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Fritz Unger

January 01, 1970

Fritz (Frederich) Unger (July 14, 1891 - 1954 Zürich) was an Austrian industrialist and art collector of Jewish heritage forced to flee Hitler's Third Reich.

Life edit

Unger lived in Vienna at Wien I., Esslinggasse 17 / 6 He married Anne Arens (born June 7, 1897, Vienna; died 1994 Berkeley/California), the daughter of businessman and collector Gustav Arens (1867-1936).[1][2][3][4]

Unger was the owner of the family firm, "W. Abeles & Co.", as well as factories in Teesdorf, Lower Austria, and Dugaresa, Yugoslavia.[5]

He also collected art, especially Italian and Dutch old masters.[6][7] When Unger's father-in-law Gustav Arens died in 1935, he and his wife Ann (Dr. Ann Arens Unger) inherited paintings from Arens' collection. One of the paintings passed down to Unger was "Madonna and Child, Saint John the Baptist and two angels," painted in the late 15th century by Jacopo di Arcangelo known as del Sellaio.[4]

Nazi era edit

In June 1938, the Unger family escaped the Nazis via Switzerland and France to the USA.[5] In 1938, the Nazi looting organization E.R.R. seized his property.[8] His furniture and art collection were packed by the forwarding company Dr. Franz Ritter. Pictures by van Goyen and Baur were blocked for export.

In France, Unger's paintings were "donated" to the Louvre in an attempt to obtain a residence permit. In reality, however, the family never received these papers[5][9] Paintings obtained in this way from Unger by the Louvre include "Still Life with Musical Instruments", by Pieter Claesz (ca. 1596–1661),[10] "Still Life with Flowers", by Jan de Heem II (1606-ca. 1684),[11] and "The Family of Darius at the Feet of Alexander", by Francesco Trevisani (1656-1746). But Friedrich Unger and his family never became French. They spent the war and the rest of their lives in the United States.[12]

Unger submitted a claim in 1946, however the French state refused the request because, as Le Monde put it, "the offending regime is the Republic" and the transaction was "Not a theft, not a forced sale, but a gift."

On February 28, 1946, the Louvre's curatorial committee issued a "unanimous" refusal: "Such a decision would risk creating an unfortunate precedent."kept the painting and there was no resolution until 2009[13]

The family repeatedly requested that the French authorities reconsider their decision.

In March 2004, Jacques Foucart, general curator of the department of paintings, interviewed by Le Monde, still considered that the case was clear and that any reconsideration of the donation would be an "abuse of interpretation". This "abuse" was taken up by the Ministry of Culture in December 2008. The request of the Unger family was then judged "legally fragile but morally indisputable". Especially since the family does not claim the restitution of the works, but a compensation. - Le Monde (translation)[14]

Unger's heir later refiled claims for restitution.[15] In 2020 his 93-year-old daughter, Grete Unger Heinz, told The Art Newspaper that she had "lost hope" of ever seeing the paintings resurface.[16] However, one of the looted paintings, "Madonna and Child, Saint John the Baptist and two angels," was rediscovered in the 21st century in the possession of the foundation created by the Italian art collector Francesco Federico Cerruti. The Foundation Cerruti traced the ownership history of the painting, which Cerrutti had acquired at auction at Christie's, to the Galerie Fischer in Lucerne, Switzerland, where it had "appeared mysteriously" in 1974 , three decades after the Nazis seized it from the Ungers.[4] While some of the looted paintings were restituted immediately after the war, many paintings from the Arens-Unger collection are still missing and are listed on France's ERR database.[17]

In 2020 a settlement was reached between the Cerruti foundation and the Arens Unger family.[18][19]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Dr. Friedrich Fritz Unger". geni_family_tree. 14 July 1891. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
  2. ^ "Collection: Unger Family Collection | The Center for Jewish History ArchivesSpace". archives.cjh.org. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  3. ^ "Dr. Friedrich Fritz Unger". geni_family_tree. 14 July 1891. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  4. ^ a b c "A Renaissance Painting Seized by the Nazis Is Rediscovered | Barnebys Magazine". Barnebys.com. 2020-08-26. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
  5. ^ a b c "Lost Art Internet Database - Jüdische Sammler und Kunsthändler (Opfer nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung und Enteignung) - Unger, Fritz". www.lostart.de. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
  6. ^ "Suche | Lost Art-Datenbank". www.lostart.de. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  7. ^ "Jacopo del Sellaio. Provenance of a painting". Castello di Rivoli (in Italian). 2020-07-29. Retrieved 2021-12-21. After the death of Gustav Arens in March 1936, the painting was inherited by his eldest daughter Ann Arens Unger, who, after the annexation of Austria by Germany, suffered racial persecution by the Nazis. The Unger family fled Austria in June 1938 and first took refuge in France, before emigrating to the United States in May 1939. The Jewish family only retrieved their art from Vienna upon payment of a large ransom. Once in the United States, the family tried in vain to export their works of art from the Paris customs warehouse in which they were stored, and, in February 1942, the German authorities plundered the Ungers' property, including their art collection.
  8. ^ "ERR database—Frederic Unger collection (U)". 10 April 2011. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  9. ^ "Lost Art Internet Database - Jüdische Sammler und Kunsthändler (Opfer nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung und Enteignung) - Arens, Dr. Gustav (Nachlass)". www.lostart.de. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
  10. ^ Claesz, Pieter; Pays-Bas (1623), Vanité aux instruments de musique, avec les cinq sens, retrieved 2021-11-12
  11. ^ . 2022-01-30. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-19. Gustave Arens (1867-1936), Vienne (Autriche) ; par héritage, en 1936, sa fille Anna (1897-1994), mariée à Fritz Unger (1891-1954), Vienne ; don de ce dernier, Aurillac, mars 1939, au nom d'Otto Anninger [1874-1954], également de Vienne, associé d'Arens et de Fr. Unger dans leur firme industrielle Abeles et Cie, réfugié comme Unger à Paris puis à Aurillac en 1938-1939, puis parti lui aussi aux États-Unis (en 1939). Sur le don Unger, voir Claesz., R.F. 1939-11 et Trevisani (R.F. 1939-12, cf. Cat. peint. ital. 2007, p. 215, entré comme école française, XVIIIe s.). – À noter qu'Anninger a été oublié dans le répertoire des donateurs du Louvre (1989), son don ayant été placé à tort sous le nom de Fr. Unger.
  12. ^ "La "spoliation" oubliée". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2009-09-15. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
  13. ^ "La "spoliation" oubliée". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2009-09-15. Retrieved 2021-11-12. En effet, si les propriétaires pillés par les nazis ou spoliés par la France de Vichy peuvent prétendre retrouver leurs biens, il en va tout autrement lorsque le régime fautif se trouve être la République. Là réside la première particularité du cas Unger. La seconde tient à la nature de la transaction d'origine. Pas un vol, pas une vente forcée, mais un don. Un principe intangible, qui ne souffre aucune contestation, estime d'ailleurs le comité des conservateurs du Louvre. Le 28 février 1946, il rend un refus "unanime" : "Une telle décision risquerait de créer un précédent fâcheux."
  14. ^ "La "spoliation" oubliée". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 2021-11-12. Depuis, la famille a plusieurs fois réclamé un réexamen de cette décision. En vain. En mars 2004, Jacques Foucart, conservateur général au département des peintures, interrogé par Le Monde, estimait encore que le dossier était limpide et que toute remise en cause du don serait un "abus d'interprétation". Un "abus" repris à son compte par le ministère de la culture dès décembre 2008. La requête de la famille Unger est alors jugée "juridiquement fragile mais moralement indiscutable". D'autant que la famille ne réclame pas la restitution des oeuvres, mais une indemnisation.
  15. ^ "A Renaissance Painting Seized by the Nazis Is Rediscovered | Barnebys Magazine". Barnebys.com. 2020-08-26. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  16. ^ "'I had lost hope': The story behind a Nazi-looted Madonna and long-delayed compensation to Jewish heirs". The Art Newspaper - International art news and events. 2020-07-29. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  17. ^ "HCPO - Still Missing". Department of Financial Services. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  18. ^ "High-Profile Italian Collection Resolves Restitution Dispute Involving Nazi-Looted Renaissance Painting". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
  19. ^ Kamp, Justin (2020-07-29). "Turin Museum Reaches Restitution Deal over Nazi-Looted Renaissance Painting". Artsy. Retrieved 2023-01-29.

January 01, 1970
fritz, unger, fritz, frederich, unger, july, 1891, 1954, zürich, austrian, industrialist, collector, jewish, heritage, forced, flee, hitler, third, reich, contents, life, nazi, also, referenceslife, editunger, lived, vienna, wien, esslinggasse, married, anne, . Fritz Frederich Unger July 14 1891 1954 Zurich was an Austrian industrialist and art collector of Jewish heritage forced to flee Hitler s Third Reich Contents 1 Life 2 Nazi era 3 See also 4 ReferencesLife editUnger lived in Vienna at Wien I Esslinggasse 17 6 He married Anne Arens born June 7 1897 Vienna died 1994 Berkeley California the daughter of businessman and collector Gustav Arens 1867 1936 1 2 3 4 Unger was the owner of the family firm W Abeles amp Co as well as factories in Teesdorf Lower Austria and Dugaresa Yugoslavia 5 He also collected art especially Italian and Dutch old masters 6 7 When Unger s father in law Gustav Arens died in 1935 he and his wife Ann Dr Ann Arens Unger inherited paintings from Arens collection One of the paintings passed down to Unger was Madonna and Child Saint John the Baptist and two angels painted in the late 15th century by Jacopo di Arcangelo known as del Sellaio 4 Nazi era editIn June 1938 the Unger family escaped the Nazis via Switzerland and France to the USA 5 In 1938 the Nazi looting organization E R R seized his property 8 His furniture and art collection were packed by the forwarding company Dr Franz Ritter Pictures by van Goyen and Baur were blocked for export In France Unger s paintings were donated to the Louvre in an attempt to obtain a residence permit In reality however the family never received these papers 5 9 Paintings obtained in this way from Unger by the Louvre include Still Life with Musical Instruments by Pieter Claesz ca 1596 1661 10 Still Life with Flowers by Jan de Heem II 1606 ca 1684 11 and The Family of Darius at the Feet of Alexander by Francesco Trevisani 1656 1746 But Friedrich Unger and his family never became French They spent the war and the rest of their lives in the United States 12 Unger submitted a claim in 1946 however the French state refused the request because as Le Monde put it the offending regime is the Republic and the transaction was Not a theft not a forced sale but a gift On February 28 1946 the Louvre s curatorial committee issued a unanimous refusal Such a decision would risk creating an unfortunate precedent kept the painting and there was no resolution until 2009 13 The family repeatedly requested that the French authorities reconsider their decision In March 2004 Jacques Foucart general curator of the department of paintings interviewed by Le Monde still considered that the case was clear and that any reconsideration of the donation would be an abuse of interpretation This abuse was taken up by the Ministry of Culture in December 2008 The request of the Unger family was then judged legally fragile but morally indisputable Especially since the family does not claim the restitution of the works but a compensation Le Monde translation 14 Unger s heir later refiled claims for restitution 15 In 2020 his 93 year old daughter Grete Unger Heinz told The Art Newspaper that she had lost hope of ever seeing the paintings resurface 16 However one of the looted paintings Madonna and Child Saint John the Baptist and two angels was rediscovered in the 21st century in the possession of the foundation created by the Italian art collector Francesco Federico Cerruti The Foundation Cerruti traced the ownership history of the painting which Cerrutti had acquired at auction at Christie s to the Galerie Fischer in Lucerne Switzerland where it had appeared mysteriously in 1974 three decades after the Nazis seized it from the Ungers 4 While some of the looted paintings were restituted immediately after the war many paintings from the Arens Unger collection are still missing and are listed on France s ERR database 17 In 2020 a settlement was reached between the Cerruti foundation and the Arens Unger family 18 19 See also editList of claims for restitution for Nazi looted art The Holocaust in Austria Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce Nazi looting organisation Paris in World War IIReferences edit Dr Friedrich Fritz Unger geni family tree 14 July 1891 Retrieved 2021 11 12 Collection Unger Family Collection The Center for Jewish History ArchivesSpace archives cjh org Retrieved 2021 12 21 Dr Friedrich Fritz Unger geni family tree 14 July 1891 Retrieved 2021 12 21 a b c A Renaissance Painting Seized by the Nazis Is Rediscovered Barnebys Magazine Barnebys com 2020 08 26 Retrieved 2021 12 23 a b c Lost Art Internet Database Judische Sammler und Kunsthandler Opfer nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung und Enteignung Unger Fritz www lostart de Retrieved 2021 11 12 Suche Lost Art Datenbank www lostart de Retrieved 2021 12 21 Jacopo del Sellaio Provenance of a painting Castello di Rivoli in Italian 2020 07 29 Retrieved 2021 12 21 After the death of Gustav Arens in March 1936 the painting was inherited by his eldest daughter Ann Arens Unger who after the annexation of Austria by Germany suffered racial persecution by the Nazis The Unger family fled Austria in June 1938 and first took refuge in France before emigrating to the United States in May 1939 The Jewish family only retrieved their art from Vienna upon payment of a large ransom Once in the United States the family tried in vain to export their works of art from the Paris customs warehouse in which they were stored and in February 1942 the German authorities plundered the Ungers property including their art collection ERR database Frederic Unger collection U 10 April 2011 Retrieved 2021 12 21 Lost Art Internet Database Judische Sammler und Kunsthandler Opfer nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung und Enteignung Arens Dr Gustav Nachlass www lostart de Retrieved 2021 11 12 Claesz Pieter Pays Bas 1623 Vanite aux instruments de musique avec les cinq sens retrieved 2021 11 12 Nature morte aux fleurs Vanite Louvre Collections 2022 01 30 Archived from the original on 30 January 2022 Retrieved 2022 02 19 Gustave Arens 1867 1936 Vienne Autriche par heritage en 1936 sa fille Anna 1897 1994 mariee a Fritz Unger 1891 1954 Vienne don de ce dernier Aurillac mars 1939 au nom d Otto Anninger 1874 1954 egalement de Vienne associe d Arens et de Fr Unger dans leur firme industrielle Abeles et Cie refugie comme Unger a Paris puis a Aurillac en 1938 1939 puis parti lui aussi aux Etats Unis en 1939 Sur le don Unger voir Claesz R F 1939 11 et Trevisani R F 1939 12 cf Cat peint ital 2007 p 215 entre comme ecole francaise XVIIIe s A noter qu Anninger a ete oublie dans le repertoire des donateurs du Louvre 1989 son don ayant ete place a tort sous le nom de Fr Unger La spoliation oubliee Le Monde fr in French 2009 09 15 Retrieved 2021 11 12 La spoliation oubliee Le Monde fr in French 2009 09 15 Retrieved 2021 11 12 En effet si les proprietaires pilles par les nazis ou spolies par la France de Vichy peuvent pretendre retrouver leurs biens il en va tout autrement lorsque le regime fautif se trouve etre la Republique La reside la premiere particularite du cas Unger La seconde tient a la nature de la transaction d origine Pas un vol pas une vente forcee mais un don Un principe intangible qui ne souffre aucune contestation estime d ailleurs le comite des conservateurs du Louvre Le 28 fevrier 1946 il rend un refus unanime Une telle decision risquerait de creer un precedent facheux La spoliation oubliee www lootedart com Retrieved 2021 11 12 Depuis la famille a plusieurs fois reclame un reexamen de cette decision En vain En mars 2004 Jacques Foucart conservateur general au departement des peintures interroge par Le Monde estimait encore que le dossier etait limpide et que toute remise en cause du don serait un abus d interpretation Un abus repris a son compte par le ministere de la culture des decembre 2008 La requete de la famille Unger est alors jugee juridiquement fragile mais moralement indiscutable D autant que la famille ne reclame pas la restitution des oeuvres mais une indemnisation A Renaissance Painting Seized by the Nazis Is Rediscovered Barnebys Magazine Barnebys com 2020 08 26 Retrieved 2021 12 21 I had lost hope The story behind a Nazi looted Madonna and long delayed compensation to Jewish heirs The Art Newspaper International art news and events 2020 07 29 Retrieved 2021 12 21 HCPO Still Missing Department of Financial Services Retrieved 2021 12 21 High Profile Italian Collection Resolves Restitution Dispute Involving Nazi Looted Renaissance Painting www lootedart com Retrieved 2023 01 29 Kamp Justin 2020 07 29 Turin Museum Reaches Restitution Deal over Nazi Looted Renaissance Painting Artsy Retrieved 2023 01 29 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fritz Unger amp oldid 1177311158, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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