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Gerard Antoni Ciołek

February 22, 2023

Gerard Ciołek (24 September 1909 – 15 February 1966) was a Polish architect, as well as a leading historian of parks and gardens.

Gerard Ciołek, Tatra Mountains, Poland, mid-1950s, a photo from the collection of Dr T. Matthew Ciolek.

Biography

Gerard Antoni Ciołek was born in Wyżnica, a small town in the Austro-Hungarian Duchy of Bukovina (in present-day Ukraine). His parents, Adolf and Ludwika (née Melz) Ciołek were from Galicia and Bukovina [1]. His father was a high-ranking official at the Austrian Tax Office, first in Kuty, then in nearby Wyżnica in Carpathia. Following the end of World War I, and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Wyżnica was incorporated into Romania.

In 1921, the Ciołeks and their two children left Bukovina for the newly established Republic of Poland, and settled in the southern city of Lublin.

In 1929, on graduating from the Stanisław Staszic Lycee in Lublin , Gerard Ciołek embarked on tertiary studies in the country's capital, Warsaw. Initially he intended to take up drawing and painting (especially "en plein air" watercolours) at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts (Akademia Sztuk Pięknych). Eventually, however, he chose to study architecture at the Warsaw University of Technology (Politechnika Warszawska).

In the mid-1930s, Ciołek was a research assistant to professor Oskar Sosnowski at the Politechnika Warszawska, a man under whom he deepened his studies on Polish folk architecture, and the conservation of architectural heritage. Around 1937 he developed an interest in the history and design of parks and gardens. He was also interested in town-planning, regional planning, and in the harmony between human settlements and their fragile ecologies.

In June 1939, he married Regina Najder (1917–2005) from an extensive family of aristocrats, landowners, railway and sugar refinery engineers, doctors, and businessmen from Kiev and south-western Ukraine, which was then part of the Russian empire.

At the beginning of World War II, in September 1939, Ciołek served in the Polish Army as a Second Lieutenant (2Lt) in an air-defense unit in Wilno. Between 1940–1944, during the Nazi and Soviet occupation, he lived in German-held Warszawa where he joined the Armia Krajowa ("Polish Home Army"). For his pseudonym, while in the Resistance, he chose "Biała" (his clan's battle-cry) .

He was a lecturer in architecture and town planning at the now-banned, underground Politechnika Warszawska. In early 1944, he earned his Ph.D. for his research on the effect of the physical environment on the forms of villages and folk architecture in Poland, Belarus and Ukraine. In August–September 1944 he took part in the Warsaw Uprising, where he was in charge of the defense of the Krasiński Library (Biblioteka Ordynacji Krasińskich w Warszawie) building, and took part in the battle for the German SS-held PAST skyscraper. Following the defeat of the uprising he was interned in POW camps in Pomerania, and near Lübeck (northern Germany). After the end of World War II in Europe, and a brief tour of duty with the 1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland) (1 Samodzielna Brygada Spadochronowa – SBS) stationed in north-western Germany, he returned to Poland in December 1945. He was reunited with his wife and son, Krzysztof Oskar Ciołek (1940–1953) in Olsztyn.

The family returned to Warsaw. Between 1946 and his death in 1966, Ciołek lectured at the Institute of Architecture at the Politechnika Warszawska. From 1948 he was also professor of Urban Planning and Landscape Design at the Cracow University of Technology (Politechnika Krakowska). In the early-1950s he co-designed a tourist chalet in the Tatra Mountains, the 'Schronisko Górskie PTTK w Dolinie Pięciu Stawów Polskich', which opened in 1954.

During those 20 years of work in Kraków and Warsaw he taught students, supervised roughly fourteen Doctoral dissertations, worked on the reconstruction of over 100 historical parks in Poland that included sites in Arkadia, Baranów Sandomierski, Krasiczyn, Lubartów, Nieborów, Rogalin, as well as the Royal Park in Wilanów [3])). He was a member of the State Council for the Nature Conservation ('Panstwowa Rada Ochrony Przyrody', PROP), as well as served on the Boards of Directors of the Tatra National Park and the Pieniny National Park. He authored more than 60 research papers and books.

His groundbreaking work, Ogrody Polskie (Gardens of Poland), was published in 1954. In 1958, Ciołek was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta ('Krzyz Kawalerski Orderu Odrodzenia Polski'). In 1965, he embarked on two of his largest projects yet: a history of monastic architecture in Poland over the past 1,000 years; and an encyclopaedia of world gardens and garden design.

However, he died the following year, aged 56, while skiing in the Tatra Mountains, without completing this final work. His unpublished research is archived as the Teki Ciołka (Ciołek files) here.

Selected publications

  • Ciołek, Gerard. 1954. Ogrody polskie. T. 1, Przemiany treści i formy (Gardens of Poland. Vol. 1, Transformations of form and content). Warszawa: Budownictwo i Architektura.
  • Ciołek, Gerard. 1955. Zarys historii kompozycji ogrodowej w Polsce (An outline of the history of garden and park design in Poland). Materially do projektowania. No. 4. Łódz-Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawawnictwo Naukowe.
  • Ciołek, Gerard. 1964. Zarys ochrony i kształtowania krajobrazu (An outline of principles of landscape formation and conservation). Warszawa: Arkady.

Posthumous publications

  • Ciołek, Gerard. 1978. Ogrody polskie. Revised edition of the 1954 publication under the same title, updated and expanded by Janusz Bogdanowski.
  • Ciołek, Gerard. 1984. Regionalizm w budownictwie wiejskim w Polsce (Regionalism in Polish folk architecture). Kraków: Politechnika Krakowska. Doctoral dissertation completed in Warsaw, spring of 1944, 2 vols.

See also

  • See also, in Polish Wikipedia, a parallel though not identical entry Gerard Ciołek.
  • See also, via an external link, the complete bibliography of Gerard Ciołek's publications.

References

(in chronological order)

  • Wielka Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN. 1963–1970. G. Ciołek. Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
  • Wejchert, Kazimierz and Jan Zachwatowicz. 1966. Gerard Ciołek. Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki, vol. XI (1966). pp. 233–245.
  • Miłoszewski, Stanisław. 1966. [title not known, a note about Gerard Ciołek]. Ochrona Zabytków, vol. XIX(1) (1966). pp. 6–8.
  • Gajek, Józef. 1967. Prof. dr. inz. Gerard Ciołek. Lud, vol. LI, pt 1. Wrocław: Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze (PTL) (1967). pp. 228–230.
  • Miłoszewski, Stanisław. 1968. Expertyza zbioru materiałów dokumentacyjnych i naukowych pozostających po prof. G. Ciołku [Expert evaluation of scholarly and documentary materials left by Prof. G. Ciołek]. (1968). Maszynopis [a manuscript]. Warszawa: Osrodek Dokumentacji Zabytkow.
  • Kwiatkowski, L. 1971. Materially dokumentacyjne parków i ogrodów w Polsce zawarte w Tekach Ciołka [Documentation of parks and gardens in Poland – materials contained in the Ciołek Files]. pp. 14–21. w: Konserwacja zabytkowych parków i ogrodów w Polsce. Wrocław.
  • Lenard, Barbara. 1976. Parki i ogrody Polskie – sesja naukowa poswięcona pamięci Prof. Gerarda Ciołka. [Polish parks and gardens – a scientific meeting dedicated to the memory of Prof Dr Gerard Ciołek], Ochrona Zabytków, 1976, no 4, pp. 346–347.
  • Bogdanowski, Janusz. 1978. Słowo od redaktora wznowienia. w: Ciołek. G. 1978. Ogrody polskie. [A word from the editor of the updated and expanded edition. in: Ciołek. G. 1978. Gardens of Poland]. Warszawa: Arkady. pp. 296. [photographs, plans].
  • Jankowska, Marta. 1981. Gerard Ciołek – badacz i konserwator ogrodów zabytkowych. [Gerard Ciolek – researcher and conservator of historic gardens] Warszawa: Ośrodek Informacji PP Pracownie Konserwacji Zabytków (PKZ), 97 pp. [incl. bibliog., pp. 70–75].
  • Rączka, Jan Władyslaw. 1981. Znaczenie pracy Gerarda Ciołka w badaniach budownictwa i osadnictwa wiejskiego w Polsce. pp. 136–155 [The significance of Gerard Ciołek research on folk architecture and settlement patterns in Poland]. w: Materiały pokonferencyjne z II Ogólnopolskiego Sympozjum Architektury Regionalnej PAN, Kraków – Zakopane 1981. [powiel. przez Polit. Krak.] Kraków: Politechnika Krakowska.
  • Rączka, Jan Władyslaw. 1984. Nota biograficzna. pp. 5–9. [A biographical note] w: Ciołek, Gerard. 1984. Regionalizm w budownictwie wiejskim w Polsce [Regionalism in Polish folk architecture]. Kraków: Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki.
  • Lenard, Barbara. 1986. Gerard Ciołek – w dwudziestą rocznicę śmierci. [Gerard Ciołek – on the 20th anniversary of his death], Ochrona Zabytków, 1986,no 1, pp. 52–53.
  • Łuczynska-Bruzda, Maria (red.). 1989. Gerard Ciołek 1909–1966, professor-architekt: wspomnienia, kontynuacje myśli. [Gerard Ciolek 1909–1966, Professor of Architecture: reminiscences, continuation of the school of thought]. Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, 0860-097X, 90 pp. [incl. bibliog. of the main works by G. Ciołek, pp. 49–56].
  • Holewinski, Mirosław. 1990. Rozdział 2 – Życie i naukowa działalność Profesora Gerarda Ciołek (1909–1966). w: Naukowe podstawy konserwacji zabytków w Polsce. [Chapter 2 – The life and professional activities of Professor Gerard Ciołek (1909–1966), in: The scholarly basis of conservation of monuments of culture in Poland]. Resortowe Problemy Badań Podstawowych RPBP I/11 (temat C.1.6.3./88-90/). Kraków: Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki.
  • Holewinski, Mirosław. 1996. Professor Gerard Ciołek (1909–1966) współtwórca polskiej szkoły rewaloryzacji zabytkowych założen ogrodowych [Professor Gerard Ciołek : Co-Creator of the Polish School of Revalorization of Monumental Garden Complexes]. Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury, XXVII (1996) [PL ISSN 0079-3450], pp. 43–60.
  • WIEM: Wielka Internetowa Encyklopedia Multimedialna. 2000. Ciołek Gerard. Kraków: Fogra.
  • Kowalik, Tomasz. 2003. Przede wszystkim nie szkodzić – 75 lat Ligi Ochrony Przyrody. "Przyroda Polska", no. 1/2003.
  • Paryska, Zofia i Witold Paryski. 2004. "Ciołek Gerard", in: Wielka Encyklopedia Tatrzańska Internetowa. [6]
  • Zarząd Stowarzyszenia Wychowanków Gimnazjum i Liceum im. Stanisława Staszica w Lublinie. 2007. Gerard Ciołek (1909–1966), in: Wybitni Absolwenci I Liceum Ogolnokształcącego im. Stanisława Staszica w Lublinie. [The eminent alumni of the Stanisław Staszic Lycee in Lublin]
  • Ciołek, Tadeusz Maciej. 2019. Gerard Ciołek i przyjaciele: Kalendarium życia i pracy 25 pasterzy krajobrazu i zabytków [Gerard Ciołek and friends: a timeline of life and work of 25 shepherds of landscape and monuments]. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Krakowskiej. Two vols., total 800 pp. (a book in Polish).

February 22, 2023
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Gerard Ciolek 24 September 1909 15 February 1966 was a Polish architect as well as a leading historian of parks and gardens Gerard Ciolek Tatra Mountains Poland mid 1950s a photo from the collection of Dr T Matthew Ciolek Contents 1 Biography 2 Selected publications 3 Posthumous publications 4 See also 5 ReferencesBiography EditGerard Antoni Ciolek was born in Wyznica a small town in the Austro Hungarian Duchy of Bukovina in present day Ukraine His parents Adolf and Ludwika nee Melz Ciolek were from Galicia and Bukovina 1 His father was a high ranking official at the Austrian Tax Office first in Kuty then in nearby Wyznica in Carpathia Following the end of World War I and the collapse of the Austro Hungarian Empire Wyznica was incorporated into Romania In 1921 the Cioleks and their two children left Bukovina for the newly established Republic of Poland and settled in the southern city of Lublin In 1929 on graduating from the Stanislaw Staszic Lycee in Lublin 2 Gerard Ciolek embarked on tertiary studies in the country s capital Warsaw Initially he intended to take up drawing and painting especially en plein air watercolours at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts Akademia Sztuk Pieknych Eventually however he chose to study architecture at the Warsaw University of Technology Politechnika Warszawska In the mid 1930s Ciolek was a research assistant to professor Oskar Sosnowski at the Politechnika Warszawska a man under whom he deepened his studies on Polish folk architecture and the conservation of architectural heritage Around 1937 he developed an interest in the history and design of parks and gardens He was also interested in town planning regional planning and in the harmony between human settlements and their fragile ecologies In June 1939 he married Regina Najder 1917 2005 from an extensive family of aristocrats landowners railway and sugar refinery engineers doctors and businessmen from Kiev and south western Ukraine which was then part of the Russian empire At the beginning of World War II in September 1939 Ciolek served in the Polish Army as a Second Lieutenant 2Lt in an air defense unit in Wilno Between 1940 1944 during the Nazi and Soviet occupation he lived in German held Warszawa where he joined the Armia Krajowa Polish Home Army For his pseudonym while in the Resistance he chose Biala his clan s battle cry He was a lecturer in architecture and town planning at the now banned underground Politechnika Warszawska In early 1944 he earned his Ph D for his research on the effect of the physical environment on the forms of villages and folk architecture in Poland Belarus and Ukraine In August September 1944 he took part in the Warsaw Uprising where he was in charge of the defense of the Krasinski Library Biblioteka Ordynacji Krasinskich w Warszawie building and took part in the battle for the German SS held PAST skyscraper Following the defeat of the uprising he was interned in POW camps in Pomerania and near Lubeck northern Germany After the end of World War II in Europe and a brief tour of duty with the 1st Independent Parachute Brigade Poland 1 Samodzielna Brygada Spadochronowa SBS stationed in north western Germany he returned to Poland in December 1945 He was reunited with his wife and son Krzysztof Oskar Ciolek 1940 1953 in Olsztyn The family returned to Warsaw Between 1946 and his death in 1966 Ciolek lectured at the Institute of Architecture at the Politechnika Warszawska From 1948 he was also professor of Urban Planning and Landscape Design at the Cracow University of Technology Politechnika Krakowska In the early 1950s he co designed a tourist chalet in the Tatra Mountains the Schronisko Gorskie PTTK w Dolinie Pieciu Stawow Polskich which opened in 1954 During those 20 years of work in Krakow and Warsaw he taught students supervised roughly fourteen Doctoral dissertations worked on the reconstruction of over 100 historical parks in Poland that included sites in Arkadia Baranow Sandomierski Krasiczyn Lubartow Nieborow Rogalin as well as the Royal Park in Wilanow 3 He was a member of the State Council for the Nature Conservation Panstwowa Rada Ochrony Przyrody PROP as well as served on the Boards of Directors of the Tatra National Park and the Pieniny National Park He authored more than 60 research papers and books His groundbreaking work Ogrody Polskie Gardens of Poland was published in 1954 In 1958 Ciolek was awarded the Knight s Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta Krzyz Kawalerski Orderu Odrodzenia Polski 4 In 1965 he embarked on two of his largest projects yet a history of monastic architecture in Poland over the past 1 000 years and an encyclopaedia of world gardens and garden design However he died the following year aged 56 while skiing in the Tatra Mountains without completing this final work His unpublished research is archived as the Teki Ciolka Ciolek files here Selected publications EditCiolek Gerard 1954 Ogrody polskie T 1 Przemiany tresci i formy Gardens of Poland Vol 1 Transformations of form and content Warszawa Budownictwo i Architektura Ciolek Gerard 1955 Zarys historii kompozycji ogrodowej w Polsce An outline of the history of garden and park design in Poland Materially do projektowania No 4 Lodz Warszawa Panstwowe Wydawawnictwo Naukowe Ciolek Gerard 1964 Zarys ochrony i ksztaltowania krajobrazu An outline of principles of landscape formation and conservation Warszawa Arkady Posthumous publications EditCiolek Gerard 1978 Ogrody polskie Revised edition of the 1954 publication under the same title updated and expanded by Janusz Bogdanowski Ciolek Gerard 1984 Regionalizm w budownictwie wiejskim w Polsce Regionalism in Polish folk architecture Krakow Politechnika Krakowska Doctoral dissertation completed in Warsaw spring of 1944 2 vols See also EditSee also in Polish Wikipedia a parallel though not identical entry Gerard Ciolek See also via an external link the complete bibliography of Gerard Ciolek s publications References Edit in chronological order Wielka Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN 1963 1970 G Ciolek Warszawa Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wejchert Kazimierz and Jan Zachwatowicz 1966 Gerard Ciolek Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki vol XI 1966 pp 233 245 Miloszewski Stanislaw 1966 title not known a note about Gerard Ciolek Ochrona Zabytkow vol XIX 1 1966 pp 6 8 Gajek Jozef 1967 Prof dr inz Gerard Ciolek Lud vol LI pt 1 Wroclaw Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze PTL 1967 pp 228 230 Miloszewski Stanislaw 1968 Expertyza zbioru materialow dokumentacyjnych i naukowych pozostajacych po prof G Ciolku Expert evaluation of scholarly and documentary materials left by Prof G Ciolek 1968 Maszynopis a manuscript Warszawa Osrodek Dokumentacji Zabytkow Kwiatkowski L 1971 Materially dokumentacyjne parkow i ogrodow w Polsce zawarte w Tekach Ciolka Documentation of parks and gardens in Poland materials contained in the Ciolek Files pp 14 21 w Konserwacja zabytkowych parkow i ogrodow w Polsce Wroclaw Lenard Barbara 1976 Parki i ogrody Polskie sesja naukowa poswiecona pamieci Prof Gerarda Ciolka Polish parks and gardens a scientific meeting dedicated to the memory of Prof Dr Gerard Ciolek Ochrona Zabytkow 1976 no 4 pp 346 347 Bogdanowski Janusz 1978 Slowo od redaktora wznowienia w Ciolek G 1978 Ogrody polskie A word from the editor of the updated and expanded edition in Ciolek G 1978 Gardens of Poland Warszawa Arkady pp 296 photographs plans Jankowska Marta 1981 Gerard Ciolek badacz i konserwator ogrodow zabytkowych Gerard Ciolek researcher and conservator of historic gardens Warszawa Osrodek Informacji PP Pracownie Konserwacji Zabytkow PKZ 97 pp incl bibliog pp 70 75 Raczka Jan Wladyslaw 1981 Znaczenie pracy Gerarda Ciolka w badaniach budownictwa i osadnictwa wiejskiego w Polsce pp 136 155 The significance of Gerard Ciolek research on folk architecture and settlement patterns in Poland w Materialy pokonferencyjne z II Ogolnopolskiego Sympozjum Architektury Regionalnej PAN Krakow Zakopane 1981 powiel przez Polit Krak Krakow Politechnika Krakowska Raczka Jan Wladyslaw 1984 Nota biograficzna pp 5 9 A biographical note w Ciolek Gerard 1984 Regionalizm w budownictwie wiejskim w Polsce Regionalism in Polish folk architecture Krakow Politechnika Krakowska im Tadeusza Kosciuszki Lenard Barbara 1986 Gerard Ciolek w dwudziesta rocznice smierci Gerard Ciolek on the 20th anniversary of his death Ochrona Zabytkow 1986 no 1 pp 52 53 Luczynska Bruzda Maria red 1989 Gerard Ciolek 1909 1966 professor architekt wspomnienia kontynuacje mysli Gerard Ciolek 1909 1966 Professor of Architecture reminiscences continuation of the school of thought Politechnika Krakowska im Tadeusza Kosciuszki 0860 097X 90 pp incl bibliog of the main works by G Ciolek pp 49 56 Holewinski Miroslaw 1990 Rozdzial 2 Zycie i naukowa dzialalnosc Profesora Gerarda Ciolek 1909 1966 w Naukowe podstawy konserwacji zabytkow w Polsce Chapter 2 The life and professional activities of Professor Gerard Ciolek 1909 1966 in The scholarly basis of conservation of monuments of culture in Poland Resortowe Problemy Badan Podstawowych RPBP I 11 temat C 1 6 3 88 90 Krakow Wydzial Architektury Politechnika Krakowska im Tadeusza Kosciuszki Holewinski Miroslaw 1996 Professor Gerard Ciolek 1909 1966 wspoltworca polskiej szkoly rewaloryzacji zabytkowych zalozen ogrodowych Professor Gerard Ciolek Co Creator of the Polish School of Revalorization of Monumental Garden Complexes Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury XXVII 1996 PL ISSN 0079 3450 pp 43 60 WIEM Wielka Internetowa Encyklopedia Multimedialna 2000 Ciolek Gerard Krakow Fogra 5 Kowalik Tomasz 2003 Przede wszystkim nie szkodzic 75 lat Ligi Ochrony Przyrody Przyroda Polska no 1 2003 Paryska Zofia i Witold Paryski 2004 Ciolek Gerard in Wielka Encyklopedia Tatrzanska Internetowa 6 Zarzad Stowarzyszenia Wychowankow Gimnazjum i Liceum im Stanislawa Staszica w Lublinie 2007 Gerard Ciolek 1909 1966 in Wybitni Absolwenci I Liceum Ogolnoksztalcacego im Stanislawa Staszica w Lublinie The eminent alumni of the Stanislaw Staszic Lycee in Lublin 7 Ciolek Tadeusz Maciej 2019 Gerard Ciolek i przyjaciele Kalendarium zycia i pracy 25 pasterzy krajobrazu i zabytkow Gerard Ciolek and friends a timeline of life and work of 25 shepherds of landscape and monuments Krakow Wydawnictwo Politechniki Krakowskiej Two vols total 800 pp a book in Polish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gerard Antoni Ciolek amp oldid 1133210950, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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