The garden emerald (Chlorostilbon assimilis) is a small hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.[3][4]
The garden emerald was at one time considered a subspecies of the blue-tailed emerald (Chlorostilbon mellisugus).[5] As its own species, it is monotypic.[3]
Male in flight, Panama
DescriptionEdit
The garden emerald is 7.8 to 8.5 cm (3.1 to 3.3 in) long and weighs about 3 to 4.1 g (0.11 to 0.14 oz). The adult male has dark metallic green upperparts with bluish green uppertail coverts. Its forked tail is blue-black and the central feathers have a light bluish green gloss. Its underparts are a brighter metallic green than the upperparts, sometimes with a light blue sheen, and it has white thigh tufts. The adult female has bright metallic green to bronze green upperparts with bluish green uppertail coverts. Its tail is blue-black, with dull metallic green central feathers and pale gray tips on the outer ones. It has dusky cheeks, a white or grayish white spot behind the eye, and pale gray underparts. Juvenile males are like the adult female but darker gray below.[5]
Distribution and habitatEdit
The garden emerald is found in southwestern Costa Rica, the Pacific coast of Panama, and the offshore Coiba and Pearl islands. It inhabits open landscapes like the edges of woodlands, hedgerows, streamside thickets, scrublands, and gardens. It is a bird of the lowlands, reaching from sea level to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in Costa Rica and 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in Panama.[5]
BehaviorEdit
MovementEdit
The garden emerald is generally sedentary. However, there are reports of its moving back and forth between mainland Panama, the Pearl Islands, and other small islands.[5]
FeedingEdit
The garden emerald forages for nectar by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowering trees, shrubs, and other plants. It also feeds on small insects that it gleans from vegetation.[5]
BreedingEdit
The garden emerald's breeding season has not been fully determined but in Panama appears to span at least from November to March. Its nest, incubation length, time to fledging, and other details of its breeding phenology have not been documented. They are assumed to be similar to those of other Chlorostilbon hummingbirds.[5]
Songs and calls
Listen to garden emerald on xeno-canto
VocalizationEdit
The garden emerald's vocalizations are not well known but appear to be similar to those of Canivet's emerald (Cynanthus canivetii).[5] That species' song is believed to be "an endlessly repeated, characterless wiry tseee tseeree" and its call has been described as "a dry, scratchy chut or chit, sometimes run together into a soft, staccato chatter".[6]
StatusEdit
The IUCN has assessed the garden emerald as being of Least Concern. It has a large range and its estimated population of at least 50,000 mature individuals is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified.[1] It "[r]eadily accepts man-made habitat" and may even have expanded its range as forest has been cleared.[5]
^ abcdefghdel Hoyo, J., N. Collar, G. M. Kirwan, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Garden Emerald (Chlorostilbon assimilis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.gareme1.01 retrieved July 31, 2022
^Rodríguez-Flores, C. I. (2021). Canivet's Emerald (Cynanthus canivetii), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.caneme1.01.1 retrieved July 30, 2022
Further readingEdit
Stiles and Skutch, A Guide to the Birds of Costa RicaISBN0-8014-9600-4
August 25, 2023
garden, emerald, garden, emerald, chlorostilbon, assimilis, small, hummingbird, emeralds, tribe, trochilini, subfamily, trochilinae, found, costa, rica, panama, resting, blue, porterweedconservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, cites, appendix, cites, scientif. The garden emerald Chlorostilbon assimilis is a small hummingbird in the emeralds tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae It is found in Costa Rica and Panama 3 4 Garden emeraldResting on a blue porterweedConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 CITES Appendix II CITES 2 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesClade StrisoresOrder ApodiformesFamily TrochilidaeGenus ChlorostilbonSpecies C assimilisBinomial nameChlorostilbon assimilisLawrence 1861 Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Movement 4 2 Feeding 4 3 Breeding 4 4 Vocalization 5 Status 6 References 7 Further readingTaxonomy and systematics EditThe garden emerald was at one time considered a subspecies of the blue tailed emerald Chlorostilbon mellisugus 5 As its own species it is monotypic 3 Male in flight PanamaDescription EditThe garden emerald is 7 8 to 8 5 cm 3 1 to 3 3 in long and weighs about 3 to 4 1 g 0 11 to 0 14 oz The adult male has dark metallic green upperparts with bluish green uppertail coverts Its forked tail is blue black and the central feathers have a light bluish green gloss Its underparts are a brighter metallic green than the upperparts sometimes with a light blue sheen and it has white thigh tufts The adult female has bright metallic green to bronze green upperparts with bluish green uppertail coverts Its tail is blue black with dull metallic green central feathers and pale gray tips on the outer ones It has dusky cheeks a white or grayish white spot behind the eye and pale gray underparts Juvenile males are like the adult female but darker gray below 5 Distribution and habitat EditThe garden emerald is found in southwestern Costa Rica the Pacific coast of Panama and the offshore Coiba and Pearl islands It inhabits open landscapes like the edges of woodlands hedgerows streamside thickets scrublands and gardens It is a bird of the lowlands reaching from sea level to 1 500 m 4 900 ft in Costa Rica and 1 200 m 3 900 ft in Panama 5 Behavior EditMovement Edit The garden emerald is generally sedentary However there are reports of its moving back and forth between mainland Panama the Pearl Islands and other small islands 5 Feeding Edit The garden emerald forages for nectar by trap lining visiting a circuit of flowering trees shrubs and other plants It also feeds on small insects that it gleans from vegetation 5 Breeding Edit The garden emerald s breeding season has not been fully determined but in Panama appears to span at least from November to March Its nest incubation length time to fledging and other details of its breeding phenology have not been documented They are assumed to be similar to those of other Chlorostilbon hummingbirds 5 Songs and callsListen to garden emerald on xeno canto Vocalization Edit The garden emerald s vocalizations are not well known but appear to be similar to those of Canivet s emerald Cynanthus canivetii 5 That species song is believed to be an endlessly repeated characterless wiry tseee tseeree and its call has been described as a dry scratchy chut or chit sometimes run together into a soft staccato chatter 6 Status EditThe IUCN has assessed the garden emerald as being of Least Concern It has a large range and its estimated population of at least 50 000 mature individuals is believed to be stable No immediate threats have been identified 1 It r eadily accepts man made habitat and may even have expanded its range as forest has been cleared 5 References Edit a b BirdLife International 2021 Chlorostilbon assimilis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 Retrieved 31 July 2022 Appendices CITES cites org Retrieved 2022 01 14 a b Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P eds January 2022 Hummingbirds IOC World Bird List v 12 1 Retrieved January 15 2022 HBW and BirdLife International 2020 Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5 Available at http datazone birdlife org userfiles file Species Taxonomy HBW BirdLife Checklist v5 Dec20 zip xls zipped 1 MB retrieved 27 May 2021 a b c d e f g h del Hoyo J N Collar G M Kirwan and P F D Boesman 2020 Garden Emerald Chlorostilbon assimilis version 1 0 In Birds of the World J del Hoyo A Elliott J Sargatal D A Christie and E de Juana Editors Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow gareme1 01 retrieved July 31 2022 Rodriguez Flores C I 2021 Canivet s Emerald Cynanthus canivetii version 1 1 In Birds of the World T S Schulenberg Editor Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow caneme1 01 1 retrieved July 30 2022Further reading EditStiles and Skutch A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica ISBN 0 8014 9600 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Garden emerald amp oldid 1114443900, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
