Glacial erratic boulders are found in especially large quantities in Estonia. Most of the boulders greater than 30 metres in circumference found in northern Europe are in Estonia, which has 62 known boulders of this size. Some particular large ones have been found in the sea, including some near Osmussaar that are 100 metres diameter. The Osmussaar boulders are believed to have been pushed there by glaciers from the Neugrund meteorite crater.[3]
The Estonian boulders were important in the development of the idea that northern Europe was once covered in glaciers. The first to suggest that the boulders were moved by glaciers was Russian mineralogist Vasily Severgin who was led to this conclusion by their similarity to Finnish basement rock at the very early date of 1815. However, Severgin was later to retract this theory in favour of the drift theory of Charles Lyell who believed they had been carried by icebergs. However, in the following years of the 19th century the glaciation theory slowly gained the ascendancy.[3]
List of bouldersedit
Ehalkivi (Sunset Glow Boulder) near Letipea is the largest erratic boulder in the glaciation area of North Europe. It has a height of 7 m, circumference of 48.2 m, a volume of 930 m3 and a mass of approximately 2,500 tonnes.
The Kabelikivi is the second largest erratic boulder in Estonia, situated in Muuga, Viimsi Parish. It is 18.7 m long, 14.9 m wide and 6.4 m high, above ground volume is 728 m³.
The Aruküla Rock (Estonian: Aruküla hiidrahn) is a glacial erratic on the field of Aruküla, situated in Harju County, Estonia. It has a circumference of 35.2 m, height of 6.2 m.
^Katrina Z. S. Schwartz, Nature and National Identity After Communism, University of Pittsburgh Press, p. 224, ISBN9780822973140
^Rob Smurr (2002), Nationalizing Nature: the history, preservation and meaning of glacial erratic boulders in Estonia
^ abAnto Raukos, "Evolution of the theory of continental glaciation in northern and eastern Europe" in R. H. Grapes, D. R. Oldroyd, A. Grigelis (eds), History of Geomorphology and Quaternary Geology, pp. 79-86, Geological Society of London, 2008 ISBN1862392552.
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glacial, erratic, boulders, estonia, large, boulders, rock, which, have, been, formed, moved, into, estonia, glacial, action, during, previous, ages, before, soviet, occupation, estonia, these, large, boulders, were, symbol, national, identity, they, registere. Glacial erratic boulders of Estonia are large boulders of rock which have been formed and moved into Estonia by glacial action during previous ice ages Before the Soviet occupation of Estonia these large boulders were a symbol of national identity 1 They are now registered and protected by the Estonian government 2 The Letipea boulder Ehalkivi in 2009Glacial erratic boulders are found in especially large quantities in Estonia Most of the boulders greater than 30 metres in circumference found in northern Europe are in Estonia which has 62 known boulders of this size Some particular large ones have been found in the sea including some near Osmussaar that are 100 metres diameter The Osmussaar boulders are believed to have been pushed there by glaciers from the Neugrund meteorite crater 3 The Estonian boulders were important in the development of the idea that northern Europe was once covered in glaciers The first to suggest that the boulders were moved by glaciers was Russian mineralogist Vasily Severgin who was led to this conclusion by their similarity to Finnish basement rock at the very early date of 1815 However Severgin was later to retract this theory in favour of the drift theory of Charles Lyell who believed they had been carried by icebergs However in the following years of the 19th century the glaciation theory slowly gained the ascendancy 3 List of boulders editEhalkivi Sunset Glow Boulder near Letipea is the largest erratic boulder in the glaciation area of North Europe It has a height of 7 m circumference of 48 2 m a volume of 930 m3 and a mass of approximately 2 500 tonnes 59 32 59 N 26 35 15 E 59 5498 N 26 5876 E 59 5498 26 5876 nbsp The Kabelikivi is the second largest erratic boulder in Estonia situated in Muuga Viimsi Parish It is 18 7 m long 14 9 m wide and 6 4 m high above ground volume is 728 m nbsp The Arukula Rock Estonian Arukula hiidrahn is a glacial erratic on the field of Arukula situated in Harju County Estonia It has a circumference of 35 2 m height of 6 2 m 59 12 50 N 25 24 18 E 59 2140 N 25 4049 E 59 2140 25 4049 nbsp Assaku Noiakivi Located in AssakuHelgikivi Situated in Kahu Torva Parish Valga County Helmersen Rock Field Located in Hiiu ParishTubala boulder 58 57 37 N 22 46 18 E 58 9602 N 22 7718 E 58 9602 22 7718 nbsp Rock of Uku Located in Harju County Saue Parish Muusika villageVaindloo Boulder Located in VaindlooReferences edit Katrina Z S Schwartz Nature and National Identity After Communism University of Pittsburgh Press p 224 ISBN 9780822973140 Rob Smurr 2002 Nationalizing Nature the history preservation and meaning of glacial erratic boulders in Estonia a b Anto Raukos Evolution of the theory of continental glaciation in northern and eastern Europe in R H Grapes D R Oldroyd A Grigelis eds History of Geomorphology and Quaternary Geology pp 79 86 Geological Society of London 2008 ISBN 1862392552 nbsp This Estonia related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Glacial erratic boulders of Estonia amp oldid 1086013778, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
