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General Synod of the Church of England

January 01, 1970

The General Synod is the tricameral deliberative and legislative organ of the Church of England. The synod was instituted in 1970, replacing the Church Assembly, and is the culmination of a process of rediscovering self-government for the Church of England that had started in the 1850s.

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Church Assembly: 1919 to 1970 edit

Before 1919, any change to the church's worship or governance had to be by Act of Parliament, which resulted in little being done.[1] In 1919, the Convocations of the provinces of Canterbury and York adopted the constitution of the National Church Assembly proposed by the Representative Church Council and presented it to the king as an appendix to an address. The constitution as proposed to the sovereign was then recognised as already existing in the Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919 thus obtaining legal recognition of the assembly without implying that it had been created by Parliament or that Parliament could modify its constitution.[2]

By means of the Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919 Parliament then gave the assembly power to prepare Measures which, once presented to Parliament and approved by a special procedure (see below), were to "have the force and effect of an Act of Parliament" on "any matter concerning the Church of England", and included the power to repeal or amend Acts of Parliament concerning the church.[3] The preparation of such measures lay mainly with a joint Legislative Committee of the three houses of the assembly and this committee negotiated with the parliamentary Ecclesiastical Committee to reach an agreed form.[4]

The Act required that, after being passed by the assembly, the measure had to be examined by a joint committee of both Houses of Parliament which prepared a report to both houses. If then approved by each House, it was submitted to the Sovereign for royal assent. If MPs or members of the House of Lords were not content with a measure then they could vote to reject it, but not amend it.[4] Once a measure had been agreed ("deemed expedient") by both Houses of Parliament, and received royal assent, it was (from 1926) printed with the Acts of Parliament for the year in question.

General Synod: from 1970 edit

Establishment edit

By the Synodical Government Measure 1969,[5] the Church Assembly renamed and reconstituted itself as the General Synod of the Church of England. It also took over almost all the powers formerly exercised by the Convocations of Canterbury and York.

Membership edit

Main page: Category:Members of the General Synod of the Church of England

The synod is tricameral, consisting of the House of Bishops, the House of Clergy and the House of Laity. There are currently 467 members in total.

The House of Bishops is made up of the 30 diocesan bishops in the Province of Canterbury, the 12 diocesan bishops of the Province of York, the Bishop of Dover (who functions as diocesan bishop of Canterbury, in the Province of Canterbury), and seven other suffragan bishops (four from Canterbury and three from York) elected by all suffragan bishops.

The House of Clergy comprises clergy elected from the following:

Members of the House of Laity are elected by lay members of the Deanery Synod in each Diocese every five years by a system of single transferable vote. There are:

There are two or three synodical sessions per year (4–5 days each), one or two in Church House, Westminster, the other at the University of York, and each session is officially opened by the monarch. The Archbishops of Canterbury and York preside jointly.

 
The joint presidents, the archbishops of York and Canterbury, pictured together in September 2022

Functions edit

The functions of the synod are:

  • legislation:
    • to pass measures dealing with the government of the church and its institutions,
    • to pass canons,[7] determining doctrine and the form of worship,[8]
  • to approve the liturgy and make other rules and regulations through Acts of Synod,[9]
  • to regulate relations with other churches,
  • to consider and express their opinion on any other matters of religious or public interest, and
  • to approve or reject the annual budget of the church

Measures or canons must be passed by a majority of the members of each house of the synod. Most other business can be passed by a majority of the members of the synod overall. However changes to church doctrine, rites and ceremonies, or the administration of the sacraments, can only be made in the form agreed by the House of Bishops. Also, changes in the services of Baptism or Holy Communion, as well as proposals for union with any other church, cannot be approved unless they have also been approved by a majority of the diocesan synods.[10] Some measures do not extend to the Diocese of Sodor and Man unless so provided by a measure passed by the Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod and approved by Tynwald.[11]

The General Synod also elects some members of the Archbishops' Council.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Garbett, Cyril. The Claims of the Church of England Hodder & Stoughton:1947, pp.192f
  2. ^ Iremonger, F.A. William Temple, OUP:1948, p.273
  3. ^ Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919 (1919 c.76 9 and 10 Geo 5) on the UK Statute Law Database website – retrieved 9 May 2008
  4. ^ a b Neill, Stephen. Anglicanism Penguin:1960, p.437
  5. ^ "Synodical Government Measure 1969". 1969. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  6. ^ usually the Chaplain of the Fleet, the Chaplain General, and the Chaplain-in-Chief, or their Anglican deputies if the most senior chaplain is from a different denomination
  7. ^ 7th Edition of the Canons of the Church of England - retrieved 2 June 2019
  8. ^ It was through an amendment to the Canons that women were admitted to the priesthood – Canon C4B (now repealed and replaced by new Canon C4). The making of the Canon was authorised by the Priests (Ordination of Women) Measure 1993 (now repealed and replaced by the Bishops and Priests (Consecration and Ordination of Women) Measure 2014).
  9. ^ For example, the Episcopal Ministry Act of Synod 1993 27 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 9 May 2008) formerly made provision for those parishes which would not accept women priests to be overseen by alternative bishops. It has been replaced by the House of Bishops’ Declaration on the Ministry of Bishops and Priests (GS Misc 1076) (retrieved 2 May 2019).
  10. ^ Constitution of the General Synod, set out in Schedule 2 of the Synodical Government Measure 1969
  11. ^ Gumbley, K F W (July 1994). "Church Legislation in the Isle of Man". Ecclesiastical Law Journal. 3: 240.

External links edit

  • Official website
  • Short film shown at General Synod in November 2015 to portray the Church of England

January 01, 1970
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The General Synod is the tricameral deliberative and legislative organ of the Church of England The synod was instituted in 1970 replacing the Church Assembly and is the culmination of a process of rediscovering self government for the Church of England that had started in the 1850s Church of England logo Contents 1 Church Assembly 1919 to 1970 2 General Synod from 1970 2 1 Establishment 2 2 Membership 2 3 Functions 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksChurch Assembly 1919 to 1970 editBefore 1919 any change to the church s worship or governance had to be by Act of Parliament which resulted in little being done 1 In 1919 the Convocations of the provinces of Canterbury and York adopted the constitution of the National Church Assembly proposed by the Representative Church Council and presented it to the king as an appendix to an address The constitution as proposed to the sovereign was then recognised as already existing in the Church of England Assembly Powers Act 1919 thus obtaining legal recognition of the assembly without implying that it had been created by Parliament or that Parliament could modify its constitution 2 By means of the Church of England Assembly Powers Act 1919 Parliament then gave the assembly power to prepare Measures which once presented to Parliament and approved by a special procedure see below were to have the force and effect of an Act of Parliament on any matter concerning the Church of England and included the power to repeal or amend Acts of Parliament concerning the church 3 The preparation of such measures lay mainly with a joint Legislative Committee of the three houses of the assembly and this committee negotiated with the parliamentary Ecclesiastical Committee to reach an agreed form 4 The Act required that after being passed by the assembly the measure had to be examined by a joint committee of both Houses of Parliament which prepared a report to both houses If then approved by each House it was submitted to the Sovereign for royal assent If MPs or members of the House of Lords were not content with a measure then they could vote to reject it but not amend it 4 Once a measure had been agreed deemed expedient by both Houses of Parliament and received royal assent it was from 1926 printed with the Acts of Parliament for the year in question General Synod from 1970 editEstablishment edit By the Synodical Government Measure 1969 5 the Church Assembly renamed and reconstituted itself as the General Synod of the Church of England It also took over almost all the powers formerly exercised by the Convocations of Canterbury and York Membership edit Main page Category Members of the General Synod of the Church of England The synod is tricameral consisting of the House of Bishops the House of Clergy and the House of Laity There are currently 467 members in total The House of Bishops is made up of the 30 diocesan bishops in the Province of Canterbury the 12 diocesan bishops of the Province of York the Bishop of Dover who functions as diocesan bishop of Canterbury in the Province of Canterbury and seven other suffragan bishops four from Canterbury and three from York elected by all suffragan bishops The House of Clergy comprises clergy elected from the following 128 from the dioceses of the Province of Canterbury 54 from the dioceses of the Province of York 4 from among clergy teaching in universities or theological colleges One must be from the Province of York this arrangement replaced seats for specific universities as of the 2015 election 6 deans elected from cathedrals plus either the Dean of Jersey or the Dean of Guernsey the 3 principal Anglican chaplains and archdeacons of the Armed Services 6 plus the Chaplain General of Prisons and Archdeacon and 2 members of religious communities Members of the House of Laity are elected by lay members of the Deanery Synod in each Diocese every five years by a system of single transferable vote There are up to 170 members elected by the laity of the Province of Canterbury up to 80 members elected by the laity of the Province of York the Dean of the Arches the Vicars General of the Provinces of Canterbury and York the three Church Estate Commissioners the Chairman of the Central Board of Finance the Chairman of the Church of England Pensions Board the members of the Archbishops Council who are communicants of the Church of England There are two or three synodical sessions per year 4 5 days each one or two in Church House Westminster the other at the University of York and each session is officially opened by the monarch The Archbishops of Canterbury and York preside jointly nbsp The joint presidents the archbishops of York and Canterbury pictured together in September 2022 Functions edit The functions of the synod are legislation to pass measures dealing with the government of the church and its institutions to pass canons 7 determining doctrine and the form of worship 8 to approve the liturgy and make other rules and regulations through Acts of Synod 9 to regulate relations with other churches to consider and express their opinion on any other matters of religious or public interest and to approve or reject the annual budget of the church Measures or canons must be passed by a majority of the members of each house of the synod Most other business can be passed by a majority of the members of the synod overall However changes to church doctrine rites and ceremonies or the administration of the sacraments can only be made in the form agreed by the House of Bishops Also changes in the services of Baptism or Holy Communion as well as proposals for union with any other church cannot be approved unless they have also been approved by a majority of the diocesan synods 10 Some measures do not extend to the Diocese of Sodor and Man unless so provided by a measure passed by the Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod and approved by Tynwald 11 The General Synod also elects some members of the Archbishops Council See also edit nbsp Christianity portal nbsp England portal Doctrine Commission In existence between 1922 and 2010 Latterly commission of General Synod Enabling Act Includes brief background of reasons which led to the act being passed English Covenant Faith and Order Commission Replaced Faith and Order Advisory Group in 2010 List of Church of England measures Houses of LaymenReferences edit Garbett Cyril The Claims of the Church of England Hodder amp Stoughton 1947 pp 192f Iremonger F A William Temple OUP 1948 p 273 Church of England Assembly Powers Act 1919 1919 c 76 9 and 10 Geo 5 on the UK Statute Law Database website retrieved 9 May 2008 a b Neill Stephen Anglicanism Penguin 1960 p 437 Synodical Government Measure 1969 1969 Retrieved 10 April 2023 usually the Chaplain of the Fleet the Chaplain General and the Chaplain in Chief or their Anglican deputies if the most senior chaplain is from a different denomination 7th Edition of the Canons of the Church of England retrieved 2 June 2019 It was through an amendment to the Canons that women were admitted to the priesthood Canon C4B now repealed and replaced by new Canon C4 The making of the Canon was authorised by the Priests Ordination of Women Measure 1993 now repealed and replaced by the Bishops and Priests Consecration and Ordination of Women Measure 2014 For example the Episcopal Ministry Act of Synod 1993 Archived 27 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 9 May 2008 formerly made provision for those parishes which would not accept women priests to be overseen by alternative bishops It has been replaced by the House of Bishops Declaration on the Ministry of Bishops and Priests GS Misc 1076 retrieved 2 May 2019 Constitution of the General Synod set out in Schedule 2 of the Synodical Government Measure 1969 Gumbley K F W July 1994 Church Legislation in the Isle of Man Ecclesiastical Law Journal 3 240 External links editOfficial website Short film shown at General Synod in November 2015 to portray the Church of England Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title General Synod of the Church of England amp oldid 1193849909, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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