Gabriel Bertrand
Gabriel Bertrand (born 17 May 1867 in Paris, died 20 June 1962 in Paris) was a French pharmacologist, biochemist and bacteriologist.
Gabriel Bertrand | |
|---|---|
| Born | 17 May 1867 Paris |
| Died | 20 June 1962 (aged 95) Paris |
| Nationality | French |
| Known for | concepts of oxidase and trace elements Bertrand's rule |
| Scientific career | |
| Institutions | Institut Pasteur |
| Doctoral advisor | Émile Duclaux |
| Other academic advisors | Edmond Frémy |
Bertrand introduced into biochemistry both the term “oxidase” and the concept of trace elements.
The laccase, a polyphenol oxidase and an enzyme oxidating urishiol and laccol obtained from the lacquer tree, was first studied by Gabriel Bertrand[1] in 1894.[2]
Bertrand's rule refers to the fact that the dose–response curve for many micronutrients is non-monotonic, having an initial stage of increasing benefits with increased intake, followed by increasing costs as excesses become toxic.[3] In 2005, Raubenheimer et al. fed excess carbohydrates to Spodoptera littoralis and extended Bertrand's rule to macronutrients.[4]
In 1894, with Césaire Phisalix, he developed an antivenom for use against snake bites.[5]
Bertrand was made a member of the Académie Nationale de Médecine in 1931. In 1932 he became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.[6]
References
- ^ Gabriel Bertrand on isimabomba.free.fr (French)
- ^ Science and civilisation in China: Chemistry and chemical ..., Volume 5, Part 4 By Joseph Needham, Ping-Yü Ho, Gwei-Djen Lu and Nathan Sivin, p. 209
- ^ Does Bertrand's rule apply to macronutrients? D Raubenheimer, K.P Lee and S.J Simpson, Proc Biol Sci. 22 November 2005; 272(1579): 2429–2434, doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3271
- ^ Raubenheimer, D; Lee, KP; Simpson, SJ (22 November 2005). "Does Bertrand's rule apply to macronutrients?". Proc Biol Sci. 272 (1579): 2429–34. doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3271. PMC 1559972. PMID 16243690.
- ^ Le Musee Pasteur 2013-10-19 at the Wayback Machine Césaire et Marie PHISALIX, deux chercheurs comtois
- ^ "G. Bertrand (1867 - 1962)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
External links
- Biography on www.encyclopedia.com