The Gademotta Formation in the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley is known for its Middle Stone Age archaeological sites. It is located west of Lake Ziway. In addition to the type-site, which assumes the same name, the formation contains a cluster of sites at Kulkuletti, some 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) away. The near-lake environment and locally available obsidian may have attracted the continuous/repeated occupation of the area by Middle and Late Pleistocene hominins.
The Gademotta Formation site-complex was discovered in the early 1970s by a team of researchers under the leadership of Fred Wendorf and Romuald Schild.[1] This team conducted several excavations in 1972 and 1973, recovering tens of thousands of stone artifacts. Renewed research in the Gademotta Formation was encouraged by new techniques that allowed for a more precise 40Ar/39Ar[clarification needed] age of the site published in 2008.[2]
An age of over 279,000 years old is published for the oldest Middle Stone Age site in the Formation.[2][3] Although similar in age with the oldest Middle Stone Age site in the Kapthurin Formation, Kenya,[4] the oldest occupation at Gademotta is characterized by technological elements that are exclusively attributable to the Middle Stone Age. Stone-tipped throwing spears of that age have been studied.[3][5]
Referencesedit
^F Wendorf, R Schild (1974) A Middle Stone Age Sequence from the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Polska Akademia Nauk, Warsaw.
^ abMorgan, LE; Renne, PR (2008). "Diachronous dawn for Africa's Middle Stone Age: new 40Ar/39Ar ages from the Ethiopian Rift". Geology. 36 (12): 967–970. Bibcode:2008Geo....36..967M. doi:10.1130/g25213a.1.
^ abSahle, Y; et al. (2014). "Chronological and behavioral contexts of the earliest Middle Stone Age in the Gademotta Formation, Main Ethiopian Rift". Quaternary International. 331: 6–19. Bibcode:2014QuInt.331....6S. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.03.010.
^Deino, AL; McBrearty, S (2002). "40Ar/39Ar dating of the Kapthurin Formation, Baringo, Kenya". Journal of Human Evolution. 42 (1–2): 185–210. doi:10.1006/jhev.2001.0517. PMID 11795974.
^Sahle, Y.; Hutchings, W. K.; Braun, D. R.; Sealy, J. C.; Morgan, L. E.; Negash, A.; Atnafu, B. (2013). Petraglia, Michael D (ed.). "Earliest Stone-Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to >279,000 Years Ago". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78092. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878092S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078092. PMC3827237. PMID 24236011.
December 08, 2023
gademotta, 633the, formation, main, ethiopian, rift, valley, known, middle, stone, archaeological, sites, located, west, lake, ziway, addition, type, site, which, assumes, same, name, formation, contains, cluster, sites, kulkuletti, some, kilometres, away, nea. 7 57 N 38 38 E 7 950 N 38 633 E 7 950 38 633The Gademotta Formation in the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley is known for its Middle Stone Age archaeological sites It is located west of Lake Ziway In addition to the type site which assumes the same name the formation contains a cluster of sites at Kulkuletti some 2 5 kilometres 1 6 mi away The near lake environment and locally available obsidian may have attracted the continuous repeated occupation of the area by Middle and Late Pleistocene hominins The Gademotta Formation site complex was discovered in the early 1970s by a team of researchers under the leadership of Fred Wendorf and Romuald Schild 1 This team conducted several excavations in 1972 and 1973 recovering tens of thousands of stone artifacts Renewed research in the Gademotta Formation was encouraged by new techniques that allowed for a more precise 40Ar 39Ar clarification needed age of the site published in 2008 2 An age of over 279 000 years old is published for the oldest Middle Stone Age site in the Formation 2 3 Although similar in age with the oldest Middle Stone Age site in the Kapthurin Formation Kenya 4 the oldest occupation at Gademotta is characterized by technological elements that are exclusively attributable to the Middle Stone Age Stone tipped throwing spears of that age have been studied 3 5 References edit F Wendorf R Schild 1974 A Middle Stone Age Sequence from the Central Rift Valley Ethiopia Polska Akademia Nauk Warsaw a b Morgan LE Renne PR 2008 Diachronous dawn for Africa s Middle Stone Age new 40Ar 39Ar ages from the Ethiopian Rift Geology 36 12 967 970 Bibcode 2008Geo 36 967M doi 10 1130 g25213a 1 a b Sahle Y et al 2014 Chronological and behavioral contexts of the earliest Middle Stone Age in the Gademotta Formation Main Ethiopian Rift Quaternary International 331 6 19 Bibcode 2014QuInt 331 6S doi 10 1016 j quaint 2013 03 010 Deino AL McBrearty S 2002 40Ar 39Ar dating of the Kapthurin Formation Baringo Kenya Journal of Human Evolution 42 1 2 185 210 doi 10 1006 jhev 2001 0517 PMID 11795974 Sahle Y Hutchings W K Braun D R Sealy J C Morgan L E Negash A Atnafu B 2013 Petraglia Michael D ed Earliest Stone Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to gt 279 000 Years Ago PLOS ONE 8 11 e78092 Bibcode 2013PLoSO 878092S doi 10 1371 journal pone 0078092 PMC 3827237 PMID 24236011 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gademotta amp oldid 1076423564, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
