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Diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Kazakhstan were established in 1991 after Kazakhstan gained independence from the former Soviet Union.[1] Ethnic Germans and ethnic Kazakhs have a shared history dating back to World War II when ethnic Germans living in the Volga region of Russia were relocated or imprisoned in the eastern steppe of the Soviet Union in what is today the territory of Kazakhstan.[2] At the collapse of the former Soviet Union, about one million ethnic Germans lived in Kazakhstan.[3]
Germany and Kazakhstan have a robust framework in place for promoting and maintaining cultural exchange and people to people ties.[4]
Economic relationsedit
Over 1450 companies with German capital, including joint ventures, representations of German companies and banks, are registered in Kazakhstan.[5] Over 900 German enterprises actively operate in Kazakhstan, including Heidelberg Cement, Daimler, Volkswagen, MAN, Siemens, Knauf, RWE, Bayer, BASF, Bosch, METRO, etc.[5]
Germany was one of the first countries to extend export credits under a bilateral arrangement to Kazakhstan in 1992 to support German manufacturers and modernize Kazakhstan's market economy.[6] Bilateral trade between the two countries amounted to EUR 4 billion in 2016.[1] The trade turnover between Kazakhstan and Germany, which experienced a decline in 2014-2016 due to the economic crisis, almost reached its pre-crisis level in 2017. The total trade between Kazakhstan and Germany in 2017 amounted to 4 billion 856 million euros, which is 81.3% of Germany's trade turnover with the Central Asian countries.[5]
A large part of foreign investments in Kazakhstan originates from Germany. Foreign direct investments (FDI) to Kazakhstan from Germany exceeded $183 million in 2018. The FDI were directed mainly into trade, industry and renewable energy.[7]
Climate Diplomacyedit
The Green Central Asia Initiative is an initiative of Germany to align and advance policies on climate and security in Kazakhstan and other regional nations.[8]
German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier noted in a July 2017 visit to Astana that German-Kazakh relations had grown closer and broader over the past 25 years.[10] The German President conducted his visit to participate in the National Day of Germany at the EXPO-2017. During his visit, the German President met with his Kazakh counterpart Nursultan Nazarbayev to discuss the countries' cooperation in economy, technology and education.[5]
^Erlanger, Steven (9 May 1993). "Germany Pays to Keep Ethnic Germans in Russia". The New York Times.
^Brown, Andrew J. (June 2005). "Kazakhstan: A Eurasian Volk in the Twilight of Diaspora". Europe-Asia Studies. 57 (4): 625. doi:10.1080/09668130500105290. S2CID 154278084.
^"Germany and Kazakhstan: Bilateral Relations". Federal Foreign Office auswaertiges.
^ abcd"Казахстан и Германия нацелены на укрепление стратегического партнерства". mfa.gov.kz/.
^. CA&CC Press. 2003. Archived from the original on 2020-06-05. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
^"Foreign direct investments to Kazakhstan from Germany exceeded $183mn in 2018". inform.kz. 15 April 2019.
^"Joint Declaration of Intent of the high-level Green Central Asia conference". green-central-asia.net.
^ ab"Deepening partnership with Kazakhstan". bundeskanzlerin.de. 18 July 2010.
^"Germany, Kazakhstan strengthen ties at Expo Astana 2017". EFE.
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This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments a violation of Wikipedia s terms of use It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia s content policies particularly neutral point of view August 2021 This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Germany Kazakhstan relations news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Kazakhstan were established in 1991 after Kazakhstan gained independence from the former Soviet Union 1 Ethnic Germans and ethnic Kazakhs have a shared history dating back to World War II when ethnic Germans living in the Volga region of Russia were relocated or imprisoned in the eastern steppe of the Soviet Union in what is today the territory of Kazakhstan 2 At the collapse of the former Soviet Union about one million ethnic Germans lived in Kazakhstan 3 Germany Kazakhstan relationsGermany KazakhstanDiplomatic missionEmbassy of Germany AstanaEmbassy of Kazakhstan Berlin Embassy of Kazakhstan BerlinContents 1 Cultural Relations 2 Economic relations 3 Climate Diplomacy 4 State Visits 5 See also 6 ReferencesCultural Relations editGermany and Kazakhstan have a robust framework in place for promoting and maintaining cultural exchange and people to people ties 4 Economic relations editOver 1450 companies with German capital including joint ventures representations of German companies and banks are registered in Kazakhstan 5 Over 900 German enterprises actively operate in Kazakhstan including Heidelberg Cement Daimler Volkswagen MAN Siemens Knauf RWE Bayer BASF Bosch METRO etc 5 Germany was one of the first countries to extend export credits under a bilateral arrangement to Kazakhstan in 1992 to support German manufacturers and modernize Kazakhstan s market economy 6 Bilateral trade between the two countries amounted to EUR 4 billion in 2016 1 The trade turnover between Kazakhstan and Germany which experienced a decline in 2014 2016 due to the economic crisis almost reached its pre crisis level in 2017 The total trade between Kazakhstan and Germany in 2017 amounted to 4 billion 856 million euros which is 81 3 of Germany s trade turnover with the Central Asian countries 5 A large part of foreign investments in Kazakhstan originates from Germany Foreign direct investments FDI to Kazakhstan from Germany exceeded 183 million in 2018 The FDI were directed mainly into trade industry and renewable energy 7 Climate Diplomacy editThe Green Central Asia Initiative is an initiative of Germany to align and advance policies on climate and security in Kazakhstan and other regional nations 8 State Visits editGerman Chancellor Angela Merkel visited Kazakhstan in 2010 where she met with President Nursultan Nazarbayev to commence a more dynamic partnership with Kazakhstan 9 Merkel laid a wreath at the Otan Qorgaushylar Monument 9 an Astana monument to the fallen soldiers of the Great Patriotic War the Eastern Front of World War II German President Frank Walter Steinmeier noted in a July 2017 visit to Astana that German Kazakh relations had grown closer and broader over the past 25 years 10 The German President conducted his visit to participate in the National Day of Germany at the EXPO 2017 During his visit the German President met with his Kazakh counterpart Nursultan Nazarbayev to discuss the countries cooperation in economy technology and education 5 See also editGermans of KazakhstanReferences edit a b Kazakhstan German Foreign Ministry Erlanger Steven 9 May 1993 Germany Pays to Keep Ethnic Germans in Russia The New York Times Brown Andrew J June 2005 Kazakhstan A Eurasian Volk in the Twilight of Diaspora Europe Asia Studies 57 4 625 doi 10 1080 09668130500105290 S2CID 154278084 Germany and Kazakhstan Bilateral Relations Federal Foreign Office auswaertiges a b c d Kazahstan i Germaniya naceleny na ukreplenie strategicheskogo partnerstva mfa gov kz EUROPEAN UNION AND KAZAKHSTAN TRENDS IN TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION CA amp CC Press 2003 Archived from the original on 2020 06 05 Retrieved 2017 07 17 Foreign direct investments to Kazakhstan from Germany exceeded 183mn in 2018 inform kz 15 April 2019 Joint Declaration of Intent of the high level Green Central Asia conference green central asia net a b Deepening partnership with Kazakhstan bundeskanzlerin de 18 July 2010 Germany Kazakhstan strengthen ties at Expo Astana 2017 EFE Portals nbsp Politics nbsp Germany Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Germany Kazakhstan relations amp oldid 1188520041, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
