructuring, the town of Grand Bay-Westfield and part of the neighbouring local service district of Westfield[a] would amalgamate into a new municipality temporarily referred to as Entity 51.[47] Like all New Brunswick municipalities impacted by Local Governance Reform,[48] the new municipality was informed that the Transition Committee needed to find a permanent name to replace Entity 51 before May 16, 2022.[49]

 
Map of the wards that will be used for the November 28, 2022, by-election in Grand Bay-Westfield.

At a Special Council Meeting on February 17, 2022, Town Council and the Local Service District Transition Committee Representatives approved the naming process for Entity 51.[50] Residents of Grand Bay-Westfield and a portion of the LSD of Westfield were invited to participate in the local decision-making process of naming Entity 51 by becoming a volunteer member on the Naming Committee. Following the Council meeting of February 28, 2022,[51] the nine-member Naming Committee was appointed on March 1.[52] Committee membership included residents and elected representatives from both town and local service district.

Using a naming process designed by Grand Bay-Westfield Town Council and staff, residents of the new Entity 51 were invited by the Naming Committee to participate in a two phase naming process.[53] The first phase of the naming process was a public contest.[54] Residents were asked to submit potential names for the new town along with a short written explanation of their choice. Notably, it was predetermined by the Town Council that the name “Grand Bay-Westfield” would automatically be included on the final voting ballot.[54] The contest ran from March 11 to 28. From 369 total submissions, 116 were unique names.[55]

Once all submissions were received, the town created a decision-making tool based on Canada's Guiding Principles for Geographic Naming.[56] The tool – a name matrix – was designed with and approved by both the town's Transition Facilitator and the Province's appointed toponymy expert. The naming committee used the matrix to narrow the list from 116 to a top 15.

Those top 15 names were then reviewed by the Province. Some names were eliminated for being too long, too general, or for not meeting the Province's standard of full and proper consultation. Next, the committee voted on the ten remaining names using ranked ballots to arrive at our final five choices. On April 6, the Naming Committee held its final regular meeting.[57] After a detailed review of the process from town staff, the committee resolved a tie between two names by eliminating one of two finalists with very similar names. Ultimately, the 5 names selected to appear on the ballot were Hillandale, Nerepis Valley, Three Rivers, Westfield, and Grand Bay-Westfield.

The voting period ran from April 13 to May 2.[58] Residents and businesses within the boundaries of Entity 51 received a flyer in the mail with complete details including voting access keys for vote. The ballot used preferential voting and was operated through the ElectionBuddy voting platform. At the final meeting of the Naming Committee on May 4, 2022, the winning named was revealed to be Grand Bay-Westfield. There were 2,165 votes cast, with Grand Bay-Westfield receiving at least 51% of the vote. Pending approval by the province, Grand Bay-Westfield will come into effect as the name for the governing body of Entity 51 on Jan. 1, 2023.[59]

Prior to the official creation of the new local government of Grand Bay-Westfield, there will be a by-election in the portion of the local service district of Westfield. While Grand Bay-Westfield's councillors are usually elected at-large, for the purposes of providing representation to the annexed portion of Westfield the town will be divided into two wards until the next quadrennial municipal election. Ward 1 will include the current town of Grand Bay-Westfield and Ward 2 will be the portion of the local service district (LSD) of Westfield.[60]

Beyond the addition of a portion of the adjacent LSD, there will be other minor changes to the boundaries of Grand Bay-Westfield. These changes include some alterations along the county line, the Loch Alva Wilderness Area, and at Robin Hood Lake.

Demographics edit

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Grand Bay-Westfield had a population of 4,967 living in 1,965 of its 2,031 total private dwellings, a change of 0.1% from its 2016 population of 4,964. With a land area of 59.82 km2 (23.10 sq mi), it had a population density of 83.0/km2 (215.1/sq mi) in 2021.[61]

Transportation edit

Rail edit

 
Ice break-up on tracks at Westfield, 1936

In 1869 the European and North American Railway Western Extension was opened through the area between Saint John and Vanceboro, Maine. The rail line changed ownership to the New Brunswick Railway before becoming part of the Canadian Pacific Railway mainline from Saint John to Montreal in the 1880s. CPR established several stations through the area (Grand Bay, Pamdenec, Epworth Park, Ingleside, Ononette, Hillandale, Westfield Beach, Lingley, Sagwa, and Nerepis). The rail line was sold in 1995 and is now operated as the New Brunswick Southern Railway.

Roads edit

Route 177 is the town's main road, called River Valley Drive in the Grand Bay section of town and Nerepis Road in the Westfield part. Other main streets are Woolastook Drive, which winds through the highlands of Grand Bay, and Inglewood Drive is host to the Pamdenec, Epworth Park, Brandy Point & Ingleside subdivisions on Grand Bay's shore front. Also, NB Route 102 which begins north of Fredericton ends in Westfield. Highway 7, the main route from Saint John to Fredericton, passes through the western extremity of the town. In September, 2008, part of the ground that supports the railway tracks were washed away after Hurricane Hannah.

Marine edit

 
Westfield Wharf River Landing, a former steamboat wharf beside the ferry crossing.

From 1816 to 1946, steamship transport was the primary means of both passenger and cargo transportation between Saint John and Fredericton. Along the river, various stopping places were established. The area encompassed by the present town of Grand Bay-Westfield included two such stops, the Westfield Wharf and the Epworth Park Wharf. The former was owned by the Provincial and later Federal governments for public use and eventually came to be repurposed as a ferry landing and boat launch after the steamboat traffic stopped. The latter was privately owned, and ceased to be maintained in the 1930s.

The town has a ferry landing at the end of Ferry Road in Westfield. The Westfield Ferry, a cable ferry route operated by the provincial Department of Transportation using a pair of ferries, connects Westfield with the community of Hardings Point on the Kingston Peninsula. There is a popular campground just a few feet from the Hardings Point ferry landing.

The Canadian Coast Guard maintains a seasonal (summer only) search and rescue station at Brundage Point near the Westfield ferry landing. Inshore Rescue Boat Station Saint John (IRB Station Saint John) operates a Zodiac Hurricane 733 fast rescue craft in the lower Saint John River, covering all areas downstream from Evandale to the Reversing Falls, including the Kennebecasis River and Belleisle Bay. IRB Station Saint John is tasked by Joint Rescue Coordination Centre Halifax.

Neighbourhoods edit

Grand Bay edit

  • Grand Bay – These three neighbourhoods (areas around Murray St, Thompson Rd & Bayview Rd) constitute the original village of Grand Bay. It is the downtown core of the town. Most businesses are located here and the area borders the city of Saint John.
  • Highlands/Round Lake – heavily wooded and very steep, wind through the backlands and end at Round Lake.
  • Pamdenec – The town hall and fire department are located here at 609-615 River Valley Drive.
  • Epworth Park – Loyalist Captain John Hayter was granted 400 acres on land on the St. John River and settled at what is now Epworth Park. His brother William later built the first frame house near Epworth Park, to which his brother John Hayter and his family moved when they left the log house which they had erected in 1783.[62] About 1907, two Saint John Methodist Ministers, Rev. James Crisp and Rev. Neil MacLaughlan hoped to establish a campground in the area similar to the Beulah Camp at Browns Flat. Charles Hayter, a descendant of John Hayter, sold the pair a parcel of land near the river for $1500 which they named Epworth Park after the hometown of John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Church. Cottages began to be built, mainly for Methodist familiar from Saint John. Eventually the Church campground idea was abandoned and families of various denominations started building summer cottages.[63]
  • Brandy Point Estates – A suburban-type neighbourhood built in the 1970s and 1980s. Historically part of Epworth Park, it is now much larger in population than Epworth.
  • Ingleside – The last community before Milligan Brook before you enter Westfield.
  • Panoramic Estates – This is a new neighbourhood being built just north of the Centrum.
  • Epworth Park Heights – This neighbourhood is west of Epworth Park and is much higher. Epworth Park Heights is very distinct from Epworth Park proper.
  • Beverly Hills & Valley View Estates – This growing neighbourhood is located off Woolastook Drive. The streets of the area are characterized by extremely steep hills and dense woods.
  • Brookdale Heights – A hilly neighbourhood on the edge of Milligan Brook. Brookside Park is a small garden area located near the entrance to the neighbourhood.

Westfield edit

  • Ononette – In 1902, the name Ononette was given to the Canadian Pacific Railway station serving the area from Milligan Brook to the Inglewood Road.[64] The name Ononette was given to the community by William Francis Ganong.[65] Prior to 1902, the station had been named Riverbank.[66] The name is derived from Pointe au Ognonette, the Acadians' name for Brandy Point. Although Brandy Point had once been its own flag station on the Canadian Pacific Railway, by 1898 the flag station and surrounding neighbourhood had been renamed Ingleside.[67] Since he liked the name and it was no longer in use elsewhere, Ganong reappropriated the name Ononette for the next station up the river.
  • Hillandale – Formerly called Ballentine or Woolastook,[65] Hillandale was the name given to the Canadian Pacific Railway station serving the area from Inglewood Road to the ferry landing at Brundage Point.[68] Hillandale remains the name of a prominent road stretching all the way to the backlands, but the name also saw a brief resurgence in popularity as a finalist on the ballot for the new town name during the Higgs-Allain Local Governance Reforms.[69]
  • Westfield Beach – In the 1800s this sandy stretch along the banks of the Wolastoq was a summer community for residents of Saint John. The Westfield Beach station became a hub for two railways, where one from Maine and the other from Fredericton joined here en route to Saint John. Accordingly, the Westfield Beach station was larger than others in the area, housing a telegraph office and manicured park.[70]
  • Lingley – Lingley was named for Peter and Mary Lingley, Loyalists from New York State who established a large farm there. This community, extending from the mouth of the Nerepis River to the lower end of Chestnut Drive, sustained more damage than any other during the Great Fire of 1921.[71]
  • Sagwa – The entire community was part of the 6000-acre grant known as Glazier's Manor, which was acquired by General John Coffin in 1783.[72]
  • Nerepis – The railway station at Nerepis was only a shelter and quite small. It was built on the downriver side of the beginning of the Brittain Road. Boxcars were often left here on a siding near the station.[73] This community around the former Nerepis Station, commonly called Nerepis, is not to be confused with the separate community of Nerepis, which lies on the other side of the Nerepis River across the Brittain Road Bridge. Nerepis is part of Grand Bay-Westfield.

Municipal Symbols edit

Grand Bay (1973) edit

The village of Grand Bay's 1973 crest featured four elements: a sailboat, a tree on a small hill, and the letters "G" and "B". The sailboat would be reused in future iconography (and remains the principal symbol for the town today). The tree on the hill was presumably a reference to the former village of Pamdenec, as the name Pamdenec means "little hill".[74]

Grand Bay (1988) edit

Upon incorporation as a town in 1988, the Grand Bay adopted a new logo. The new crest featured an enlarged image of the same sailboat depicted on the original 1973 crest and featured the tagline "A Community of Friends".

Westfield (1989) edit

Westfield was the first New Brunswick municipality to be granted armorial bearings from the Sovereign through Her Majesty's Canadian Officers of Arms. Early in 1988, it was suggested to the Village Council that a symbol be developed for use by the village. Westfield's official request for a coat of arms was made to the Chief Herald of Canada by Mayor Kevin Thorne on behalf of the Council on October 25, 1988. Following the development of design proposals by a committee of councillors, the Westfield Council agreed on a proposed design and motto to be submitted on December 13, 1988.[23] Westfield received its Coat of Arms on June 30, 1989.[73]

In Westfield's shield of arms the basic tinctures, white and green, and the green cross-crosslets are taken from the arms of John Coffin.

The next device on the shield is the so-called Tudor Rose with a yellow disc in the centre bearing the numeral 4. This is the same badge used on the tunic buttons of the Kings American Regiment. In recognition of its service the regiment was placed on the British Army's regular establishment in 1782 and designated the 4th American Regiment, hence the numeral in the centre of the rose. This device was chosen because Ensign Henry Nase, the first Loyalist settler of Westfield, served in the unit for six years until it was disbanded in New Brunswick in 1783. Nase became a colonel in the New Brunswick militia, a respected magistrate, and a prominent churchman.[23]

Across the upper third of the shield there is a broad band known in heraldic terms as a chief. In the Westfield arms this is coloured black with five heraldic representations of ermine tails to represent fur as a nod to the early French regime in the area. Sieur of Martignon Martin D'Arprendestiguy - whose seigneury included the lands which would become Westfield - made his living from the fur trade.[23]

The crest consists of a wreath of twisted cloth in the main colours of the shield, white and green, on which there sits a Loyalist coronet. It consists of a gold rim inscribed with the motto "UNITAS IMPERII" or "Unity of Empire". The rim is topped with red Canadian maple and green English oak leaves. From the coronet there rises an Eastern Panther. The panther supports a staff which bears the Union Flag of 1707 under which the Loyalists fought in the American Revolution.[23]

The motto associated with the coat of arms is "INTER AGROS ET FLUMINA HABITENS", or "Dwelling between fields and rivers" in reference to the local geography.[23]

Grand Bay-Westfield (1998) edit

 
Sign for Westfield River Landing

When the town of Grand Bay and village of Westfield amalgamated in 1998, the new town crest incorporated elements of both the Grand Bay logo and the painting featured on signs at the Westfield River Landing. While the logo reused the Grand Bay motto, "A Community of Friends", and generally resembled the town's 1988 logo, the 1998 iteration added additional detail to the sailboat depicted and incorporated the Westfield Wharf and boat launch as a means of making Westfield residents feel included.

Grand Bay-Westfield (2021) edit

In March 2021, the town's new corporate branding and website were launched. The new logo maintained the sailboat associated with both Grand Bay and Westfield since the 1970s, but abstracted the icon into three simple shapes coloured yellow, green, and blue. The new corporate branding also resulted in a new town motto: Neighbours by Nature. New welcome signs with the updated branding were installed on the town's southern border in May 2021 in advance of the new Council's term, but the gradual rollout of the branding was put on hold until the impact of the Higgs-Allain local governance reforms on town boundaries and identity was known.[citation needed]

Parks edit

Grand Bay-Westfield has many parks, from simple greenspace to ballfields and playgrounds. They are listed below, in geographical order from south to north.

  • Henderson Brook Nature Park: A tiny, new park, Henderson Brook is a great place to watch beavers and birds. It is located on Shannon Road.
  • Southwood Park: playground at corner of Bayview Road and Cavalier Lane.
  • Inglewood School: playground and baseball diamond.
  • Grand Bay Primary School: playground and fieldspace.
  • Grand Bay Tennis Courts: 3 regulation-sized tennis courts, located at the corner of Inglewood Drive and Pamdenec Road.
  • Pamdenec Place: The former location of the Tennis Courts, now a simple park setting accessible from Pamdenec Road and Frederick Street.
  • Lions Field: On Inglewood Drive near Broad Street, two ballfields and a playground.
  • Epworth Park Field: green space at corner of Central Avenue and Smith Lane.
  • River Valley Middle School: Baseball field, soccer field, football field and, as of summer 2008, a running and walking track
  • Brookside Park: A small sitting area near the corner of Brookdale Avenue and Woolastook Drive.
  • Unity Park: Could be considered the town's commons, this park was created to symbolize the joining of the two communities. It is located next to Milligan Brook where the former boundary was (corner of Nerepis Road and Mullen Lane). The small stage is used in the summer for events every Wednesday, including children's nights, folk music, local talent, etc.
  • Westfield School: A large playground.
  • Brundage Point
  • Westfield River Landing: Located at Ferry Road and Brundage Point Road.

Notable people edit

Main article: List of people from Kings County, New Brunswick

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Often called Westfield West, to distinguish it from the portion on the Kingston Peninsula and Kennebecasis Island; the LSD legally included both.

References edit

  1. ^ "Contact Information". Town of Grand Bay-Westfield. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  2. ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census Grand Bay-Westfield, New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  3. ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census Grand Bay-Westfield, New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  4. ^ a b Rayburn, Alan (1975). Geographic Names of New Brunswick. Ottawa, Ontario: Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources. p. 288.
  5. ^ Rayburn, Alan (1975). Toponomy Study 2: Geographical Names of New Brunswick. Ottawa, Ontario: Surveys and Mapping Branch; Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources. p. 121.
  6. ^ a b c Ganong, William F. (1896). "A Monograph of the Place-Nomenclature of the Province of New Brunswick". Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. II (2): 198 – via Canadiana.
  7. ^ a b "Place Names of New Brunswick: Where is Home? New Brunswick Communities Past and Present. Grand Bay". Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Retrieved 2022-07-12.
  8. ^ "Land Acknowledgement". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2021-06-03. Retrieved 2022-07-07.
  9. ^ a b Hamilton, W. D. (1984-04-04). "Indian Lands in New Brunswick: The Case of the Little South West Reserve". Acadiensis. 13 (2): 3.
  10. ^ "Peace and Friendship Treaties". www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca. Government of Canada; Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. 2010-09-15. Retrieved 2022-07-07.
  11. ^ Perry, Brad (2021-09-14). "Town Adds Indigenous Names to Street Signs". Country 94. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
  12. ^ "Old Portage Trail Head". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  13. ^ John Clarence Webster. (1934) Acadia At the End of the 17th Century. The New Brunswick Museum Publication, Saint John, NB. pp. 90-91.
  14. ^ a b "Fort Nerepis National Historic Site of Canada". www.pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
  15. ^ John Clarence Webster. (1934) Acadia At the End of the 17th Century. The New Brunswick Museum Publication, Saint John, NB. pp. 212-213.
  16. ^ "Municipal Heritage Trail Panels". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2021-05-14 [2010-12-01]. p. 8. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
  17. ^ "Discover the Saint John Region on the Bay of Fundy. Your Official Community-Curated Handbook on: History and Culture" (PDF). Discover Saint John. Envision Saint John. p. 4. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  18. ^ Glass, Marlo (2022-03-27). "Wolastoqey name proposed to replace Grand Bay-Westfield". Telegraph-Journal. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  19. ^ Council Strategic Plan 2021-2025 (PDF). Grand Bay-Westfield: Transitional Solutions Inc. 2021. p. 4.
  20. ^ "Did you know?" (PDF). Grand Bay-Westfield Heritage. p. 1. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  21. ^ de Champlain, Samuel (2018) [2005]. The Project Gutenberg EBook of Oeuvres de Champlain. Project Gutenberg. p. 171.
  22. ^ "Discover the Saint John Region on the Bay of Fundy. Your Official Community-Curated Handbook on: History and Culture" (PDF). Discover Saint John. Envision Saint John. p. 5. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  23. ^ a b c d e f Aiton, Linda (1989). Ceremony of Presentation of Letters Patent Granting Armorial Bearings to the Village of Westfield, New Brunswick in the Presence of His Honour the Honourable Gilbert Finn, Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick on Friday, June 30, 1989 7:00 p.m. Westfield, New Brunswick: Village of Westfield. pp. 1–4.
  24. ^ "Discover the Saint John Region on the Bay of Fundy. Your Official Community-Curated Handbook on: History and Culture" (PDF). Discover Saint John. Envision Saint John. p. 6. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  25. ^ Wright, Esther Clark (1966). The St. John River and Its Tributaries. p. 94.
  26. ^ Taylor, David. "The Belyea Family" (PDF). Grand Bay-Westfield Heritage. p. 8. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  27. ^ Bell, David (2013). Loyalist Rebellion in New Brunswick: A Defining Conflict for Canada's Political Culture. Halifax, Nova Scotia: Formac Publishing Company Limited. pp. 8–11. ISBN 978-1-4595-0277-2.
  28. ^ a b c "Discover the Saint John Region on the Bay of Fundy. Your Official Community-Curated Handbook on: History and Culture" (PDF). Discover Saint John. Envision Saint John. p. 8. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  29. ^ "Historic Places". Grand Bay-Westfield Heritage. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  30. ^ a b c Riddell, Ray (2011). "Early Settlers of Grand Bay Westfield" (PDF). Grand Bay-Westfield Heritage. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  31. ^ a b Cormier, E. F. (Skip) (1997). A Community of Communities: Creating a Stronger Future. Local Government Options for the Greater Saint John Area. New Brunswick: Department of Municipalities, Culture, and Housing. p. 45.
  32. ^ a b c d e Whalen, H. J. (Hugh Joseph) (1964). The development of local government in New Brunswick. Internet Archive. Fredericton, New Brunswick: Department of Municipal Affairs. p. 26.
  33. ^ The Royal Gazette, 14 January 1948, pp. 13–14
  34. ^ The Royal Gazette, 29 October 1952, p. 29
  35. ^ The Royal Gazette, 24 March 1965, p. 123
  36. ^ The Royal Gazette, 12 November 1952, pp. 309–310
  37. ^ The Royal Gazette, 13 February 1957, p. 63; 6 March 1957, p. 90; 4 February 1959, p. 61
  38. ^ "Municipalities Act, SNB 1966(1), c 20". Canadian Legal Information Institute. 1966. p. 75. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  39. ^ "New Villages Incorporated". Moncton Times. Moncton, New Brunswick. November 17, 1972. p. 3. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  40. ^ "Regulation 72–137 under the Municipalities Act (O. C. 72–867)". The Royal Gazette. 130. Fredericton: 927. 22 November 1972.
  41. ^ Finn, Jean-Guy (2008). Building Stronger Local Governments and Regions: An Action Plan for the Future of Local Governance in New Brunswick. Report of the Commissioner on the Future of Local Governance (PDF). New Brunswick. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-55471-179-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  42. ^ Cormier, E. F. (Skip) (1997). A Community of Communities: Creating a Stronger Future. Local Government Options for the Greater Saint John Area. New Brunswick: Department of Municipalities, Culture, and Housing. p. 23.
  43. ^ E. F. (Skip), Cormier (1997). A Community of Communities: Creating a Stronger Future. Local Government Options for the Greater Saint John Area. New Brunswick: Department of Municipalities, Housing, and Culture. pp. 70–71.
  44. ^ Trueman, Mac (1996-11-20). "Uniting suburbs Saint John like merging Hong Kong and Red China Resident". Telegraph-Journal. p. 3. Retrieved 2022-07-07.
  45. ^ Finn, Jean-Guy (2008). Building Stronger Local Governments and Regions: An Action Plan for the Future of Local Governance in New Brunswick. Report of the Commissioner on the Future of Local Governance (PDF). New Brunwick. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-55471-179-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  46. ^ Cormier, E. F. (Skip) (1997). A Community of Communities: Creating a Stronger Future. Local Government Options for the Greater Saint John Area. New Brunswick: Department of Municipalities, Culture, and Housing. pp. 21–23.
  47. ^ a b Working together for vibrant and sustainable communities: White Paper (PDF). Fredericton, New Brunswick: Province of New Brunswick. 2021. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-4605-2957-7. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  48. ^ Woodard, Payge (2022-07-10). "Scenery, history and a bird inspired new municipal names". Times & Transcript. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
  49. ^ Taylor, Jon (2022-04-16). "How Entity 51 will get its new name". Telegraph-Journal. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  50. ^ "Town Council and Local Service District (LSD) Transition Committee Representatives approve naming process of Entity 51". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2022-02-17. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  51. ^ Regular Council Meeting of February 28, 2022, retrieved 2022-07-06
  52. ^ "Naming Committee Members of Entity 51 Appointed". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  53. ^ Naming Committee of Entity 51 Meeting of March 2, 2022, retrieved 2022-07-06
  54. ^ a b "The Naming Committee of Entity 51 wants to hear from you - Submit your name ideas for Entity 51!". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2022-03-09. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  55. ^ Perry, Brad (2022-03-31). "More Than 100 Names Suggested for Entity 51". Country 94. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  56. ^ "Guiding principles for geographical naming". Canada.ca. 2021-04-28. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  57. ^ Naming Committee of Entity 51 Meeting of April 6, 2022, retrieved 2022-07-06
  58. ^ "Voting details for the naming of Entity 51". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2022-04-12. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  59. ^ Sutherland, Marie (2022-05-06). "Grand Bay-Westfield has chosen its new name and it's ... Grand Bay-Westfield". CBC New Brunswick. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  60. ^ "Virtual information sessions for Grand Bay-Westfield Ward 2 local government by-election candidates". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2022-09-20. Retrieved 2022-09-21.
  61. ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  62. ^ "Epworth Park". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
  63. ^ "Municipal Heritage Trail Panels". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2021-05-14 [2010-12-01]. p. 4. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
  64. ^ "Ononette". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  65. ^ a b Sutton, Suzanne (1997). Westfield: A History Told by Residents. Village of Westfield: Centennial-McMillanLingley. p. 31. ISBN 0-9682862-0-8.
  66. ^ "Place Names of New Brunswick: Where is Home? New Brunswick Communities Past and Present: Ononette". Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  67. ^ "Place Names of New Brunswick: Where is Home? New Brunswick Communities Past and Present: Ingleside". Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  68. ^ "Hillandale". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  69. ^ Glass, Marlo (2022-04-07). "Three River? Names shortlisted for Grand Bay-Westfield entity". Telegraph-Journal. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
  70. ^ "Westfield Beach". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  71. ^ "Lingley". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  72. ^ "Sagwa". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  73. ^ a b "Nerepis". Grand Bay-Westfield. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  74. ^ Ganong, W. F. (1906). "Additions and Corrections to Monographs on the Place-Nomenclature, Cartography, Historic Sites, Boundaries and Settlement-origins of the Province of New Brunswick". Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Second Series, Vol. 12, Section 2. p. 40. Retrieved 25 July 2015

External links edit

  • Town of Grand Bay-Westfield

January 01, 1970
grand, westfield, provincial, riding, formerly, known, fundy, river, valley, electoral, district, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challe. For the provincial riding formerly known as Grand Bay Westfield see Fundy River Valley electoral district This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Grand Bay Westfield news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2017 Learn how and when to remove this message Grand Bay Westfield is a town in New Brunswick Canada on the west bank of the Saint John River immediately north of the boundary between Kings County and Saint John County Grand Bay WestfieldTownGrand Bay Westfield as seen from across the river at Lands End SealMotto Neighbours by NatureGrand Bay WestfieldCoordinates 45 21 39 N 66 14 29 W 45 36075 N 66 24151 W 45 36075 66 24151CountryCanadaProvinceNew BrunswickCountyKings County IncorporatedJanuary 1 1998Government 1 TypeTown Council MayorBrittany MerrifieldArea 2 Total59 82 km2 23 10 sq mi Population 2021 3 Total4 967 Density83 0 km2 215 sq mi Time zoneUTC 4 AST Summer DST UTC 3 ADT Canadian postal codeE5KArea code506Telephone Exchange217 738 757NTS Map021G08GNBC CodeDBEFJWebsitegrandbaywestfield wbr ca Contents 1 Name 2 History 2 1 Wolastoqey Period 2 2 Acadian Period 2 3 Loyalist Period 3 Municipal Chronology and Boundary Changes 3 1 County government 3 2 Local Improvement Districts 3 3 Equal Opportunity Program 3 4 Cormier Report and Municipal Consolidation 3 5 The Higgs Allain Local Governance Reforms 4 Demographics 5 Transportation 5 1 Rail 5 2 Roads 5 3 Marine 6 Neighbourhoods 6 1 Grand Bay 6 2 Westfield 7 Municipal Symbols 7 1 Grand Bay 1973 7 2 Grand Bay 1988 7 3 Westfield 1989 7 4 Grand Bay Westfield 1998 7 5 Grand Bay Westfield 2021 8 Parks 9 Notable people 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 External linksName editThe town s hyphenated name is the product of a series of amalgamations since 1966 The Parish and later the village of Westfield was named in honour of either Westfield Massachusetts or Westfield New Jersey by the Loyalists The name may also simply be in reference to its location in the western corner of Kings County New Brunswick 4 While the name Grand Bay or as it appears on Monckton s 1758 map Grand Baye 5 was used for the body of water by the Acadians and Loyalists 6 the name only became associated with the settlement at the edge of Westfield Parish around 1869 7 History editSee also History of New Brunswick and List of historic places in Kings County New Brunswick Wolastoqey Period edit The town of Grand Bay Westfield exists on traditional Wolastoqey land 8 The river that runs along the town is known as Wolastoq along which the Wolastoqiyik the people of the beautiful and bountiful river have lived since time immemorial The history of Indigenous lands in New Brunswick and so too Grand Bay Westfield is complicated by the fact that no land treaties were concluded between the Indigenous peoples and the Crown 9 As one of the Wabanaki people the Wolastoqiyik were recognized in a series of Peace and Friendship Treaties with the British Crown which established an ongoing relationship of peace friendship and mutual respect between nations 10 but no land agreements were made whether before the province of New Brunswick was formed in 1784 or afterwards 9 Though no Wolastoqey name for the area now incorporated as Grand Bay Westfield is known W F Ganong recorded the original name for the Grand Bay as Pekweetaypaykek 7 The Nerepis river formerly Nelepitchk 6 but now written as Nali pits in Wolastoqey 11 which runs through the north of the town was also frequently used as part of a portage route traveling to the Musquash watershed 12 As Joseph Robineau de Villebon noted in a letter dated October 22 1696 13 there was a fortified Wolastoqey settlement and fort at the confluence of the Nerepis and Wolastoq rivers just outside the town of Grand Bay Westfield at Woodman s Point 14 This settlement was one of many stockaded outposts erected by the Wolastoqiyik presumably for defense against the Iroquois 15 While the fortified settlement fell into disuse during the 18th century many Wolastoqiyik continued to summer near the mouth of the Nerepis at Westfield Beach and Lingley into the 1920s 16 Westfield Beach was a particularly important summer encampment used to trap muskrat gather fiddleheads and collect wood and reeds for basketry and furniture making 17 Acadian Period edit It is a common misconception that Samuel de Champlain and Pierre Dugua Sieur de Mons visited and named the Grand Bay 18 19 20 There is no mention of this event in Champlain s journals and the story is likely apocryphal 21 However following Champlain s discovery of the St John River on June 24 1604 French settlement of the area began in earnest 22 In 1672 Martin D Arprendestiguy was created Sieur de Martignon The Martignon seigneury extended from the mouth of the Wolastoq up the west bank across the Nerepis to Long Reach It also extended inland some distance and included the area of present day Grand Bay Westfield 23 In 1749 a small French fort was built at Woodman s Point by Charles Deschamps de Boishebert likely on the site of the former Wolastoqiyik stronghold The site remained a French foothold for their operations against the British until around 1755 when British forces under Colonel Robert Monckton began the expulsion of Acadian French settlers throughout the region 14 W F Ganong observed that without doubt Acadian place names were numerous in New Brunswick prior to the expulsion but the conditions under which the English replace the French in the province were not favourable to the transfer of place names 6 One exception to this in the Grand Bay Westfield area is the name Ononette which derives from the French Pointe au Ognonette the Acadians name for Brandy Point By 1758 the Acadians were almost entirely expelled from the St John River area and permanent British settlement began 24 Loyalist Period edit From 1765 to 1785 the territory north of the Bay of Fundy had been divided between only two counties Sunbury which included the settlements on the Wolastoq and the Passamaquoddy Bay and Cumberland which included the settlements at the head of the Bay of Fundy 25 When Loyalist transport ships arrived at Saint John in 1783 the area now referred to as Grand Bay Westfield was part of Sunbury County most of it within the Township of Conway 26 It was not until June 18 1784 that Britain included Sunbury County and northern Cumberland County in the colony of New Brunswick Separation from Nova Scotia only became complete in November with the public reading on the commission of newly arrived Governor Thomas Carleton 27 The Loyalists established the Parish of Westfield within Kings County in 1786 4 Among the Loyalists who settled in present day Grand Bay Westfield were a small group of 31 Black Loyalists The British promised land grants and provisions for three years to Loyalists who immigrated to Saint John but most of the free Black Loyalists arriving in the area did not see this promise fulfilled 28 Most settled into what is now the north end of Saint John and many were forced into slavery which was still prevalent in New Brunswick or became indentured servants 29 Others found menial jobs in order to survive In 1787 31 petitioners received a total of 1550 acres in Grand Bay Westfield and created a small community 28 The group was led by Richard Corankapone Wheeler 30 Notably the areas granted were nearly unfarmable 28 The Black Loyalist community struggled to survive and many returned to Saint John By 1790 many of the freed slaves had become disillusioned with life in Westfield and abandoned the land or sold out to other settlers Some of the land was reverted back to the government and was re granted One community member Thomas Peters went to England to persuade the British to provide free transport to Sierra Leone and land grants there for anyone interested Richard Corankapone Wheeler was so desperate to leave Westfield that he and several companions spent fifteen days walking from Westfield to Halifax in December 1791 to catch one of the ships going to Sierra Leone On January 15 1792 he and approximately 1200 others left Halifax 30 Other early black residents of the area came as slaves Major John Coffin s wife for instance had two slaves while Coffin had four 30 In the early Loyalist period lumbering was the most important industry of the Grand Bay Westfield area Records indicate that the first road through Grand Bay was built in 1788 By 1840 three stagecoaches traveled through the area en route from Saint John to Fredericton The first railway to operate through Grand Bay the New Brunswick Railway began operation in 1869 The improvement of transportation routes enabled new businesses to develop and expand James Ready first brewed his product on one of the second tiers of land grants back from the Wolastoq His beer was transported to Saint John by wagon and train 31 Municipal Chronology and Boundary Changes editCounty government edit In 1851 the Provincial Legislature passed the Municipal Act to provide for the establishment of municipal governments in the counties 32 Municipal incorporation transferred to elected municipal or county councils most of the legislative and executive authority formerly vested in the Quarter Sessions 32 the form of local administration which had previously dominated Loyalist New Brunswick The law was permissive and did not compel incorporation Upon the petition of at least fifty taxpayers in a county the sheriff would convene public meetings of households and ratepayers in the county s parishes If two thirds of those present and voting at such meetings favoured incorporation an application would then be entertained by the Provincial government While many counties including Carleton York and Sunbury took advantage of the opportunity Kings County was not incorporated until a general act requiring all counties to incorporate received majority assent in the legislature in 1877 32 The Act of 1877 remained the basis for rural local government in New Brunswick until 1966 32 The basic unit for county electoral purposes was the parish with two councillors generally elected for each parish County elections were held at various times of the year and councillors retained office for varying periods of time The area now encompassed by the town of Grand Bay Westfield was at this point part of the larger Westfield Parish Local Improvement Districts edit As urban and suburban populations began to expand on the outskirts of more established urban centres many areas began demanding more specialized and localized service provision than could be delivered by county governments The 1945 Local Improvement Districts Act facilitated incorporation for limited municipal purposes in many centres 32 including the communities of Westfield and Pamdenec Pamdenec was established as a Local Improvement District on January 6 1948 33 The boundaries of the District were later altered in 1952 34 and additional services were added in 1965 35 Westfield was established as a Local Improvement District on 23 October 1952 36 The services offered by the Westfield Local Improvement District were altered twice in 1957 and 1959 37 Equal Opportunity Program edit The first incorporated villages in the area now incorporated as Grand Bay Westfield were created during the Equal Opportunity Program after the abolition of county government The villages of Pamdenec and Westfield incorporated in 1966 38 In 1972 the village of Westfield absorbed the neighbourhoods of Lingley Sagwa and Nerepis 39 Pamdenec absorbed the neighbourhoods of Grand Bay Epworth Park and Ingleside to become the village of Grand Bay in 1973 40 In 1988 Grand Bay became a town Cormier Report and Municipal Consolidation edit Following the December 1992 release of a government discussion paper entitled Strengthening Municipal Government in New Brunswick s Urban Centres a series of localized feasibility studies were commissioned by the Frank McKenna Liberals targeting six geographic areas Edmundston Campbellton Dalhousie Miramichi Moncton and Saint John In each instance a panel composed of local representatives and expert consulting staff made specific recommendations for each urban centred region 41 The report for the Greater Saint John area A Community of Communities Creating a stronger future often referred to simply as the Cormier Report offered two potential solutions to the Province for consolidating the many municipalities in Greater Saint John neither of which was ultimately adopted by government Option one offered by the Cormier Report was to create three communities with regionalization of some services Under this option the six Kennebecasis Valley communities East Riverside Kinghurst Fairvale Gondola Point Quispamsis Renforth and Rothesay plus the local service district of the Parish of Rothesay would be consolidated into one new municipality The town of Grand Bay and various unincorporated areas around Saint John would also be consolidated into the city of Saint John to form the second new municipality The third municipality in this scenario would be Westfield which would remain separate because it was more rural and less populated However Cormier recommended that the rest of the Parish of Westfield join the village to form a new larger Rural Community 31 In this scenario many services including water and sewerage planning and economic development would be regionalized across the three municipalities The second option offered by Cormier was a full consolidation of eight of the existing communities into one new city In this scenario only Westfield would remain a separate municipality 42 Full consolidation was unpopular among residents outside the city of Saint John Suburban residents stated generally that they were pleased with their communities as they were and that they liked their lower tax rates As Cormier summarized it residents perceive Saint John as an expensive poorly managed bureaucracy that does not serve its citizens well They fear loss of control loss of services and loss of neighbourhood friendliness and sense of community 43 Suburban residents comments at public meetings support this description One resident stated that he resented the questionnaire Commissioner Cormier had circulated to residents that asked them to rank their order of preference for his five reorganization schemes because it meant that the worst that full amalgamation could do is fifth place As the resident put it full amalgamation into one city would come about three million nine hundred and fifty sixth on anybody s choice That would come just above amalgamation with Red China 44 Ultimately neither of the two options was implemented Rather the provincial government chose to proceed with partial consolidations and opted to legislate cost sharing for five specific regional facilities 45 The town of Grand Bay and village of Westfield were amalgamated on January 1 1998 Despite Cormier s insistence that Westfield be expanded in either consolidation scenario to serve as a buffer zone where development is planned and well regulated to ensure they would prevent migration and urban sprawl 46 no additional portions of the Parish of Westfield not already part of the village of Westfield or town of Grand Bay were annexed At the time residents were not given a choice on the name of their new community Instead the Province decided to repurpose the name of the Provincial electoral district established in 1994 Grand Bay Westfield The Higgs Allain Local Governance Reforms edit The town of Grand Bay Westfield underwent another amalgamation as part of the Higgs Allain Local Governance Reforms In November 2021 the Province announced it would engage in strategic local restructuring to reduce the total number of local governments from 104 to just 78 47 As part of this strategic restructuring the town of Grand Bay Westfield and part of the neighbouring local service district of Westfield a would amalgamate into a new municipality temporarily referred to as Entity 51 47 Like all New Brunswick municipalities impacted by Local Governance Reform 48 the new municipality was informed that the Transition Committee needed to find a permanent name to replace Entity 51 before May 16 2022 49 nbsp Map of the wards that will be used for the November 28 2022 by election in Grand Bay Westfield At a Special Council Meeting on February 17 2022 Town Council and the Local Service District Transition Committee Representatives approved the naming process for Entity 51 50 Residents of Grand Bay Westfield and a portion of the LSD of Westfield were invited to participate in the local decision making process of naming Entity 51 by becoming a volunteer member on the Naming Committee Following the Council meeting of February 28 2022 51 the nine member Naming Committee was appointed on March 1 52 Committee membership included residents and elected representatives from both town and local service district Using a naming process designed by Grand Bay Westfield Town Council and staff residents of the new Entity 51 were invited by the Naming Committee to participate in a two phase naming process 53 The first phase of the naming process was a public contest 54 Residents were asked to submit potential names for the new town along with a short written explanation of their choice Notably it was predetermined by the Town Council that the name Grand Bay Westfield would automatically be included on the final voting ballot 54 The contest ran from March 11 to 28 From 369 total submissions 116 were unique names 55 Once all submissions were received the town created a decision making tool based on Canada s Guiding Principles for Geographic Naming 56 The tool a name matrix was designed with and approved by both the town s Transition Facilitator and the Province s appointed toponymy expert The naming committee used the matrix to narrow the list from 116 to a top 15 Those top 15 names were then reviewed by the Province Some names were eliminated for being too long too general or for not meeting the Province s standard of full and proper consultation Next the committee voted on the ten remaining names using ranked ballots to arrive at our final five choices On April 6 the Naming Committee held its final regular meeting 57 After a detailed review of the process from town staff the committee resolved a tie between two names by eliminating one of two finalists with very similar names Ultimately the 5 names selected to appear on the ballot were Hillandale Nerepis Valley Three Rivers Westfield and Grand Bay Westfield The voting period ran from April 13 to May 2 58 Residents and businesses within the boundaries of Entity 51 received a flyer in the mail with complete details including voting access keys for vote The ballot used preferential voting and was operated through the ElectionBuddy voting platform At the final meeting of the Naming Committee on May 4 2022 the winning named was revealed to be Grand Bay Westfield There were 2 165 votes cast with Grand Bay Westfield receiving at least 51 of the vote Pending approval by the province Grand Bay Westfield will come into effect as the name for the governing body of Entity 51 on Jan 1 2023 59 Prior to the official creation of the new local government of Grand Bay Westfield there will be a by election in the portion of the local service district of Westfield While Grand Bay Westfield s councillors are usually elected at large for the purposes of providing representation to the annexed portion of Westfield the town will be divided into two wards until the next quadrennial municipal election Ward 1 will include the current town of Grand Bay Westfield and Ward 2 will be the portion of the local service district LSD of Westfield 60 Beyond the addition of a portion of the adjacent LSD there will be other minor changes to the boundaries of Grand Bay Westfield These changes include some alterations along the county line the Loch Alva Wilderness Area and at Robin Hood Lake Demographics editIn the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada Grand Bay Westfield had a population of 4 967 living in 1 965 of its 2 031 total private dwellings a change of 0 1 from its 2016 population of 4 964 With a land area of 59 82 km2 23 10 sq mi it had a population density of 83 0 km2 215 1 sq mi in 2021 61 Transportation editRail edit nbsp Ice break up on tracks at Westfield 1936In 1869 the European and North American Railway Western Extension was opened through the area between Saint John and Vanceboro Maine The rail line changed ownership to the New Brunswick Railway before becoming part of the Canadian Pacific Railway mainline from Saint John to Montreal in the 1880s CPR established several stations through the area Grand Bay Pamdenec Epworth Park Ingleside Ononette Hillandale Westfield Beach Lingley Sagwa and Nerepis The rail line was sold in 1995 and is now operated as the New Brunswick Southern Railway Roads edit Route 177 is the town s main road called River Valley Drive in the Grand Bay section of town and Nerepis Road in the Westfield part Other main streets are Woolastook Drive which winds through the highlands of Grand Bay and Inglewood Drive is host to the Pamdenec Epworth Park Brandy Point amp Ingleside subdivisions on Grand Bay s shore front Also NB Route 102 which begins north of Fredericton ends in Westfield Highway 7 the main route from Saint John to Fredericton passes through the western extremity of the town In September 2008 part of the ground that supports the railway tracks were washed away after Hurricane Hannah Marine edit nbsp Westfield Wharf River Landing a former steamboat wharf beside the ferry crossing From 1816 to 1946 steamship transport was the primary means of both passenger and cargo transportation between Saint John and Fredericton Along the river various stopping places were established The area encompassed by the present town of Grand Bay Westfield included two such stops the Westfield Wharf and the Epworth Park Wharf The former was owned by the Provincial and later Federal governments for public use and eventually came to be repurposed as a ferry landing and boat launch after the steamboat traffic stopped The latter was privately owned and ceased to be maintained in the 1930s The town has a ferry landing at the end of Ferry Road in Westfield The Westfield Ferry a cable ferry route operated by the provincial Department of Transportation using a pair of ferries connects Westfield with the community of Hardings Point on the Kingston Peninsula There is a popular campground just a few feet from the Hardings Point ferry landing The Canadian Coast Guard maintains a seasonal summer only search and rescue station at Brundage Point near the Westfield ferry landing Inshore Rescue Boat Station Saint John IRB Station Saint John operates a Zodiac Hurricane 733 fast rescue craft in the lower Saint John River covering all areas downstream from Evandale to the Reversing Falls including the Kennebecasis River and Belleisle Bay IRB Station Saint John is tasked by Joint Rescue Coordination Centre Halifax Neighbourhoods editGrand Bay edit Grand Bay These three neighbourhoods areas around Murray St Thompson Rd amp Bayview Rd constitute the original village of Grand Bay It is the downtown core of the town Most businesses are located here and the area borders the city of Saint John Highlands Round Lake heavily wooded and very steep wind through the backlands and end at Round Lake Pamdenec The town hall and fire department are located here at 609 615 River Valley Drive Epworth Park Loyalist Captain John Hayter was granted 400 acres on land on the St John River and settled at what is now Epworth Park His brother William later built the first frame house near Epworth Park to which his brother John Hayter and his family moved when they left the log house which they had erected in 1783 62 About 1907 two Saint John Methodist Ministers Rev James Crisp and Rev Neil MacLaughlan hoped to establish a campground in the area similar to the Beulah Camp at Browns Flat Charles Hayter a descendant of John Hayter sold the pair a parcel of land near the river for 1500 which they named Epworth Park after the hometown of John Wesley the founder of the Methodist Church Cottages began to be built mainly for Methodist familiar from Saint John Eventually the Church campground idea was abandoned and families of various denominations started building summer cottages 63 Brandy Point Estates A suburban type neighbourhood built in the 1970s and 1980s Historically part of Epworth Park it is now much larger in population than Epworth Ingleside The last community before Milligan Brook before you enter Westfield Panoramic Estates This is a new neighbourhood being built just north of the Centrum Epworth Park Heights This neighbourhood is west of Epworth Park and is much higher Epworth Park Heights is very distinct from Epworth Park proper Beverly Hills amp Valley View Estates This growing neighbourhood is located off Woolastook Drive The streets of the area are characterized by extremely steep hills and dense woods Brookdale Heights A hilly neighbourhood on the edge of Milligan Brook Brookside Park is a small garden area located near the entrance to the neighbourhood Westfield edit Ononette In 1902 the name Ononette was given to the Canadian Pacific Railway station serving the area from Milligan Brook to the Inglewood Road 64 The name Ononette was given to the community by William Francis Ganong 65 Prior to 1902 the station had been named Riverbank 66 The name is derived from Pointe au Ognonette the Acadians name for Brandy Point Although Brandy Point had once been its own flag station on the Canadian Pacific Railway by 1898 the flag station and surrounding neighbourhood had been renamed Ingleside 67 Since he liked the name and it was no longer in use elsewhere Ganong reappropriated the name Ononette for the next station up the river Hillandale Formerly called Ballentine or Woolastook 65 Hillandale was the name given to the Canadian Pacific Railway station serving the area from Inglewood Road to the ferry landing at Brundage Point 68 Hillandale remains the name of a prominent road stretching all the way to the backlands but the name also saw a brief resurgence in popularity as a finalist on the ballot for the new town name during the Higgs Allain Local Governance Reforms 69 Westfield Beach In the 1800s this sandy stretch along the banks of the Wolastoq was a summer community for residents of Saint John The Westfield Beach station became a hub for two railways where one from Maine and the other from Fredericton joined here en route to Saint John Accordingly the Westfield Beach station was larger than others in the area housing a telegraph office and manicured park 70 Lingley Lingley was named for Peter and Mary Lingley Loyalists from New York State who established a large farm there This community extending from the mouth of the Nerepis River to the lower end of Chestnut Drive sustained more damage than any other during the Great Fire of 1921 71 Sagwa The entire community was part of the 6000 acre grant known as Glazier s Manor which was acquired by General John Coffin in 1783 72 Nerepis The railway station at Nerepis was only a shelter and quite small It was built on the downriver side of the beginning of the Brittain Road Boxcars were often left here on a siding near the station 73 This community around the former Nerepis Station commonly called Nerepis is not to be confused with the separate community of Nerepis which lies on the other side of the Nerepis River across the Brittain Road Bridge Nerepis is part of Grand Bay Westfield Municipal Symbols editGrand Bay 1973 edit The village of Grand Bay s 1973 crest featured four elements a sailboat a tree on a small hill and the letters G and B The sailboat would be reused in future iconography and remains the principal symbol for the town today The tree on the hill was presumably a reference to the former village of Pamdenec as the name Pamdenec means little hill 74 Grand Bay 1988 edit Upon incorporation as a town in 1988 the Grand Bay adopted a new logo The new crest featured an enlarged image of the same sailboat depicted on the original 1973 crest and featured the tagline A Community of Friends Westfield 1989 edit Westfield was the first New Brunswick municipality to be granted armorial bearings from the Sovereign through Her Majesty s Canadian Officers of Arms Early in 1988 it was suggested to the Village Council that a symbol be developed for use by the village Westfield s official request for a coat of arms was made to the Chief Herald of Canada by Mayor Kevin Thorne on behalf of the Council on October 25 1988 Following the development of design proposals by a committee of councillors the Westfield Council agreed on a proposed design and motto to be submitted on December 13 1988 23 Westfield received its Coat of Arms on June 30 1989 73 In Westfield s shield of arms the basic tinctures white and green and the green cross crosslets are taken from the arms of John Coffin The next device on the shield is the so called Tudor Rose with a yellow disc in the centre bearing the numeral 4 This is the same badge used on the tunic buttons of the Kings American Regiment In recognition of its service the regiment was placed on the British Army s regular establishment in 1782 and designated the 4th American Regiment hence the numeral in the centre of the rose This device was chosen because Ensign Henry Nase the first Loyalist settler of Westfield served in the unit for six years until it was disbanded in New Brunswick in 1783 Nase became a colonel in the New Brunswick militia a respected magistrate and a prominent churchman 23 Across the upper third of the shield there is a broad band known in heraldic terms as a chief In the Westfield arms this is coloured black with five heraldic representations of ermine tails to represent fur as a nod to the early French regime in the area Sieur of Martignon Martin D Arprendestiguy whose seigneury included the lands which would become Westfield made his living from the fur trade 23 The crest consists of a wreath of twisted cloth in the main colours of the shield white and green on which there sits a Loyalist coronet It consists of a gold rim inscribed with the motto UNITAS IMPERII or Unity of Empire The rim is topped with red Canadian maple and green English oak leaves From the coronet there rises an Eastern Panther The panther supports a staff which bears the Union Flag of 1707 under which the Loyalists fought in the American Revolution 23 The motto associated with the coat of arms is INTER AGROS ET FLUMINA HABITENS or Dwelling between fields and rivers in reference to the local geography 23 Grand Bay Westfield 1998 edit nbsp Sign for Westfield River Landing When the town of Grand Bay and village of Westfield amalgamated in 1998 the new town crest incorporated elements of both the Grand Bay logo and the painting featured on signs at the Westfield River Landing While the logo reused the Grand Bay motto A Community of Friends and generally resembled the town s 1988 logo the 1998 iteration added additional detail to the sailboat depicted and incorporated the Westfield Wharf and boat launch as a means of making Westfield residents feel included Grand Bay Westfield 2021 edit In March 2021 the town s new corporate branding and website were launched The new logo maintained the sailboat associated with both Grand Bay and Westfield since the 1970s but abstracted the icon into three simple shapes coloured yellow green and blue The new corporate branding also resulted in a new town motto Neighbours by Nature New welcome signs with the updated branding were installed on the town s southern border in May 2021 in advance of the new Council s term but the gradual rollout of the branding was put on hold until the impact of the Higgs Allain local governance reforms on town boundaries and identity was known citation needed Parks editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed February 2023 Learn how and when to remove this message Grand Bay Westfield has many parks from simple greenspace to ballfields and playgrounds They are listed below in geographical order from south to north Henderson Brook Nature Park A tiny new park Henderson Brook is a great place to watch beavers and birds It is located on Shannon Road Southwood Park playground at corner of Bayview Road and Cavalier Lane Inglewood School playground and baseball diamond Grand Bay Primary School playground and fieldspace Grand Bay Tennis Courts 3 regulation sized tennis courts located at the corner of Inglewood Drive and Pamdenec Road Pamdenec Place The former location of the Tennis Courts now a simple park setting accessible from Pamdenec Road and Frederick Street Lions Field On Inglewood Drive near Broad Street two ballfields and a playground Epworth Park Field green space at corner of Central Avenue and Smith Lane River Valley Middle School Baseball field soccer field football field and as of summer 2008 a running and walking track Brookside Park A small sitting area near the corner of Brookdale Avenue and Woolastook Drive Unity Park Could be considered the town s commons this park was created to symbolize the joining of the two communities It is located next to Milligan Brook where the former boundary was corner of Nerepis Road and Mullen Lane The small stage is used in the summer for events every Wednesday including children s nights folk music local talent etc Westfield School A large playground Brundage Point Westfield River Landing Located at Ferry Road and Brundage Point Road Notable people editMain article List of people from Kings County New Brunswick John Coffin Judge and army officer Anna McNulty YouTuberSee also editThe Grand Bay Body of Water Amalgamations of New Brunswick Fundy River Valley provincial electoral district New Brunswick School District 08 New Brunswick Southwest federal electoral district List of communities in New BrunswickNotes edit Often called Westfield West to distinguish it from the portion on the Kingston Peninsula and Kennebecasis Island the LSD legally included both References edit Contact Information Town of Grand Bay Westfield Retrieved August 16 2019 Census Profile 2016 Census Grand Bay Westfield New Brunswick Statistics Canada Retrieved August 16 2019 Census Profile 2021 Census Grand Bay Westfield New Brunswick Statistics Canada Retrieved April 18 2021 a b Rayburn Alan 1975 Geographic Names of New Brunswick Ottawa Ontario Department of Energy Mines and Resources p 288 Rayburn Alan 1975 Toponomy Study 2 Geographical Names of New Brunswick Ottawa Ontario Surveys and Mapping Branch Department of Energy Mines and Resources p 121 a b c Ganong William F 1896 A Monograph of the Place Nomenclature of the Province of New Brunswick Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada II 2 198 via Canadiana a b Place Names of New Brunswick Where is Home New Brunswick Communities Past and Present Grand Bay Provincial Archives of New Brunswick Retrieved 2022 07 12 Land Acknowledgement Grand Bay Westfield 2021 06 03 Retrieved 2022 07 07 a b Hamilton W D 1984 04 04 Indian Lands in New Brunswick The Case of the Little South West Reserve Acadiensis 13 2 3 Peace and Friendship Treaties www rcaanc cirnac gc ca Government of Canada Crown Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada 2010 09 15 Retrieved 2022 07 07 Perry Brad 2021 09 14 Town Adds Indigenous Names to Street Signs Country 94 Retrieved 2022 07 10 Old Portage Trail Head Grand Bay Westfield 2021 04 22 Retrieved 2022 07 25 John Clarence Webster 1934 Acadia At the End of the 17th Century The New Brunswick Museum Publication Saint John NB pp 90 91 a b Fort Nerepis National Historic Site of Canada www pc gc ca Retrieved 2022 07 10 John Clarence Webster 1934 Acadia At the End of the 17th Century The New Brunswick Museum Publication Saint John NB pp 212 213 Municipal Heritage Trail Panels Grand Bay Westfield 2021 05 14 2010 12 01 p 8 Retrieved 2022 07 10 Discover the Saint John Region on the Bay of Fundy Your Official Community Curated Handbook on History and Culture PDF Discover Saint John Envision Saint John p 4 Retrieved 2022 08 01 Glass Marlo 2022 03 27 Wolastoqey name proposed to replace Grand Bay Westfield Telegraph Journal Retrieved 2022 07 31 Council Strategic Plan 2021 2025 PDF Grand Bay Westfield Transitional Solutions Inc 2021 p 4 Did you know PDF Grand Bay Westfield Heritage p 1 Retrieved 2022 08 01 de Champlain Samuel 2018 2005 The Project Gutenberg EBook of Oeuvres de Champlain Project Gutenberg p 171 Discover the Saint John Region on the Bay of Fundy Your Official Community Curated Handbook on History and Culture PDF Discover Saint John Envision Saint John p 5 Retrieved 2022 08 01 a b c d e f Aiton Linda 1989 Ceremony of Presentation of Letters Patent Granting Armorial Bearings to the Village of Westfield New Brunswick in the Presence of His Honour the Honourable Gilbert Finn Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick on Friday June 30 1989 7 00 p m Westfield New Brunswick Village of Westfield pp 1 4 Discover the Saint John Region on the Bay of Fundy Your Official Community Curated Handbook on History and Culture PDF Discover Saint John Envision Saint John p 6 Retrieved 2022 08 01 Wright Esther Clark 1966 The St John River and Its Tributaries p 94 Taylor David The Belyea Family PDF Grand Bay Westfield Heritage p 8 Retrieved 2022 08 01 Bell David 2013 Loyalist Rebellion in New Brunswick A Defining Conflict for Canada s Political Culture Halifax Nova Scotia Formac Publishing Company Limited pp 8 11 ISBN 978 1 4595 0277 2 a b c Discover the Saint John Region on the Bay of Fundy Your Official Community Curated Handbook on History and Culture PDF Discover Saint John Envision Saint John p 8 Retrieved 2022 08 01 Historic Places Grand Bay Westfield Heritage Retrieved 2022 08 01 a b c Riddell Ray 2011 Early Settlers of Grand Bay Westfield PDF Grand Bay Westfield Heritage Retrieved 2022 08 01 a b Cormier E F Skip 1997 A Community of Communities Creating a Stronger Future Local Government Options for the Greater Saint John Area New Brunswick Department of Municipalities Culture and Housing p 45 a b c d e Whalen H J Hugh Joseph 1964 The development of local government in New Brunswick Internet Archive Fredericton New Brunswick Department of Municipal Affairs p 26 The Royal Gazette 14 January 1948 pp 13 14 The Royal Gazette 29 October 1952 p 29 The Royal Gazette 24 March 1965 p 123 The Royal Gazette 12 November 1952 pp 309 310 The Royal Gazette 13 February 1957 p 63 6 March 1957 p 90 4 February 1959 p 61 Municipalities Act SNB 1966 1 c 20 Canadian Legal Information Institute 1966 p 75 Retrieved 2022 07 06 New Villages Incorporated Moncton Times Moncton New Brunswick November 17 1972 p 3 Retrieved 2022 07 06 Regulation 72 137 under the Municipalities Act O C 72 867 The Royal Gazette 130 Fredericton 927 22 November 1972 Finn Jean Guy 2008 Building Stronger Local Governments and Regions An Action Plan for the Future of Local Governance in New Brunswick Report of the Commissioner on the Future of Local Governance PDF New Brunswick p 86 ISBN 978 1 55471 179 6 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Cormier E F Skip 1997 A Community of Communities Creating a Stronger Future Local Government Options for the Greater Saint John Area New Brunswick Department of Municipalities Culture and Housing p 23 E F Skip Cormier 1997 A Community of Communities Creating a Stronger Future Local Government Options for the Greater Saint John Area New Brunswick Department of Municipalities Housing and Culture pp 70 71 Trueman Mac 1996 11 20 Uniting suburbs Saint John like merging Hong Kong and Red China Resident Telegraph Journal p 3 Retrieved 2022 07 07 Finn Jean Guy 2008 Building Stronger Local Governments and Regions An Action Plan for the Future of Local Governance in New Brunswick Report of the Commissioner on the Future of Local Governance PDF New Brunwick p 88 ISBN 978 1 55471 179 6 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Cormier E F Skip 1997 A Community of Communities Creating a Stronger Future Local Government Options for the Greater Saint John Area New Brunswick Department of Municipalities Culture and Housing pp 21 23 a b Working together for vibrant and sustainable communities White Paper PDF Fredericton New Brunswick Province of New Brunswick 2021 p 11 ISBN 978 1 4605 2957 7 Retrieved 2022 07 06 Woodard Payge 2022 07 10 Scenery history and a bird inspired new municipal names Times amp Transcript Retrieved 2022 07 10 Taylor Jon 2022 04 16 How Entity 51 will get its new name Telegraph Journal Retrieved 2022 07 06 Town Council and Local Service District LSD Transition Committee Representatives approve naming process of Entity 51 Grand Bay Westfield 2022 02 17 Retrieved 2022 07 06 Regular Council Meeting of February 28 2022 retrieved 2022 07 06 Naming Committee Members of Entity 51 Appointed Grand Bay Westfield 2022 03 01 Retrieved 2022 07 06 Naming Committee of Entity 51 Meeting of March 2 2022 retrieved 2022 07 06 a b The Naming Committee of Entity 51 wants to hear from you Submit your name ideas for Entity 51 Grand Bay Westfield 2022 03 09 Retrieved 2022 07 06 Perry Brad 2022 03 31 More Than 100 Names Suggested for Entity 51 Country 94 Retrieved 2022 07 06 Guiding principles for geographical naming Canada ca 2021 04 28 Retrieved 2022 07 06 Naming Committee of Entity 51 Meeting of April 6 2022 retrieved 2022 07 06 Voting details for the naming of Entity 51 Grand Bay Westfield 2022 04 12 Retrieved 2022 07 06 Sutherland Marie 2022 05 06 Grand Bay Westfield has chosen its new name and it s Grand Bay Westfield CBC New Brunswick Retrieved 2022 07 06 Virtual information sessions for Grand Bay Westfield Ward 2 local government by election candidates Grand Bay Westfield 2022 09 20 Retrieved 2022 09 21 Population and dwelling counts Canada provinces and territories census divisions and census subdivisions municipalities New Brunswick Statistics Canada February 9 2022 Retrieved February 21 2022 Epworth Park Grand Bay Westfield 2021 04 22 Retrieved 2022 07 10 Municipal Heritage Trail Panels Grand Bay Westfield 2021 05 14 2010 12 01 p 4 Retrieved 2022 07 10 Ononette Grand Bay Westfield 2021 04 22 Retrieved 2022 07 06 a b Sutton Suzanne 1997 Westfield A History Told by Residents Village of Westfield Centennial McMillanLingley p 31 ISBN 0 9682862 0 8 Place Names of New Brunswick Where is Home New Brunswick Communities Past and Present Ononette Provincial Archives of New Brunswick Retrieved 2022 07 06 Place Names of New Brunswick Where is Home New Brunswick Communities Past and Present Ingleside Provincial Archives of New Brunswick Retrieved 2022 07 06 Hillandale Grand Bay Westfield 2021 04 22 Retrieved 2022 07 06 Glass Marlo 2022 04 07 Three River Names shortlisted for Grand Bay Westfield entity Telegraph Journal Retrieved 2022 07 10 Westfield Beach Grand Bay Westfield 2021 04 22 Retrieved 2022 07 06 Lingley Grand Bay Westfield 2021 04 22 Retrieved 2022 07 06 Sagwa Grand Bay Westfield 2021 04 22 Retrieved 2022 07 06 a b Nerepis Grand Bay Westfield 2021 04 22 Retrieved 2022 07 06 Ganong W F 1906 Additions and Corrections to Monographs on the Place Nomenclature Cartography Historic Sites Boundaries and Settlement origins of the Province of New Brunswick Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada Second Series Vol 12 Section 2 p 40 Retrieved 25 July 2015External links editTown of Grand Bay Westfield Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Grand Bay Westfield amp oldid 1197301773, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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