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Garden room

January 31, 2023

In gardening, a garden room is a secluded and partly enclosed space within a garden that creates a room-like effect.[1] Such spaces have been part of garden design for centuries. Generally they are regarded as different from terraces and patios just outside a building, although in practice these are often the parts of a garden that are most used as a room, with tables and chairs. Walls and hedges may form part of the boundaries of a garden room, but plants, usually at least a few feet tall, will do as well.[2] Apart from the entrances to the room, these should normally enclose the space. There may be furniture, especially for sitting down, but this is not essential.

The "Queen Elizabeth II Rose Garden", Titsey Place, planted in 2008

In architecture, the term "garden room" may be used for a sunroom, conservatory, or any room with a good view of a garden, or even one decorated with a garden theme.[3] A small single-roomed building for leisure in a garden is usually called a summer house, gazebo, or garden house.

Below a certain size a very small garden can hardly help being room-like, and the term is mostly used for larger gardens, where distinct areas are possible. Garden rooms can introduce variety and structure to a garden, and be suitable spaces for displays that are especially seasonable.[4] In cold or windy areas, the garden room may offer necessary shelter to the plants inside, a factor in their use at Hidcote Manor Garden.[5]

The term is not liked by some gardeners, and others consider it to be "overused".[6]

History

Ancient and medieval

 
"Desseins de Cabinets et Salons pour des bosquets", illustration from La Théorie et la pratique du jardinage, Dezallier d'Argenville, 1709

Jenny Uglow talks of the "garden rooms" described by Pliny the Younger in his letters giving long, but difficult to interpret, accounts of his two very large country villa gardens. These were by the sea and in the Tuscan hills, the latter with many terraces, and Pliny stresses the views to outside the garden.[7]

Enclosure was "the prime characteristic of all medieval gardens and parks" according to John Dixon Hunt,[8] and contemporary illustrations and literary accounts of gardens place great emphasis on the controlled entries to what were very often walled gardens, with further sub-divisions within. The hortus conclusus, a setting for the Virgin Mary, is the most famous type of these, but the secular "garden of love" type is no less enclosed, and often little larger.[9]

 
Dumbarton Oaks, Washington DC, the "Pebble Garden" in April

Early Modern

Italian Renaissance gardens, often on hilly sites with many terraces, called a smallish secluded garden area a giardino segreto ("secret garden"), a term often found in other languages. In steep Italian gardens they often included the borrowed scenery of a view over the surrounding landscape.[10]

In the French formal garden of the 17th and 18th centuries, when the garden aspired to reach into the surrounding landscape,[11] much of the space of the further garden away from the house was occupied with bosquets, dense artificial woodland divided into geometric compartments surrounded by high hedges, in large gardens like the Gardens of Versailles, as much as 20 feet high. Between and within these compartments paths took the visitor to cabinets or garden rooms, the word "cabinet" then meaning a room in both French and English, roughly equivalent to the modern "study" or "home office". Other names were salles vertes and salles de verdure ("green rooms" or "rooms of greenery"). These cabinets usually centred on some feature of interest, such as a statue, fountain, tree or piece of topiary. The English equivalent, the wilderness, had similar features.[12]

In the gardens of Versailles, designed to be unsurpassable, the bosquet areas centred on a large garden room containing either a large sculptural fountain or some other feature such as a cascade, garden amphitheatre, or colonnade. The bosquets are named after these features. The leading French textbook of the period, La Théorie et la pratique du jardinage, by Dezallier d'Argenville (1709) illustrates plans for more modest but still complicated "Cabinets et Salons pour des bosquets" with benches and central features of fountains, small trees, or topiary, and between one and four ways in. d'Argenville shows all the entries as straight walks, but the English gardens illustrated by Jan Kip around 1705–1720 often show curving paths leading to the rooms inside the "quarters" of a wilderness, which would make the occupants invisible until a new person was very close; an example is Castle Howard.[13]

 
The 20th-century garden at Sissinghurst Castle is arranged as a series of garden rooms.

In English Baroque gardens, as well as garden rooms in wildernesses, there was a fashion for sheltered flower gardens in a style that was believed (rightly or wrongly) to be Dutch.[14]

20th century

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries there was an increase in the use of garden rooms, part of a reaction to grand flowing Victorian styles, and an interest in traditional English cottage garden style.[15] After World War I, influential new English gardens laid out as a series of compartments included Sissinghurst Castle Garden, Hidcote,[16] and Tintinhull (from 1933, by Phyllis Reiss).[17] Sissinghurst was mostly planted in the 1930s, except for what is perhaps the most famous of the "rooms", the White Garden, planted in 1949–50, though planned before World War II. Much of the area of the garden had been a larger country house that was mostly demolished, and some walls remained at a height useful for garden divisions. Vita Sackville-West, with her husband Harold Nicolson the designer of her garden, described the spaces as "a series of privacies...all a series of escapes from the world, giving the impression of cumulative escape".[18]

 
"Hungarian Garden" in the Cleveland Cultural Gardens, Ohio

Dumbarton Oaks in Washington DC, designed by Beatrix Farrand from 1922 onwards, is a larger garden (27 acres) laid out "as a series of outdoor rooms".[19] Like Sissinghurst, the garden of Ninfa in Central Italy partly uses ruins to structure garden spaces, in this case those of an entire village.[20]

Notes

  1. ^ Kerr Forsyth, 360; Lexico, 3
  2. ^ Lexico, 3
  3. ^ Lexico, 1
  4. ^ Kerr Forsyth, 360
  5. ^ Uglow, 251
  6. ^ Kerr Forsyth, 360
  7. ^ Uglow, 10–11; "Pliny the Younger's villas and garden letters", with text and commentary from History of Garden Art, by Marie-Luise Gothein, 1913 (in German, 1928 in English); Hobhouse, 29–30, 39
  8. ^ Leslie, 19, Hunt's chapter
  9. ^ Leslie, 28–29
  10. ^ The Oxford Companion to Gardens, eds. Geoffrey Jellicoe, Susan Jellicoe, Patrick Goode and Michael Lancaster, 226, 284, 1986, OUP, ISBN 0192861387
  11. ^ Uglow, 115-117; Hobhouse, 46
  12. ^ Jacques, 100–102, 156–157; Hobhouse, 176–179
  13. ^ As illustrated in the third volume of Vitruvius Britannicus in 1725– this is not by Kip; Image. Hobhouse, 177
  14. ^ The Dutchness of these is now a matter of controversy among garden historians, but the term was used at the time. Uglow, 120–122
  15. ^ Uglow, 220–228
  16. ^ Uglow, 251–254; Williams and Drew, 43; Hobhouse, 294–296 (Hidcote)
  17. ^ Penn, 62-66
  18. ^ Uglow, 251–254, quote 253; Penn, 62
  19. ^ Hobhouse, 312–313, 312 quoted
  20. ^ Hobhouse, 314–315

References

  • Kerr Forsyth, Holly (ed), The Constant Gardener, 2007, Melbourne University Publishing, google books
  • Hobhouse, Penelope, Plants in Garden History, 2004, Pavilion Books, ISBN 1862056609
  • Jacques, David, Gardens of Court and Country: English Design 1630-1730, 2017, Yale University Press, ISBN 9780300222012
  • Leslie, Michael (ed.), A Cultural History of Gardens: Vol 2, In the Medieval Age, 2016, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 9781350009905
  • Lexico.com,
  • Penn, Helen, An Englishwoman's Garden, 1993, BBC Books, ISBN 0563364300
  • Uglow, Jenny, A Little History of British Gardening, 2004, Chatto & Windus, ISBN 0701169281
  • Williams, Bunny and Drew, Nancy, On Garden Style, 1998 (1st edn), Simon & Schuster, ISBN 9780684826059, google books
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Garden rooms.

January 31, 2023
garden, room, gardening, garden, room, secluded, partly, enclosed, space, within, garden, that, creates, room, like, effect, such, spaces, have, been, part, garden, design, centuries, generally, they, regarded, different, from, terraces, patios, just, outside,. In gardening a garden room is a secluded and partly enclosed space within a garden that creates a room like effect 1 Such spaces have been part of garden design for centuries Generally they are regarded as different from terraces and patios just outside a building although in practice these are often the parts of a garden that are most used as a room with tables and chairs Walls and hedges may form part of the boundaries of a garden room but plants usually at least a few feet tall will do as well 2 Apart from the entrances to the room these should normally enclose the space There may be furniture especially for sitting down but this is not essential The Queen Elizabeth II Rose Garden Titsey Place planted in 2008 In architecture the term garden room may be used for a sunroom conservatory or any room with a good view of a garden or even one decorated with a garden theme 3 A small single roomed building for leisure in a garden is usually called a summer house gazebo or garden house Dutch style garden at Hampton Court Palace Below a certain size a very small garden can hardly help being room like and the term is mostly used for larger gardens where distinct areas are possible Garden rooms can introduce variety and structure to a garden and be suitable spaces for displays that are especially seasonable 4 In cold or windy areas the garden room may offer necessary shelter to the plants inside a factor in their use at Hidcote Manor Garden 5 The term is not liked by some gardeners and others consider it to be overused 6 Contents 1 History 1 1 Ancient and medieval 1 2 Early Modern 1 3 20th century 2 Notes 3 ReferencesHistory EditAncient and medieval Edit Desseins de Cabinets et Salons pour des bosquets illustration from La Theorie et la pratique du jardinage Dezallier d Argenville 1709 Jenny Uglow talks of the garden rooms described by Pliny the Younger in his letters giving long but difficult to interpret accounts of his two very large country villa gardens These were by the sea and in the Tuscan hills the latter with many terraces and Pliny stresses the views to outside the garden 7 Enclosure was the prime characteristic of all medieval gardens and parks according to John Dixon Hunt 8 and contemporary illustrations and literary accounts of gardens place great emphasis on the controlled entries to what were very often walled gardens with further sub divisions within The hortus conclusus a setting for the Virgin Mary is the most famous type of these but the secular garden of love type is no less enclosed and often little larger 9 Dumbarton Oaks Washington DC the Pebble Garden in April Early Modern Edit Italian Renaissance gardens often on hilly sites with many terraces called a smallish secluded garden area a giardino segreto secret garden a term often found in other languages In steep Italian gardens they often included the borrowed scenery of a view over the surrounding landscape 10 In the French formal garden of the 17th and 18th centuries when the garden aspired to reach into the surrounding landscape 11 much of the space of the further garden away from the house was occupied with bosquets dense artificial woodland divided into geometric compartments surrounded by high hedges in large gardens like the Gardens of Versailles as much as 20 feet high Between and within these compartments paths took the visitor to cabinets or garden rooms the word cabinet then meaning a room in both French and English roughly equivalent to the modern study or home office Other names were salles vertes and salles de verdure green rooms or rooms of greenery These cabinets usually centred on some feature of interest such as a statue fountain tree or piece of topiary The English equivalent the wilderness had similar features 12 In the gardens of Versailles designed to be unsurpassable the bosquet areas centred on a large garden room containing either a large sculptural fountain or some other feature such as a cascade garden amphitheatre or colonnade The bosquets are named after these features The leading French textbook of the period La Theorie et la pratique du jardinage by Dezallier d Argenville 1709 illustrates plans for more modest but still complicated Cabinets et Salons pour des bosquets with benches and central features of fountains small trees or topiary and between one and four ways in d Argenville shows all the entries as straight walks but the English gardens illustrated by Jan Kip around 1705 1720 often show curving paths leading to the rooms inside the quarters of a wilderness which would make the occupants invisible until a new person was very close an example is Castle Howard 13 The 20th century garden at Sissinghurst Castle is arranged as a series of garden rooms In English Baroque gardens as well as garden rooms in wildernesses there was a fashion for sheltered flower gardens in a style that was believed rightly or wrongly to be Dutch 14 20th century Edit In the late 19th and early 20th centuries there was an increase in the use of garden rooms part of a reaction to grand flowing Victorian styles and an interest in traditional English cottage garden style 15 After World War I influential new English gardens laid out as a series of compartments included Sissinghurst Castle Garden Hidcote 16 and Tintinhull from 1933 by Phyllis Reiss 17 Sissinghurst was mostly planted in the 1930s except for what is perhaps the most famous of the rooms the White Garden planted in 1949 50 though planned before World War II Much of the area of the garden had been a larger country house that was mostly demolished and some walls remained at a height useful for garden divisions Vita Sackville West with her husband Harold Nicolson the designer of her garden described the spaces as a series of privacies all a series of escapes from the world giving the impression of cumulative escape 18 Hungarian Garden in the Cleveland Cultural Gardens Ohio Dumbarton Oaks in Washington DC designed by Beatrix Farrand from 1922 onwards is a larger garden 27 acres laid out as a series of outdoor rooms 19 Like Sissinghurst the garden of Ninfa in Central Italy partly uses ruins to structure garden spaces in this case those of an entire village 20 Notes Edit Kerr Forsyth 360 Lexico 3 Lexico 3 Lexico 1 Kerr Forsyth 360 Uglow 251 Kerr Forsyth 360 Uglow 10 11 Pliny the Younger s villas and garden letters with text and commentary from History of Garden Art by Marie Luise Gothein 1913 in German 1928 in English Hobhouse 29 30 39 Leslie 19 Hunt s chapter Leslie 28 29 The Oxford Companion to Gardens eds Geoffrey Jellicoe Susan Jellicoe Patrick Goode and Michael Lancaster 226 284 1986 OUP ISBN 0192861387 Uglow 115 117 Hobhouse 46 Jacques 100 102 156 157 Hobhouse 176 179 As illustrated in the third volume of Vitruvius Britannicus in 1725 this is not by Kip Image Hobhouse 177 The Dutchness of these is now a matter of controversy among garden historians but the term was used at the time Uglow 120 122 Uglow 220 228 Uglow 251 254 Williams and Drew 43 Hobhouse 294 296 Hidcote Penn 62 66 Uglow 251 254 quote 253 Penn 62 Hobhouse 312 313 312 quoted Hobhouse 314 315References EditKerr Forsyth Holly ed The Constant Gardener 2007 Melbourne University Publishing google books Hobhouse Penelope Plants in Garden History 2004 Pavilion Books ISBN 1862056609 Jacques David Gardens of Court and Country English Design 1630 1730 2017 Yale University Press ISBN 9780300222012 Leslie Michael ed A Cultural History of Gardens Vol 2 In the Medieval Age 2016 Bloomsbury Academic ISBN 9781350009905 Lexico com Garden room definition Penn Helen An Englishwoman s Garden 1993 BBC Books ISBN 0563364300 Uglow Jenny A Little History of British Gardening 2004 Chatto amp Windus ISBN 0701169281 Williams Bunny and Drew Nancy On Garden Style 1998 1st edn Simon amp Schuster ISBN 9780684826059 google books Wikimedia Commons has media related to Garden rooms Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Garden room amp oldid 1120208548, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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