Georges d'Aubusson de La Feuillade (1609 to 1697) was a French Catholic clergyman under Louis XIV, who served as Archbishop of Embrun (1649-1668), then Bishop of Metz (1669-1697). He also held a number of diplomatic posts and actively supported measures against French Huguenots; he died in May 1697 and was buried in Metz Cathedral.
His Grace
Georges d'Aubusson de la Feuillade, Bishop of Metz
Georges d'Aubusson de la Feuillade was born in 1609 near Aubusson, Creuse, second of five sons of François, Comte d'Aubusson (ca 1590 to 1632) and Isabeau Brachet de Pérusse.[1] Both his father and elder brother Leon (? to 1648) were senior aides to Gaston, Duke of Orléans (1608-1660), heir to the French throne until the birth of Louis XIV in 1638. He had three younger brothers, Gabriel-Bratchet (? to 1638), Paul (1622-1646) and François d'Aubusson de La Feuillade (1631 - 1691). Of his five sisters, Elizabeth (1624-1704) became Abbess of the convent of Sainte-Marie de la Règle in 1679 but little is known of the others, who all appear to have become nuns.[2]
Careeredit
Solignac, with Abbey in the background; Georges joined the Order here in 1639
The first half of the 17th century in France was a period of intense civil strife; the 1590 Edict of Nantes ended the French Wars of Religion but continued state persecution caused a series of Huguenot rebellions in the 1620s. This was followed by the 1635-1659 Franco-Spanish War, accompanied by an internal power struggle during the minority of Louis XIV that led to the 1648-1653 civil wars or Fronde. Their impact is reflected in the history of Georges's immediate family; his father was killed in 1632 at Castelnaudary, while three of his four brothers also died in battle, Leon at Lens in 1648, Gabriel-Brachet at Saint-Omer in 1638 and Paul at Mardyck in 1646.[3]
La Feuillade graduated from the Sorbonne university in April 1639 and joined Solignac Abbey; in 1645, he was nominated as one of the delegates from the Diocese of Limoges to the Assembly of the French clergy in Paris.[4] Control of the Assembly was an important political post, since the conflict between Protestant and Catholic was mirrored by internal divisions among French Catholics. Some were theological, like the dispute over Jansenism, others political, such as resisting demands by the regional Parlements that the Church pay taxes or the re-admission of Assembly members expelled by Cardinal Richelieu in 1641.[5]
As a sign of his growing stature, in September 1649 he was made Archbishop of Embrun, a Roman Catholic Archdiocese in an area historically dominated by Huguenots. During the Fronde des nobles (1650–1653), the La Feuillade brothers supported the Court party led by Louis XIV's mother, Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin. Georges was appointed President of the Assembly of Clergy in March 1651 and published an attack on Charles de Fiesque, a senior aide to Condé, one of the Fronde's leaders.[6] He reaped the benefit of his support for the Crown after October 1652 when the Fronde ended in a crushing defeat for its leaders.[7]
He served as Ambassador to the Republic of Venice (1659-1661), followed by Spain (1661-1669), after which he was appointed Bishop of Metz, a position he retained until his death in 1697. This was an important and sensitive position; Metz had been occupied by French troops since 1552 but officially remained part of the Holy Roman Empire until ceded to France in the 1648 Peace of Westphalia. He also published a number of tracts backing the policies of Louis XIV, including measures against French Protestants that culminated in the 1685 Edict of Fontainebleau and the French claim to the Spanish throne.
Allegedly senile in the last years of his life, a financial audit of the diocese after his death in 1697 showed that a large sum of money was missing. The report concluded this had been stolen by his nephew Louis d'Aubusson de La Feuillade; Louis XIV wanted to dismiss him from the army but a family connection, Louis de Pontchartrain, persuaded him not to do so.[8]
In his Mémoires written in the 1720s, Saint-Simon (1675-1755) describes the bishop as overly familiar and avaricious, although the accuracy of these comments is hard to assess. He was equally scathing in his assessment of François de La Feuillade, who died in 1691 when Saint Simon was 16 and in general, uniformly hostile to Louis XIV and his supporters, the majority of whom he dismissed as commoners.[9]
^Homs, George J (21 August 1631). "François III d'Aubusson, duc de La Feuillade". Geni.com. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
^Anselme, Augustin Dechauffé, Du Forny (1750). Histoire de la Maison Royale de France, et des grands officiers de la Couronne Volume V. Compagnie des Libraires. p. 349.
^Bergin, Joseph (2014). The Politics of Religion in Early Modern France. Yale University Press. pp. 151–153. ISBN978-0300207699.
^De la Feuliade, Georges d'Aubusson (1651). Response de Mgr l'archevesque et prince d'Ambrun [George d'Aubusson de La Feuillade], président de l'assemblée du clergé, faite à M. le comte de Fiesque, et autres gentils-hommes, envoyez à ladite assemblée, de la part de Messieurs de la noblesse, le mercredy 15 mars 1651. Paris: G le Rond.
^Tucker, Spencer C (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East 6V: A Global Chronology of Conflict [6 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 654. ISBN978-1851096671.
^Chapman, Sara (2004). Private Ambition and Political Alliances in Louis XIV's Government. University of Rochester Press. p. 29. ISBN1-58046-153-0.
^Fallon, Brian (20 November 1999). "Review of Duc de Saint-Simon: Memoirs, Vol.1: 1691-1709 edited and translated by Lucy Norton". The Irish Times. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
Sourcesedit
Anselme, Augustin Dechauffé & Du Forny; Histoire de la Maison Royale de France, et des grands officiers de la Couronne, Volume V; (Compagnie des Libraires, 1750);
Bergin, Joseph; The Politics of Religion in Early Modern France (Yale University Press, 2014);
Chapman, Sara (2004). Private Ambition and Political Alliances in Louis XIV's Government; (University of Rochester Press, 2004);
De la Feuliade, Georges d'Aubusson; Response de Mgr l'archevesque et prince d'Ambrun [George d'Aubusson de La Feuillade], président de l'assemblée du clergé, faite à M. le comte de Fiesque, et autres gentils-hommes, envoyez à ladite assemblée, de la part de Messieurs de la noblesse, le mercredy 15 mars 1651; (G le Rond, 1651);
Tucker, Spencer C; A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East: A Global Chronology of Conflict in 6 volumes; (ABC-CLIO, 2009);
External linksedit
Homs, George J (21 August 1631). "François III d'Aubusson, duc de La Feuillade". Geni.com. Retrieved 15 December 2018.;
Fallon, Brian (20 November 1999). "Review of Duc de Saint-Simon: Memoirs, Vol.1: 1691-1709 edited and translated by Lucy Norton". The Irish Times. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
georges, aubusson, feuillade, 1609, 1697, french, catholic, clergyman, under, louis, served, archbishop, embrun, 1649, 1668, then, bishop, metz, 1669, 1697, also, held, number, diplomatic, posts, actively, supported, measures, against, french, huguenots, died,. Georges d Aubusson de La Feuillade 1609 to 1697 was a French Catholic clergyman under Louis XIV who served as Archbishop of Embrun 1649 1668 then Bishop of Metz 1669 1697 He also held a number of diplomatic posts and actively supported measures against French Huguenots he died in May 1697 and was buried in Metz Cathedral His GraceGeorges d Aubusson de la Feuillade Bishop of MetzBishop of Metz 1669 to 1697Tomb of Georges d Aubusson de la Feuillade Metz CathedralChurchRoman CatholicDioceseDiocese of MetzElected1669PredecessorWilhelm Egon von FurstenbergSuccessorHenri Charles du Cambout de CoislinOther post s Church Offices Archbishop of Embrun 1649 1668 President Assembly of the French clergy 1651 Abbott Saint Barthelemy de Joyenval 1668 1697 Saint Loup de Troyes Ambassador of France Republic of Venice 1659 to 1661 Spain 1661 to 1667 Other Order of the Holy Spirit 1661OrdersConsecration12 September 1649Personal detailsBorn1609Aubusson CreuseDied 1697 05 12 12 May 1697MetzBuriedMetz CathedralDenominationRoman CatholicParentsFrancois Comte d Aubusson Isabeau Brachet de PerusseProfessionRoman Catholic bishopAlma materSorbonne Paris 1639 Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 References 4 Sources 5 External linksEarly life editGeorges d Aubusson de la Feuillade was born in 1609 near Aubusson Creuse second of five sons of Francois Comte d Aubusson ca 1590 to 1632 and Isabeau Brachet de Perusse 1 Both his father and elder brother Leon to 1648 were senior aides to Gaston Duke of Orleans 1608 1660 heir to the French throne until the birth of Louis XIV in 1638 He had three younger brothers Gabriel Bratchet to 1638 Paul 1622 1646 and Francois d Aubusson de La Feuillade 1631 1691 Of his five sisters Elizabeth 1624 1704 became Abbess of the convent of Sainte Marie de la Regle in 1679 but little is known of the others who all appear to have become nuns 2 Career edit nbsp Solignac with Abbey in the background Georges joined the Order here in 1639 The first half of the 17th century in France was a period of intense civil strife the 1590 Edict of Nantes ended the French Wars of Religion but continued state persecution caused a series of Huguenot rebellions in the 1620s This was followed by the 1635 1659 Franco Spanish War accompanied by an internal power struggle during the minority of Louis XIV that led to the 1648 1653 civil wars or Fronde Their impact is reflected in the history of Georges s immediate family his father was killed in 1632 at Castelnaudary while three of his four brothers also died in battle Leon at Lens in 1648 Gabriel Brachet at Saint Omer in 1638 and Paul at Mardyck in 1646 3 La Feuillade graduated from the Sorbonne university in April 1639 and joined Solignac Abbey in 1645 he was nominated as one of the delegates from the Diocese of Limoges to the Assembly of the French clergy in Paris 4 Control of the Assembly was an important political post since the conflict between Protestant and Catholic was mirrored by internal divisions among French Catholics Some were theological like the dispute over Jansenism others political such as resisting demands by the regional Parlements that the Church pay taxes or the re admission of Assembly members expelled by Cardinal Richelieu in 1641 5 nbsp Metz Cathedral Georges was Bishop of Metz 1669 1697 As a sign of his growing stature in September 1649 he was made Archbishop of Embrun a Roman Catholic Archdiocese in an area historically dominated by Huguenots During the Fronde des nobles 1650 1653 the La Feuillade brothers supported the Court party led by Louis XIV s mother Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin Georges was appointed President of the Assembly of Clergy in March 1651 and published an attack on Charles de Fiesque a senior aide to Conde one of the Fronde s leaders 6 He reaped the benefit of his support for the Crown after October 1652 when the Fronde ended in a crushing defeat for its leaders 7 He served as Ambassador to the Republic of Venice 1659 1661 followed by Spain 1661 1669 after which he was appointed Bishop of Metz a position he retained until his death in 1697 This was an important and sensitive position Metz had been occupied by French troops since 1552 but officially remained part of the Holy Roman Empire until ceded to France in the 1648 Peace of Westphalia He also published a number of tracts backing the policies of Louis XIV including measures against French Protestants that culminated in the 1685 Edict of Fontainebleau and the French claim to the Spanish throne Allegedly senile in the last years of his life a financial audit of the diocese after his death in 1697 showed that a large sum of money was missing The report concluded this had been stolen by his nephew Louis d Aubusson de La Feuillade Louis XIV wanted to dismiss him from the army but a family connection Louis de Pontchartrain persuaded him not to do so 8 In his Memoires written in the 1720s Saint Simon 1675 1755 describes the bishop as overly familiar and avaricious although the accuracy of these comments is hard to assess He was equally scathing in his assessment of Francois de La Feuillade who died in 1691 when Saint Simon was 16 and in general uniformly hostile to Louis XIV and his supporters the majority of whom he dismissed as commoners 9 nbsp Heraldic arms of de la FeuilladeReferences edit Homs George J 21 August 1631 Francois III d Aubusson duc de La Feuillade Geni com Retrieved 15 December 2018 Anselme Augustin Dechauffe Du Forny 1750 Histoire de la Maison Royale de France et des grands officiers de la Couronne Volume V Compagnie des Libraires p 349 Anselme amp Du Forny p 347 Anselme amp Du Forny p 348 Bergin Joseph 2014 The Politics of Religion in Early Modern France Yale University Press pp 151 153 ISBN 978 0300207699 De la Feuliade Georges d Aubusson 1651 Response de Mgr l archevesque et prince d Ambrun George d Aubusson de La Feuillade president de l assemblee du clerge faite a M le comte de Fiesque et autres gentils hommes envoyez a ladite assemblee de la part de Messieurs de la noblesse le mercredy 15 mars 1651 Paris G le Rond Tucker Spencer C 2009 A Global Chronology of Conflict From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East 6V A Global Chronology of Conflict 6 volumes ABC CLIO p 654 ISBN 978 1851096671 Chapman Sara 2004 Private Ambition and Political Alliances in Louis XIV s Government University of Rochester Press p 29 ISBN 1 58046 153 0 Fallon Brian 20 November 1999 Review of Duc de Saint Simon Memoirs Vol 1 1691 1709 edited and translated by Lucy Norton The Irish Times Retrieved 20 December 2018 Sources editAnselme Augustin Dechauffe amp Du Forny Histoire de la Maison Royale de France et des grands officiers de la Couronne Volume V Compagnie des Libraires 1750 Bergin Joseph The Politics of Religion in Early Modern France Yale University Press 2014 Chapman Sara 2004 Private Ambition and Political Alliances in Louis XIV s Government University of Rochester Press 2004 De la Feuliade Georges d Aubusson Response de Mgr l archevesque et prince d Ambrun George d Aubusson de La Feuillade president de l assemblee du clerge faite a M le comte de Fiesque et autres gentils hommes envoyez a ladite assemblee de la part de Messieurs de la noblesse le mercredy 15 mars 1651 G le Rond 1651 Tucker Spencer C A Global Chronology of Conflict From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East A Global Chronology of Conflict in 6 volumes ABC CLIO 2009 External links editHoms George J 21 August 1631 Francois III d Aubusson duc de La Feuillade Geni com Retrieved 15 December 2018 Fallon Brian 20 November 1999 Review of Duc de Saint Simon Memoirs Vol 1 1691 1709 edited and translated by Lucy Norton The Irish Times Retrieved 20 December 2018 Catholic Church titles Preceded byWilhelm Egon von Furstenberg Bishop of Metz1669 1697 Succeeded byHenri Charles du Cambout de Coislin Preceded byGuillaume d Hugues Archbishop of Embrun1649 1669 Succeeded byCharles Brulart de Genlis Portals nbsp Biography nbsp Catholicism nbsp France 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