The aircraft carrierII was a proposed conversion project for the incomplete French cruiser De Grasse. The ship was laid down in November 1938 and lay incomplete in the Arsenal de Lorient shipyard when Germany invaded France in May 1940. In 1942, Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine decided to convert the cruiser into an auxiliary aircraft carrier with a capacity for twenty-three fighters and dive bombers. Work ceased in February 1943, however, due to concerns with the ship's design, a severe shortage of material and labor, and the threat of Allied bombing raids. The ship was eventually completed as an anti-aircraft cruiser in 1956 by the French Navy.
The French cruiser De Grasse was laid down at the Arsenal de Lorient shipyard in Lorient on 28 August 1939; work was temporarily halted on 3 September following the outbreak of World War II, but was resumed on 28 September. Work on the unfinished ship stopped a second time on 10 June during the final stage of the German conquest of France in May–June 1940. By that time, the ship was twenty-eight percent complete. The Germans occupied the shipyard on 22 June and initially planned on completing the hull so it could be launched to clear the slipway.[1]
In 1942, the Kriegsmarine considered several proposals to convert the cruiser into an auxiliary aircraft carrier, and the final proposal was completed by August. Accounts of the conversion work differ; according to the German historian Erich Gröner, work began soon after but was cancelled by February 1943. But the historians John Jordan and Jean Moulin state that work was delayed until late 1943 owing to delivery delays for the equipment required to complete the vessel. They also note that the French shipyard workers had little interest in completing a warship for their German occupiers and worked slowly. the project had been abandoned, for several reasons. The shipyard suffered from a shortage of labor and materials, and the design staff had significant concerns over the arrangement of the engine system. The Allies also posed a serious threat, as Lorient was well within the range of Allied bombers, and the ship was hit twice by bombs while under German control.[1][2]
The ship was eventually retaken by the French Navy after the port was liberated on 9 May 1945 and it was discovered that the shipyard workers had hidden significant quantities of material in her double bottom, rather than work them into the ship.[1] She was finally launched in 1946,[2] and was ultimately completed in 1956 as an anti-aircraft cruiser.[3]
Characteristicsedit
Drawing of the Bf-109T fighter that would have been carried by the ship
The converted ship would have been 180.4 m (591 ft 10 in) long at the waterline and 192.5 m (631 ft 7 in) long overall. She would have had a beam of 24.4 m (80 ft 1 in) and a draft of 5.6 m (18 ft 4 in) as designed. Her designed displacement would have been 11,400 long tons (11,600 t). The ship's propulsion system consisted of two sets of Rateau-Bretagne geared steam turbines, with steam supplied by four Indret ultra-high-pressure water-tube boilers. The engines were rated at 10,000 shaft horsepower (7,500 kW) and would have provided a top speed of 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph). The carrier would have had a range of 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at a cruising speed of 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph).[4]
As converted, the ship was to be armed with several types of anti-aircraft guns. The heavy anti-aircraft battery consisted of twelve 10.5 cm (4.1 in) SK C/33 guns in twin mountings.[2] The mounts were the Dopp LC/31 type, originally designed for earlier 8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK C/31 guns. The LC/31 mounting was triaxially stabilized and capable of elevating to 80°. This enabled the guns to engage targets up to a ceiling of 12,500 m (41,000 ft). Against surface targets, the guns had a maximum range of 17,700 m (58,100 ft). The guns fired fixed ammunition weighing 15.1 kg (33 lb); the guns could fire HE and HE incendiary rounds, as well as illumination shells.[5] Close-range anti-aircraft weaponry consisted of twelve 3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 guns and twenty-four 2 cm (0.79 in) Flak 38 guns.[2] The 3.7 cm gun was a single-shot gun, with a rate of fire of around 30 rounds per minute. At its maximum elevation of 85°, the gun had a ceiling of 6,800 m (22,300 ft). The 2 cm gun was a magazine-fed automatic weapon, firing at up to 500 rounds per minute. Twenty and forty-round magazines were supplied for the guns.[6]
The ship's aircraft facilities consisted of a 177.5 m (582 ft) long, 24 m (79 ft) wide flight deck and two elevators. Aircraft were handled in a single hangar, which was 142 m (466 ft) long and 18.6 m (61 ft) wide. The ship's air complement was to have consisted of eleven Bf 109fighters and twelve Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers.[2] The Bf 109 fighters were a navalized version of the "E" model, designated as Bf 109T. Their wings were longer than the land-based model to allow for shorter take-off.[7] The Ju 87s were to have been the "E" variant, which was a navalized version of the Ju 87D, and were modified for catapult launches and were equipped with arresting gear.[8]
Caldwell, Donald & Muller, Richard (2007). The Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich. London: MBI Publishing Company. ISBN978-1-85367-712-0.
Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War II. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN978-0-87021-459-2.
Gröner, Erich (1990). German Warships: 1815–1945. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN978-0-87021-790-6.
Jordan, John & Moulin, Jean (2013). French Cruisers 1922 - 1956. Yorkshire: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN978-1-84832-133-5.
Kay, Antony K. & Couper, Paul (2004). Junkers Aircraft and Engines, 1913–1945. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN978-0-85177-985-0.
Sieche, Erwin (1992). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 218–254. ISBN978-0-85177-146-5.
Further readingedit
Schenk, Peter (2008). "German Aircraft Carrier Developments". Warship International. Toledo: International Naval Research Organization. 45 (2): 129–158. ISSN 0043-0374. OCLC 1647131.
October 28, 2023
german, aircraft, carrier, aircraft, carrier, proposed, conversion, project, incomplete, french, cruiser, grasse, ship, laid, down, november, 1938, incomplete, arsenal, lorient, shipyard, when, germany, invaded, france, 1940, 1942, nazi, germany, kriegsmarine,. The aircraft carrier II was a proposed conversion project for the incomplete French cruiser De Grasse The ship was laid down in November 1938 and lay incomplete in the Arsenal de Lorient shipyard when Germany invaded France in May 1940 In 1942 Nazi Germany s Kriegsmarine decided to convert the cruiser into an auxiliary aircraft carrier with a capacity for twenty three fighters and dive bombers Work ceased in February 1943 however due to concerns with the ship s design a severe shortage of material and labor and the threat of Allied bombing raids The ship was eventually completed as an anti aircraft cruiser in 1956 by the French Navy Plan and profile drawing of the final designClass overviewNameIIBuildersArsenal de LorientPreceded byJade classSucceeded byNonePlanned1Cancelled1General characteristicsTypeLight aircraft carrierDisplacementDesign 11 400 long tons 11 600 t Length192 5 m 631 ft 7 in loa Beam24 4 m 80 ft 1 in Draft5 6 m 18 ft 4 in Installed power4 Indret water tube boilers 10 000 shp 7 500 kW Propulsion2 Rateau Bretagne steam turbines 2 screw propellersSpeed32 kn 59 km h 37 mph RangeAt 19 kn 35 km h 22 mph 7 000 nmi 13 000 km 8 100 mi Armament12 10 5 cm 4 1 in AA guns 12 37 mm 1 5 in AA guns 24 20 mm 0 79 in AA gunsAircraft carried12 Ju 87E 11 BF 109TAviation facilities1 hangar 2 elevators Contents 1 Design 1 1 Characteristics 2 Notes 3 References 4 Further readingDesign editThe French cruiser De Grasse was laid down at the Arsenal de Lorient shipyard in Lorient on 28 August 1939 work was temporarily halted on 3 September following the outbreak of World War II but was resumed on 28 September Work on the unfinished ship stopped a second time on 10 June during the final stage of the German conquest of France in May June 1940 By that time the ship was twenty eight percent complete The Germans occupied the shipyard on 22 June and initially planned on completing the hull so it could be launched to clear the slipway 1 In 1942 the Kriegsmarine considered several proposals to convert the cruiser into an auxiliary aircraft carrier and the final proposal was completed by August Accounts of the conversion work differ according to the German historian Erich Groner work began soon after but was cancelled by February 1943 But the historians John Jordan and Jean Moulin state that work was delayed until late 1943 owing to delivery delays for the equipment required to complete the vessel They also note that the French shipyard workers had little interest in completing a warship for their German occupiers and worked slowly the project had been abandoned for several reasons The shipyard suffered from a shortage of labor and materials and the design staff had significant concerns over the arrangement of the engine system The Allies also posed a serious threat as Lorient was well within the range of Allied bombers and the ship was hit twice by bombs while under German control 1 2 The ship was eventually retaken by the French Navy after the port was liberated on 9 May 1945 and it was discovered that the shipyard workers had hidden significant quantities of material in her double bottom rather than work them into the ship 1 She was finally launched in 1946 2 and was ultimately completed in 1956 as an anti aircraft cruiser 3 Characteristics edit nbsp Drawing of the Bf 109T fighter that would have been carried by the shipThe converted ship would have been 180 4 m 591 ft 10 in long at the waterline and 192 5 m 631 ft 7 in long overall She would have had a beam of 24 4 m 80 ft 1 in and a draft of 5 6 m 18 ft 4 in as designed Her designed displacement would have been 11 400 long tons 11 600 t The ship s propulsion system consisted of two sets of Rateau Bretagne geared steam turbines with steam supplied by four Indret ultra high pressure water tube boilers The engines were rated at 10 000 shaft horsepower 7 500 kW and would have provided a top speed of 32 knots 59 km h 37 mph The carrier would have had a range of 7 000 nautical miles 13 000 km 8 100 mi at a cruising speed of 19 knots 35 km h 22 mph 4 As converted the ship was to be armed with several types of anti aircraft guns The heavy anti aircraft battery consisted of twelve 10 5 cm 4 1 in SK C 33 guns in twin mountings 2 The mounts were the Dopp LC 31 type originally designed for earlier 8 8 cm 3 5 in SK C 31 guns The LC 31 mounting was triaxially stabilized and capable of elevating to 80 This enabled the guns to engage targets up to a ceiling of 12 500 m 41 000 ft Against surface targets the guns had a maximum range of 17 700 m 58 100 ft The guns fired fixed ammunition weighing 15 1 kg 33 lb the guns could fire HE and HE incendiary rounds as well as illumination shells 5 Close range anti aircraft weaponry consisted of twelve 3 7 cm 1 5 in SK C 30 guns and twenty four 2 cm 0 79 in Flak 38 guns 2 The 3 7 cm gun was a single shot gun with a rate of fire of around 30 rounds per minute At its maximum elevation of 85 the gun had a ceiling of 6 800 m 22 300 ft The 2 cm gun was a magazine fed automatic weapon firing at up to 500 rounds per minute Twenty and forty round magazines were supplied for the guns 6 The ship s aircraft facilities consisted of a 177 5 m 582 ft long 24 m 79 ft wide flight deck and two elevators Aircraft were handled in a single hangar which was 142 m 466 ft long and 18 6 m 61 ft wide The ship s air complement was to have consisted of eleven Bf 109 fighters and twelve Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers 2 The Bf 109 fighters were a navalized version of the E model designated as Bf 109T Their wings were longer than the land based model to allow for shorter take off 7 The Ju 87s were to have been the E variant which was a navalized version of the Ju 87D and were modified for catapult launches and were equipped with arresting gear 8 Notes edit a b c Jordan amp Moulin p 146 a b c d e Groner p 77 Sieche p 266 Groner pp 76 77 Campbell pp 247 248 Campbell pp 256 258 Caldwell amp Muller p 80 Kay amp Couper p 157 References editCaldwell Donald amp Muller Richard 2007 The Luftwaffe Over Germany Defense of the Reich London MBI Publishing Company ISBN 978 1 85367 712 0 Campbell John 1985 Naval Weapons of World War II London Conway Maritime Press ISBN 978 0 87021 459 2 Groner Erich 1990 German Warships 1815 1945 Vol I Major Surface Vessels Annapolis Naval Institute Press ISBN 978 0 87021 790 6 Jordan John amp Moulin Jean 2013 French Cruisers 1922 1956 Yorkshire Seaforth Publishing ISBN 978 1 84832 133 5 Kay Antony K amp Couper Paul 2004 Junkers Aircraft and Engines 1913 1945 Annapolis Naval Institute Press ISBN 978 0 85177 985 0 Sieche Erwin 1992 Germany In Gardiner Robert Chesneau Roger eds Conway s All the World s Fighting Ships 1922 1946 London Conway Maritime Press pp 218 254 ISBN 978 0 85177 146 5 Further reading editSchenk Peter 2008 German Aircraft Carrier Developments Warship International Toledo International Naval Research Organization 45 2 129 158 ISSN 0043 0374 OCLC 1647131 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title German aircraft carrier II amp oldid 1142811091, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
