Fritz Redl (9 September 1902 in Klaus near Schladming in Austria – 9 February 1988 in North Adams, Massachusetts) was an Austrian-American child psychoanalyst and educator.
Fritz Redl was born in Klaus, Austria. He witnessed his mother burn to death due to an accident in the kitchen when he was a small child. Redl spent most of his childhood and youth in Vienna. Redl came into contact with the progressive educational methods of the Austrian Montessori movement, possibly through participating in the Wandervogel. He decided to study philosophy. After completing his doctorate on the epistemological principles of Kant's ethics, Redl trained as a psychoanalyst under the influence of August Aichhorn and Anna Freud. During the decade that followed he completed training in psychoanalysis at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute.
While in Vienna he met Gina Weinmann, possibly because both were in analysis with Richard Sterba or possibly because both were involved with the psychoanalytically oriented Montessori movement in Vienna.
He and Weinmann ran a summer camp for disturbed children in the Austrian countryside. Weinmann's first husband, Bruno Bettelheim, secured them the place to hold this camp through connections he had through the lumber business he ran with Mr. Schnitzler.
Redl's dual focus on the education and socialization of children, and on psychoanalytic models of understanding personality development and of the treatment of children, helped specialize his work throughout his career.[1]
In 1936 he moved to the United States where he was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation to participate in a project about adolescence.[2] While in New York he met George Sheviakov with whom he became friends.
After leaving the Rockefeller Foundation he worked at the University of Michigan at Wayne State. While there he frequently drove to Chicago where he visited the Sheviakovs and Bettelheims. Redl and Bruno Bettelheim|Bruno influenced each other as both were developing their ideas about milieu therapy.
Following his Wayne State years he moved to Washington, DC where he had a position at the National Institute of Mental Health. He was elected president of the American Orthopsychiatric Association. He retired in 1973 and moved, with his wife to North Adams, MA where he died after several strokes.
His first two publications (1933–34, in German) — on learning difficulties and exam phobias — were followed by an influential article on "Group Formation and Leadership" published in Psychiatry in 1942.[3] There he explored the role of what he called the "central person" in group dynamics, singling out ten main types of central figures, ranging from the hero or the tyrant, to the good influence or the bad example.[4]
His interest in group dynamics extended into his work with disturbed children, where he developed the concept of the Life Space Interview, as a means of crisis intervention in the life of the troubled child.[5] To help disturbed troubled youth, he suggested the importance of creating a life space that would nurture and inspire positive relationships. He proposed that this be done by structured, engaging activities and by the use of language. Redl also explored the role of behavioral contagion in promoting regression in children,[6] and how close attention to the child's milieu could help enhance behavioral control.[7] His work with groups, summer camps and residential care came together in the residential setting of Pioneer House.[8]
^Gold, Jerry (2011), "Redl, Fritz", in Goldstein, Sam; Naglieri, Jack A. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, Springer US, pp. 1233–1234, doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_2376, ISBN9780387790619
^Marc Rothballer, Kinder, die hassen, und Psychoanalytiker, die erziehen: zu Leben und Werk Fritz Redls (1902-1988) in: jugendhilfe 2 (2019), p. 122-123
^Otto Fenichel, The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis (1946) p. 180, 202 and 646
^H. Brunning, Psychoanalytic Perspectives on a Turbulent World (2010) p. 190
^C. Reynolds ed., Corsini Encyclopedia of Special Education (2004) p. 809
External linksedit
Remembering Fritz Redl
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fritz, redl, september, 1902, klaus, near, schladming, austria, february, 1988, north, adams, massachusetts, austrian, american, child, psychoanalyst, educator, contents, career, selected, publications, also, references, external, linkscareer, edit, born, klau. Fritz Redl 9 September 1902 in Klaus near Schladming in Austria 9 February 1988 in North Adams Massachusetts was an Austrian American child psychoanalyst and educator Contents 1 Career 2 Selected publications 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksCareer editFritz Redl was born in Klaus Austria He witnessed his mother burn to death due to an accident in the kitchen when he was a small child Redl spent most of his childhood and youth in Vienna Redl came into contact with the progressive educational methods of the Austrian Montessori movement possibly through participating in the Wandervogel He decided to study philosophy After completing his doctorate on the epistemological principles of Kant s ethics Redl trained as a psychoanalyst under the influence of August Aichhorn and Anna Freud During the decade that followed he completed training in psychoanalysis at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute While in Vienna he met Gina Weinmann possibly because both were in analysis with Richard Sterba or possibly because both were involved with the psychoanalytically oriented Montessori movement in Vienna He and Weinmann ran a summer camp for disturbed children in the Austrian countryside Weinmann s first husband Bruno Bettelheim secured them the place to hold this camp through connections he had through the lumber business he ran with Mr Schnitzler Redl s dual focus on the education and socialization of children and on psychoanalytic models of understanding personality development and of the treatment of children helped specialize his work throughout his career 1 In 1936 he moved to the United States where he was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation to participate in a project about adolescence 2 While in New York he met George Sheviakov with whom he became friends After leaving the Rockefeller Foundation he worked at the University of Michigan at Wayne State While there he frequently drove to Chicago where he visited the Sheviakovs and Bettelheims Redl and Bruno Bettelheim Bruno influenced each other as both were developing their ideas about milieu therapy Following his Wayne State years he moved to Washington DC where he had a position at the National Institute of Mental Health He was elected president of the American Orthopsychiatric Association He retired in 1973 and moved with his wife to North Adams MA where he died after several strokes His first two publications 1933 34 in German on learning difficulties and exam phobias were followed by an influential article on Group Formation and Leadership published in Psychiatry in 1942 3 There he explored the role of what he called the central person in group dynamics singling out ten main types of central figures ranging from the hero or the tyrant to the good influence or the bad example 4 His interest in group dynamics extended into his work with disturbed children where he developed the concept of the Life Space Interview as a means of crisis intervention in the life of the troubled child 5 To help disturbed troubled youth he suggested the importance of creating a life space that would nurture and inspire positive relationships He proposed that this be done by structured engaging activities and by the use of language Redl also explored the role of behavioral contagion in promoting regression in children 6 and how close attention to the child s milieu could help enhance behavioral control 7 His work with groups summer camps and residential care came together in the residential setting of Pioneer House 8 Selected publications editThe Aggressive Child 1957 When We Deal with Children 1966 See also editBruno Bettelheim Ego psychology Milieu therapy Psychoanalytic criminology Role suction T groupsReferences edit Gold Jerry 2011 Redl Fritz in Goldstein Sam Naglieri Jack A eds Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development Springer US pp 1233 1234 doi 10 1007 978 0 387 79061 9 2376 ISBN 9780387790619 Marc Rothballer Kinder die hassen und Psychoanalytiker die erziehen zu Leben und Werk Fritz Redls 1902 1988 in jugendhilfe 2 2019 p 122 123 Otto Fenichel The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis 1946 p 180 202 and 646 H Brunning Psychoanalytic Perspectives on a Turbulent World 2010 p 190 The Life Space Interview C Reed Psychopathology 1958 p 80 87 J Goldsmith Milieu Therapy 1993 p 19 C Reynolds ed Corsini Encyclopedia of Special Education 2004 p 809External links editRemembering Fritz Redl You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German May 2016 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the German article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 9 121 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Fritz Redl see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated de Fritz Redl to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fritz Redl amp oldid 1205029307, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
