On May 21, 1895, the German diplomat to China Alfred Pelldram submitted a demand to the Qing Dynasty that as Germany had "forced Japan to return the Liaodong peninsula" during the First Sino-Japanese War, Germany was to be given the same special treatment as Britain, France, etc. Thus, on October 30, the Qing government delimited a swath of land of 1034 mu (about 380 acres) below the British concession of Tianjin.[1]
Conflict with the American "concession"edit
Former Wilhelm Street
Pelldram's drafted plans for the German concession included a small section under the British concession, present-day Xiaobailou Subdistrict.[2] The US consul in Tianjin at the time, Charles Denby Jr., protested, claiming that the district was under American jurisdiction, granted to the US for its role as mediator during the Convention of Peking in 1860. A few days after Denby submitted this letter to the US State Department, the Germans began constructing two roads connecting it to the British concession, which would pass through the American concession.[3] Ultimately, with Denby re-establishing a US presence through a newly formed patrol, the Germans staved off of the land.
Expansionedit
As a pretense to the Boxer Rebellion, a German ambassador was killed on the 20th of June, 1900, inflaming the Germans both abroad and back home, leading to a German army landing in China from Bremen. The subsequent intervention by the Eight Nations in the Boxer Rebellion was used as a precursor by Germany to force the Qing Dynasty to more than double the concession's size.[1]
Withdrawaledit
After the outbreak of World War One, in 1917, the Chinese government announced the occupation of the German concession, changing it to Tianjin Special Administrative Region No. 1 (Special No. 1 District). Germany agreed to undertake the terms stipulated under the Concessions in China clause in the Treaty of Versailles; save for Qingdao and other Japan-occupied territories in China, the Chinese government formally absorbed the German concession.[1]
Life in the concessionedit
While extant sources are rather scarce, foreign nationals in Tianjin fondly recalled the concession, with British journalist H.G.W. Woodhead claiming in 1934 that it had the finest residential facilities for foreigners.[1] Notable locations in the German concession included:
The German consulate, located at the northeast corner of the intersection of former Wilhelm Street and Monument Street;
The former German barracks, which garrisoned 1,400 troops (reduced to 1,200 in 1902);
Tianjin German club, designed by German architects Curt Rothkegel and Ruth Kegan, which became occupied by the American Red Cross after Germany's defeat in World War Two;
Kiessling Restaurant, opened by Albert Kiessling that served Western style baked goods and dishes;
and more. The Deutsch-Asiatische Bank was in charge of handling the concession's land-based matters and, for their "careful preparation [of the concession]", was well managed, according to former Italian consul of Tianjin Cesare Poma. Although most German firms ended up migrating to the commercially prosperous British concession, industries such as real estate, entertainment boomed; the concession also had some of the earliest electrical services in North China up until then.[4]
Galleryedit
German consulate of Tianjin
German barracks in Tianjin, now the site of Haihe Middle School
The German Club in Tianjin
Prince Heinrich visiting the German Club in Tianjin during a tour in 1898
Kiessling Restaurant
The European-esque residence of Liu Guanxiong, admiral of the Republic of China
^ abcdeMarinelli, Maurizio (2009). "Making concessions in Tianjin: heterotopia and Italian colonialism in mainland China". Urban History. 36 (3): 399–425. doi:10.1017/S0963926809990150. hdl:10453/17445. S2CID 54997408.
^Haiyan, Liu (2019). "历史的尴尬：天津美租界的划分、形成与消失 [The Embarrassment of History: The Division, Formation and Disappearance of the American Concession in Tianjin]". 天津师范大学学报：社会科学版 [Social Science Journal of Tianjin Normal University] (in Chinese) (3). Retrieved December 27, 2022.
^Nuzzo, Luigi (2018). "The Birth of an Imperial Location: Comparative Perspectives on Western Colonialism in China". Leiden Journal of International Law. 31 (3): 20–28. doi:10.1017/S0922156518000274. S2CID 149638274.
^Lu, Qi (2015). "The Hai River waterfront: a framework for revitalizing the foreign concession landscape in Tianjin". Ball State University Journal of Landscape Architecture: 35.
January 01, 1970
german, concession, tianjin, chinese, 天津德租界, territory, concession, central, tianjin, existing, from, 1895, 1917, 天津德租界1895, 1917flagstatusconcession, german, empirehistory, tianjin, treaty, port, concession, agreement1895, repossession, into, republic, china1. The German concession of Tianjin Chinese 天津德租界 was a territory concession in central Tianjin existing from 1895 to 1917 1 German concession of Tianjin天津德租界1895 1917FlagStatusConcession of the German EmpireHistory Tianjin Treaty Port Concession Agreement1895 Repossession into the Republic of China1917Preceded by Succeeded by Qing Dynasty Republic of China 1912 1949 Contents 1 History 1 1 Establishment 1 1 1 Conflict with the American concession 1 2 Expansion 1 3 Withdrawal 2 Life in the concession 3 Gallery 4 List of Consuls 5 See also 6 ReferencesHistory editEstablishment edit On May 21 1895 the German diplomat to China Alfred Pelldram submitted a demand to the Qing Dynasty that as Germany had forced Japan to return the Liaodong peninsula during the First Sino Japanese War Germany was to be given the same special treatment as Britain France etc Thus on October 30 the Qing government delimited a swath of land of 1034 mu about 380 acres below the British concession of Tianjin 1 Conflict with the American concession edit nbsp Former Wilhelm Street Pelldram s drafted plans for the German concession included a small section under the British concession present day Xiaobailou Subdistrict 2 The US consul in Tianjin at the time Charles Denby Jr protested claiming that the district was under American jurisdiction granted to the US for its role as mediator during the Convention of Peking in 1860 A few days after Denby submitted this letter to the US State Department the Germans began constructing two roads connecting it to the British concession which would pass through the American concession 3 Ultimately with Denby re establishing a US presence through a newly formed patrol the Germans staved off of the land Expansion edit As a pretense to the Boxer Rebellion a German ambassador was killed on the 20th of June 1900 inflaming the Germans both abroad and back home leading to a German army landing in China from Bremen The subsequent intervention by the Eight Nations in the Boxer Rebellion was used as a precursor by Germany to force the Qing Dynasty to more than double the concession s size 1 Withdrawal edit After the outbreak of World War One in 1917 the Chinese government announced the occupation of the German concession changing it to Tianjin Special Administrative Region No 1 Special No 1 District Germany agreed to undertake the terms stipulated under the Concessions in China clause in the Treaty of Versailles save for Qingdao and other Japan occupied territories in China the Chinese government formally absorbed the German concession 1 Life in the concession editWhile extant sources are rather scarce foreign nationals in Tianjin fondly recalled the concession with British journalist H G W Woodhead claiming in 1934 that it had the finest residential facilities for foreigners 1 Notable locations in the German concession included The German consulate located at the northeast corner of the intersection of former Wilhelm Street and Monument Street The former German barracks which garrisoned 1 400 troops reduced to 1 200 in 1902 Tianjin German club designed by German architects Curt Rothkegel and Ruth Kegan which became occupied by the American Red Cross after Germany s defeat in World War Two Kiessling Restaurant opened by Albert Kiessling that served Western style baked goods and dishes The old residences of Zhang Xun and Liu Guanxiong and more The Deutsch Asiatische Bank was in charge of handling the concession s land based matters and for their careful preparation of the concession was well managed according to former Italian consul of Tianjin Cesare Poma Although most German firms ended up migrating to the commercially prosperous British concession industries such as real estate entertainment boomed the concession also had some of the earliest electrical services in North China up until then 4 Gallery edit nbsp German consulate of Tianjin nbsp German barracks in Tianjin now the site of Haihe Middle School nbsp The German Club in Tianjin nbsp Prince Heinrich visiting the German Club in Tianjin during a tour in 1898 nbsp Kiessling Restaurant nbsp The European esque residence of Liu Guanxiong admiral of the Republic of China nbsp Residence of warlord Zhang XunList of Consuls editAlfred Pelldram 1881 1885 Albert Evan Edwin Reinhold Freiherr von Seckendorff 1889 1896 Dr Rudolf Eiswaldt 1896 1900 Arthur Zimmermann 1900 1902 Paul Max von Eckardt 1902 1905 Hubert von Knipping 1906 1913 Fritz Wendschuch 1913 1917 See also editConcessions in Tianjin Concessions of China Map of concessions in Tianjin in Chinese Belgian colonial empire List of former foreign enclaves in ChinaReferences edit a b c d e Marinelli Maurizio 2009 Making concessions in Tianjin heterotopia and Italian colonialism in mainland China Urban History 36 3 399 425 doi 10 1017 S0963926809990150 hdl 10453 17445 S2CID 54997408 Haiyan Liu 2019 历史的尴尬 天津美租界的划分 形成与消失 The Embarrassment of History The Division Formation and Disappearance of the American Concession in Tianjin 天津师范大学学报 社会科学版 Social Science Journal of Tianjin Normal University in Chinese 3 Retrieved December 27 2022 Nuzzo Luigi 2018 The Birth of an Imperial Location Comparative Perspectives on Western Colonialism in China Leiden Journal of International Law 31 3 20 28 doi 10 1017 S0922156518000274 S2CID 149638274 Lu Qi 2015 The Hai River waterfront a framework for revitalizing the foreign concession landscape in Tianjin Ball State University Journal of Landscape Architecture 35 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title German concession of Tianjin amp oldid 1209774146, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
