Geoglossaceae is a family of fungi in the order Geoglossales, classGeoglossomycetes. These fungi are broadly known as earth tongues. The ascocarps of most species in the family Geoglossaceae are terrestrial and are generally small, dark in color, and club-shaped with a height of 2–8 cm. The ascospores are typically light-brown to dark-brown and are often multiseptate. Other species of fungi have been known to parasitize ascocarps.[1][2] The use of a compound microscope is needed for accurate identification.[3]
The fungi that are now included in the fungal class Geoglossomycetes were previously considered by mycologists to be a family (Geoglossaceae) within the class Leotiomycetes. The family Geoglossaceae sensu lato was previously defined with 6 genera and 48 species.[5] Early molecular evidence using ribosomal DNA[6][7][8] suggested that Geoglossaceae sensu lato was not a monophyletic group, and that the hyaline spored genera (e.g. Leotia, Microglossum, and Spathularia) were not allied within the same clade as the darker-spored genera (Geoglossum and Trichoglossum). Schoch et al.,[9] using a six-gene phylogeny including ribosomal DNA and protein-coding genes, found support for the establishment of a new class (Geoglossomycetes), containing the genera Geoglossum, Sarcoleotia, and Trichoglossum. Further molecular research resulted in the addition of Nothomitra (previously treated as a relative or synonym of Microglossum) to the group in 2011.[10]Glutinoglossum was circumscribed in 2013 to contain the species formerly known as Geoglossum glutinosum, and a new European species, G. heptaseptatum.[4]
Several species in the genus Neolecta have similar morphology and are also known by the common name of "earth tongues", but they are members of the quite distantly related Taphrinomycotina, an entirely different subdivision of the Ascomycota.
Habitatedit
Earth tongues are commonly found in soil or among rotting vegetation.[11] In North America, they are commonly found in coniferous woodland, broad-leaved woodland and mixed woodland habitats,[12] whereas in Europe they are commonly found in grassland habitats[11][13] and are major components of the endangered waxcap grassland habitat.
^ abHustad VP, Miller AN, Dentinger BTM, Cannon PF (2013). "Generic circumscriptions in Geoglossomycetes". Persoonia. 31: 101–11. doi:10.3767/003158513x671235. PMC3904045. PMID 24761038.
^Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 279. ISBN978-0-85199-826-8.
^Pfister D, Kimbrough JW (2000). "Discomycetes". In Mclaughlin DJ, McLaughlin EG, Lemke PA (eds.). The Mycota VII Part A. Systematics and Evolution. Berlin: Springer. pp. 257–81.
^Wang Z, Binder M, Schoch CL, Johnston PR, Spatafora JW, Hibbett DS (2006). "Evolution of helotialean fungi (Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycotina): A nucleear rDNA phylogeny". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 41 (2): 295–312. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.031. PMID 16837216.
^Wang Z, Johnston PR, Takamatsu S, Spatafora JW, Hibbett DS (2006). "Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Leotiomycetes based on rDNA data". Mycologia. 98 (6): 1065–75. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.1065. PMID 17486981.
^Schoch CL, Wang Z, Townsend JP, Spatafora JW (2009). "Geoglossomycetes cl. nov., Geoglossales ord. nov. and taxa above class rank in the Ascomycota Tree of Life" (PDF). Persoonia. 22: 129–36. doi:10.3767/003158509x461486. PMC2776753. PMID 19915689.
^Hustad VP, Miller AN, Moingeon J-M, Priou J-P (2011). "Inclusion of Nothomitra in Geoglossomycetes" (PDF). Mycosphere. 2 (6): 646–54. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/2/6/5.
^ abL. Watson & M. J. Dallwitz (2009-06-20). . Archived from the original on 2010-11-27.
^Mains EB. (1954). "North American species of Geoglossum and Trichoglossum". Mycologia. 46 (5): 586–631. doi:10.1080/00275514.1954.12024398.
^Nannfeldt JA. (1942). "The Geoglossaceae of Sweden". Arkiv för Botanik. 30A: 1–67.
Cannon PF, Kirk PM (2007). Fungal families of the world. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. ISBN978-0-85199-827-5.
February 15, 2024
geoglossaceae, family, fungi, order, geoglossales, class, geoglossomycetes, these, fungi, broadly, known, earth, tongues, ascocarps, most, species, family, terrestrial, generally, small, dark, color, club, shaped, with, height, ascospores, typically, light, br. Geoglossaceae is a family of fungi in the order Geoglossales class Geoglossomycetes These fungi are broadly known as earth tongues The ascocarps of most species in the family Geoglossaceae are terrestrial and are generally small dark in color and club shaped with a height of 2 8 cm The ascospores are typically light brown to dark brown and are often multiseptate Other species of fungi have been known to parasitize ascocarps 1 2 The use of a compound microscope is needed for accurate identification 3 GeoglossaceaeGeoglossum glutinosumScientific classificationKingdom FungiDivision AscomycotaSubdivision PezizomycotinaClass GeoglossomycetesZheng Wang C L Schoch amp Spatafora 2009 Order GeoglossalesZheng Wang C L Schoch amp Spatafora 2009 Family GeoglossaceaeCorda 1838 Type genusGeoglossumPers 1794 GeneraGeoglossum Glutinoglossum Hemileucoglossum Leucoglossum Nothomitra Sabuloglossum Sarcoleotia TrichoglossumSystematics editGeoglossum difformeGeoglossum simileGeoglossum sphagnophilumGeoglossum cookeanum G glabrumGeoglossum umbratileGeoglossum nigritumGeoglossum barlaeTrichoglossum T hirsutum T octopartitumGlutinoglossum glutinosumGlutinoglossum heptaseptatumSabuloglossum arenariumSarcoleotia globosaNothomitra cinnamomeaCladogram showing phylogeny of Geoglossomycetes based on a four gene dataset 4 The fungi that are now included in the fungal class Geoglossomycetes were previously considered by mycologists to be a family Geoglossaceae within the class Leotiomycetes The family Geoglossaceae sensu lato was previously defined with 6 genera and 48 species 5 Early molecular evidence using ribosomal DNA 6 7 8 suggested that Geoglossaceae sensu lato was not a monophyletic group and that the hyaline spored genera e g Leotia Microglossum and Spathularia were not allied within the same clade as the darker spored genera Geoglossum and Trichoglossum Schoch et al 9 using a six gene phylogeny including ribosomal DNA and protein coding genes found support for the establishment of a new class Geoglossomycetes containing the genera Geoglossum Sarcoleotia and Trichoglossum Further molecular research resulted in the addition of Nothomitra previously treated as a relative or synonym of Microglossum to the group in 2011 10 Glutinoglossum was circumscribed in 2013 to contain the species formerly known as Geoglossum glutinosum and a new European species G heptaseptatum 4 Several species in the genus Neolecta have similar morphology and are also known by the common name of earth tongues but they are members of the quite distantly related Taphrinomycotina an entirely different subdivision of the Ascomycota Habitat editEarth tongues are commonly found in soil or among rotting vegetation 11 In North America they are commonly found in coniferous woodland broad leaved woodland and mixed woodland habitats 12 whereas in Europe they are commonly found in grassland habitats 11 13 and are major components of the endangered waxcap grassland habitat References edit Seeler EV 1943 Several Fungicolous Fungi Farlowia 119 133 Rossman AY Samuels GJ Rogerson CT Lowen R 1999 Genera of Bionectriaceae Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae Hypocreales Ascomycetes Studies in Mycology 42 186 Family Geoglossaceae The Hidden Forest 26 Aug 2009 lt http www hiddenforest co nz fungi family geoglossaceae geoglossaceae htm gt a b Hustad VP Miller AN Dentinger BTM Cannon PF 2013 Generic circumscriptions in Geoglossomycetes Persoonia 31 101 11 doi 10 3767 003158513x671235 PMC 3904045 PMID 24761038 nbsp Kirk PM Cannon PF Minter DW Stalpers JA 2008 Dictionary of the Fungi 10th ed Wallingford UK CAB International p 279 ISBN 978 0 85199 826 8 Pfister D Kimbrough JW 2000 Discomycetes In Mclaughlin DJ McLaughlin EG Lemke PA eds The Mycota VII Part A Systematics and Evolution Berlin Springer pp 257 81 Wang Z Binder M Schoch CL Johnston PR Spatafora JW Hibbett DS 2006 Evolution of helotialean fungi Leotiomycetes Pezizomycotina A nucleear rDNA phylogeny Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41 2 295 312 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2006 05 031 PMID 16837216 Wang Z Johnston PR Takamatsu S Spatafora JW Hibbett DS 2006 Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Leotiomycetes based on rDNA data Mycologia 98 6 1065 75 doi 10 3852 mycologia 98 6 1065 PMID 17486981 Schoch CL Wang Z Townsend JP Spatafora JW 2009 Geoglossomycetes cl nov Geoglossales ord nov and taxa above class rank in the Ascomycota Tree of Life PDF Persoonia 22 129 36 doi 10 3767 003158509x461486 PMC 2776753 PMID 19915689 Hustad VP Miller AN Moingeon J M Priou J P 2011 Inclusion of Nothomitra in Geoglossomycetes PDF Mycosphere 2 6 646 54 doi 10 5943 mycosphere 2 6 5 a b L Watson amp M J Dallwitz 2009 06 20 The Families of Mushrooms and Toadstools Represented in the British Isles Archived from the original on 2010 11 27 Mains EB 1954 North American species of Geoglossum and Trichoglossum Mycologia 46 5 586 631 doi 10 1080 00275514 1954 12024398 Nannfeldt JA 1942 The Geoglossaceae of Sweden Arkiv for Botanik 30A 1 67 Cannon PF Kirk PM 2007 Fungal families of the world Wallingford UK CAB International ISBN 978 0 85199 827 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Geoglossaceae amp oldid 1060044512, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
