Graham, Anderson, Probst & White (GAP&W) was a Chicagoarchitectural firm that was founded in 1912 as Graham, Burnham & Co. This firm was the successor to D. H. Burnham & Co. through Daniel Burnham's surviving partner, Ernest R. Graham, and Burnham's sons, Hubert Burnham and Daniel Burnham Jr. In 1917, the Burnhams left to form their own practice, which eventually became Burnham Brothers, and Graham and the remaining members of Graham, Burnham & Co. – Graham, (William) Peirce Anderson, Edward Mathias Probst, and Howard Judson White – formed the resulting practice. The firm also employed Victor Andre Matteson.
Graham, Anderson, Probst & White was the largest architectural firm under one roof during the first half of the twentieth century. The firm's importance to Chicago's architectural legacy cannot be overstated, nor can its connection to Burnham.
Anderson died in 1924, with Graham and White following just weeks apart in 1936. Surviving partner Edward M. Probst took over the firm, assisted by his sons Marvin Probst and Edward E. Probst.
After Mr. Probst's death in 1942, son Marvin G. Probst took over as firm president. Edward E. Probst left the firm about 1947. Just prior to Marvin Probst's death in 1970, the firm was sold to an employee, William R. Surman. From 1970 to 1993 William Surman was president of the firm. After his death in 1993, the practice was run by his son Robert Surman till the firm closed its doors in the fall of 2006.
Early on, Graham, Anderson, Probst & White became known for its classical taste and the elegance of its Beaux-Arts-inspired output, which Louis Sullivan decried as a stylistic throwback but which nonetheless withstood multiple generations of critics. Those early buildings are still popular favorites today. However, starting in 1923 with the firm's plans for the Merchandise Mart and the Straus Building, the practice soon began to move beyond the Beaux-Arts influence of Burnham and the City Beautiful movement to the bolder, starker Art Deco style with its streamlined forms. The firm's ultimate expression of the Art Deco style was found in its design of the 1931 Field Building (later known as the La Salle Bank Building), which was a commission from the estate of department store magnate Marshall Field. It was matched that year by Holabird and Root's equally stunning Chicago Board of Trade Building. After 1931, GAP&W for the most part stopped referencing the Beaux-Arts style.
Loyola University Chicago, Administrative Offices, Forest Park, IL 1991
2 East Erie, Chicago, IL 2002
Bethlehem Steel General Office Building (Former Headquarters until Martin Tower was built in the 1970s), Bethlehem, PA 1916. Currently vacant.
Architectural sculptureedit
Like most of the other prominent architectural firms of the early 20th Century, GAP&W frequently used sculpture to decorate its building designs. As was the custom of the era GAP&W had specific artists that they preferred to work with. One in particular was New Yorker Henry Hering, who created the sculptured pediment for the Civic Opera House; a variety of details for the Field Museum of Natural History, including a variation on the Erectheum porch; and the allegorical figures Day and Night for the Great Hall of the Chicago's Union Station. As the century progressed, the firm moved away from the classical style favored by Hering and used for the firm's earlier Beaux Arts buildings to more contemporary art deco styled work, such as that attributed to sculptor Frank Jirouch on Cleveland's Midland Building.
^ ab"From the Vault: 100 years ago, the Kansas City Fed got a brand-new home". Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. 2021-01-14. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
^ abcdePotter, Janet Greenstein (1996). Great American Railroad Stations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 202, 251, 294, 376, 389. ISBN978-0471143895.
^Chappell, Sally A. Kitt, Architecture and Planning of Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, 1912-1936: Transforming Traditions, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1992 p. 280
^"County Bank Opens in New Home Jan. 11". The Blue Island Sun-Standard. 89: 1. January 7, 1965.
Bach, Ira, Chicago On Foot: Walking Tours of Chicago's Architecture, Rand McNally & Company, Chicago 1979
Bach, Ira, editor, Chicago's Famous Buildings, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 1980
Chappell, Sally Kitt, Transforming Tradition: Architecture and Planning of Graham, Anderson, Probst and White, 1912–1936, University of Chicago Press, Chicago IL 1992
External linksedit
Graham Foundation
Artnet profile
January 01, 1970
graham, anderson, probst, white, chicago, architectural, firm, that, founded, 1912, graham, burnham, this, firm, successor, burnham, through, daniel, burnham, surviving, partner, ernest, graham, burnham, sons, hubert, burnham, daniel, burnham, 1917, burnhams, . Graham Anderson Probst amp White GAP amp W was a Chicago architectural firm that was founded in 1912 as Graham Burnham amp Co This firm was the successor to D H Burnham amp Co through Daniel Burnham s surviving partner Ernest R Graham and Burnham s sons Hubert Burnham and Daniel Burnham Jr In 1917 the Burnhams left to form their own practice which eventually became Burnham Brothers and Graham and the remaining members of Graham Burnham amp Co Graham William Peirce Anderson Edward Mathias Probst and Howard Judson White formed the resulting practice The firm also employed Victor Andre Matteson Wrigley Building Chicago Contents 1 Background 2 Buildings 3 Architectural sculpture 4 Gallery 5 References 6 External linksBackground editGraham Anderson Probst amp White was the largest architectural firm under one roof during the first half of the twentieth century The firm s importance to Chicago s architectural legacy cannot be overstated nor can its connection to Burnham The firm was headquartered in Burnham s own Railway Exchange Building In part from its connection to Burnham the firm captured the majority of the big commissions from 1912 to 1936 including such iconic works as the Wrigley Building Merchandise Mart Field Museum Shedd Aquarium Civic Opera House Chicago Fed and the former central Chicago post office Its only close rival was the equally prolific Holabird and Root GAP amp W also created the iconic Terminal Tower in Cleveland and Federal Reserve Bank in Kansas City 1 Anderson died in 1924 with Graham and White following just weeks apart in 1936 Surviving partner Edward M Probst took over the firm assisted by his sons Marvin Probst and Edward E Probst After Mr Probst s death in 1942 son Marvin G Probst took over as firm president Edward E Probst left the firm about 1947 Just prior to Marvin Probst s death in 1970 the firm was sold to an employee William R Surman From 1970 to 1993 William Surman was president of the firm After his death in 1993 the practice was run by his son Robert Surman till the firm closed its doors in the fall of 2006 Early on Graham Anderson Probst amp White became known for its classical taste and the elegance of its Beaux Arts inspired output which Louis Sullivan decried as a stylistic throwback but which nonetheless withstood multiple generations of critics Those early buildings are still popular favorites today However starting in 1923 with the firm s plans for the Merchandise Mart and the Straus Building the practice soon began to move beyond the Beaux Arts influence of Burnham and the City Beautiful movement to the bolder starker Art Deco style with its streamlined forms The firm s ultimate expression of the Art Deco style was found in its design of the 1931 Field Building later known as the La Salle Bank Building which was a commission from the estate of department store magnate Marshall Field It was matched that year by Holabird and Root s equally stunning Chicago Board of Trade Building After 1931 GAP amp W for the most part stopped referencing the Beaux Arts style Buildings editField Museum of Natural History D H Burnham amp Co 1909 12 Graham Burnham amp Co 1912 17 GAP amp W 1917 20 Conway Building 1913 D H Burnham amp Co and Graham Burnham amp Co Continental and Commercial Bank Building 1914 as Graham Burnham amp Co Marshall Field amp Co Annex and northeast section of main store 1914 as Graham Burnham amp Co Union Station Chicago 225 South Canal Street 1913 25 begun as Graham Burnham amp Co 2 Kimball Building a k a DePaul University Lewis Center 1917 Wrigley Building 1919 1925 Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Building 925 Grand 1921 1 Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Building 1922 Butler Brothers Warehouse Building 1922 7 E Redwood Ave Baltimore MD fmr Citizens National Bank of Baltimore Building a k a Union Citizens National Bank 3 1922 Belknap Hardware and Manufacturing Building 101 23 East Main Street Louisville KY now known as Waterside Building 1923 Straus Building a k a Continental National Insurance Building 1923 24 Merchandise Mart 1923 31 Illinois Merchants Bank Building a k a Continental Illinois Bank Building 1924 Chesapeake amp Ohio Railway Passenger and Freight Stations Carter Avenue between 10th and 11th Streets Ashland Kentucky 1925 2 John G Shedd Aquarium 1925 1931 Pittsfield Building 1926 1927 State Line Generating Plant 1926 29 Terminal Tower Public Square Cleveland 1926 1930 2 Builders Building a k a 222 N La Salle St 1927 208 W Washington St Chicago a k a Concord City Centre 1927 Civic Opera House Chicago 1927 1929 30th Street Station Philadelphia 1927 1933 Insurance Exchange Building south section 1928 State Bank of Chicago Building 1928 Museum of Science and Industry Chicago reconstruction 1928 1940 Foreman State National Bank Building 1930 Suburban Station 16th Street at John Fitzgerald Kennedy Boulevard Philadelphia 1930 2 Chicago Burlington amp Quincy Railroad Depot South 10th Street Omaha Nebraska renovation 1930 2 Field Building a k a La Salle National Bank Building 1931 Mayflower Manor Apartments Akron 1931 La Rabida Children s Hospital and Research Center 1931 U S Post Office Central Office Chicago 1932 Chicago Historical Society Building 1932 Hurley Hall University of Notre Dame 1932 Reyniers Life Building University of Notre Dame 1947 Edens Plaza Wilmette Illinois 1956 Morton Salt Headquarters 1956 61 American Dental Association Building 1965 County Bank and Trust Co Building Blue Island IL 1965 4 Hayes Haley Hall University of Notre Dame 1968 CNA Center Chicago 1972 1973 Motorola World Headquarters Schaumburg IL 1973 Illinois State Library Springfield IL 1990 5 Loyola University Chicago Administrative Offices Forest Park IL 1991 2 East Erie Chicago IL 2002 Bethlehem Steel General Office Building Former Headquarters until Martin Tower was built in the 1970s Bethlehem PA 1916 Currently vacant Architectural sculpture editLike most of the other prominent architectural firms of the early 20th Century GAP amp W frequently used sculpture to decorate its building designs As was the custom of the era GAP amp W had specific artists that they preferred to work with One in particular was New Yorker Henry Hering who created the sculptured pediment for the Civic Opera House a variety of details for the Field Museum of Natural History including a variation on the Erectheum porch and the allegorical figures Day and Night for the Great Hall of the Chicago s Union Station As the century progressed the firm moved away from the classical style favored by Hering and used for the firm s earlier Beaux Arts buildings to more contemporary art deco styled work such as that attributed to sculptor Frank Jirouch on Cleveland s Midland Building Gallery edit nbsp Merchandise Mart Chicago nbsp The Terminal Tower in Cleveland Ohio nbsp Field Museum Chicago nbsp Bryant Building Kansas City Missouri nbsp Federal Reserve Bankof Kansas City nbsp Civic Opera House Chicago nbsp Main Office Building Inland Steel Co East Chicago Indiana nbsp Railway Exchange Building Chicago Illinois nbsp Shedd Aquarium Chicago Illinois nbsp Suburban Station Philadelphia Pennsylvania nbsp County Bank and Trust Co building Blue Island ILReferences edit a b From the Vault 100 years ago the Kansas City Fed got a brand new home Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City 2021 01 14 Retrieved 2024 02 07 a b c d e Potter Janet Greenstein 1996 Great American Railroad Stations New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc pp 202 251 294 376 389 ISBN 978 0471143895 Chappell Sally A Kitt Architecture and Planning of Graham Anderson Probst amp White 1912 1936 Transforming Traditions The University of Chicago Press Chicago 1992 p 280 County Bank Opens in New Home Jan 11 The Blue Island Sun Standard 89 1 January 7 1965 History of the Illinois State Library https www cyberdriveillinois com departments library about library history html Bach Ira Chicago On Foot Walking Tours of Chicago s Architecture Rand McNally amp Company Chicago 1979 Bach Ira editor Chicago s Famous Buildings University of Chicago Press Chicago Illinois 1980 Chappell Sally Kitt Transforming Tradition Architecture and Planning of Graham Anderson Probst and White 1912 1936 University of Chicago Press Chicago IL 1992External links editGraham Foundation Artnet profile Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Graham Anderson Probst 26 White amp oldid 1204739112, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
