General (Australia)
General (abbreviated GEN) is the second-highest rank, and the highest active rank, of the Australian Army and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of general; it is also considered a four-star rank.
| General | |
|---|---|
The GEN insignia of Crown of St Edward above a star of the Order of the Bath above a crossed sword and baton, with the word 'Australia' at the bottom. | |
| Country | Australia |
| Service branch | Australia |
| Abbreviation | GEN |
| Rank | Four-star |
| NATO rank code | OF-9 |
| Non-NATO rank | O-10 |
| Formation | 1917 |
| Next higher rank | Field marshal |
| Next lower rank | Lieutenant general |
| Equivalent ranks | Admiral (RAN) Air chief marshal (RAAF) |
Prior to 1958, Australian generals (and field marshals) were only appointed in exceptional circumstances. In 1958, the position which is currently called Chief of the Defence Force was created, and since 1966, the rank of general has been held when an army officer is appointed to that position.
General is a higher rank than lieutenant general, but is lower than field marshal. General is the equivalent of admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air chief marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force.
A general's insignia is St Edward's Crown above a star of the Order of the Bath (or 'pip') above a crossed sword and baton, with the word 'Australia' at the bottom.[1][Note 1]
Australian generals edit
This along with the * (asterisk) indicates that the officer was subsequently promoted to field marshal.
This along with the + (plus sign) indicates that the officer was promoted to the honorary rank of general.
The following have held the rank of general in the Australian Army:
| Name | Date promoted | Senior command(s) or appointment(s) in rank | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sir William Birdwood+ | 29 January 1920 | General Officer Commanding Australian Imperial Force (1915–20) | [2][Note 2] |
| Sir Harry Chauvel | 11 November 1929 | Inspector-in-Chief Volunteer Defence Corps (1940–45), Chief of the General Staff (1923–30) | [3] |
| Sir John Monash | 11 November 1929[Note 3] | [3] | |
| Sir Brudenell White | 18 March 1940 | Chief of the General Staff (1920–23, 1940) | [4] |
| Sir Thomas Blamey* | 24 September 1941 | Commander of Allied Land Forces, South West Pacific Area (1942–45), General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Australian Military Forces (1942–45), Deputy Commander-in-Chief Middle East Command (1941–1942) | [5] |
| Sir John Wilton | 1 September 1968 | Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (1966–70) | [6] |
| Sir Frank Hassett | 24 November 1975 | Chief of the Defence Force Staff (1976–77), Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (1975–76) | [7] |
| Sir Arthur MacDonald | 21 April 1977 | Chief of the Defence Force Staff (1977–79) | |
| Sir Phillip Bennett | 13 April 1984 | Chief of the Defence Force (1984–87) | |
| Peter Gration | 1987 | Chief of the Defence Force (1987–93) | |
| John Baker | 1995 | Chief of the Defence Force (1995–98) | |
| Sir Peter Cosgrove | 2002 | Chief of the Defence Force (2002–05) | |
| David Hurley | 2011 | Chief of the Defence Force (2011–14) | |
| Angus Campbell | 2018 | Chief of the Defence Force (2018–) |
In addition, Sir John Northcott held the honorary rank of general while acting as Governor-General of Australia in 1951 and 1956.[8] The Australian-born Sir John Hackett also attained the rank of general in the British Army.
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ Australian Army officer rank insignia are identical to British Army officer rank insignia, with the difference that Australian Army insignia have the word "Australia" below them.
- ^ When Birdwood was promoted to field marshal in the British Army in 1925, he was given the honorary rank of field marshal in the Australian Army.
- ^ Monash had transferred to the Unattached List in 1920.
References edit
- ^ (PDF). Army Dress Manual. Canberra, ACT: Australian Army. 6 June 2014. p. 48. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2015.
- ^ "Grant of Honorary Rank". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 19 February 1920. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ a b "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 14 November 1929. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 20 March 1940. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 25 September 1941. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 29 August 1968. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ "Australian Military Forces". Australian Government Gazette. 24 June 1975. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ Coates, Henry John (2000). "Northcott, Sir John (1890–1966)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. pp. 493–494. ISBN 0-522-84236-4. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 222721504. Retrieved 13 April 2009.