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Bombing of Friedrichshafen in World War II

January 01, 1970

See also: Operation Pointblank and Operation Crossbow

The German city of Friedrichshafen was bombed during World War II as part of the Allied strategic bombing campaign against German war materiel industry, particularly in the targeting of German fighter aircraft production and long range missile development.

Background edit

Friedrichshafen lies in the Bodenseekreis district on Lake Constance in the extreme south of Germany, and at the time it was at the edge of the German nightfighter defences. Targets included the Dornier Flugzeugwerke aircraft works at Manzell, the Maybach tank engine factory, the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin aircraft works and its Oberraderach test facility near Raderach, and the Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen (literally "gearwheel factory Friedrichshafen") tank gearbox factory.

In February 1944 an underground factory at Immenstaad near Friedrichshafen was suspected to be a synthetic oil and/or liquid oxygen plant.[1][2] Near Überlingen,[2] forced labor of concentration camp prisoners in the Goldbach tunnels,[2] KZ Nebenlager Raderach[3] and the Aufkirch subcamp of Dachau concentration camp was used for constructing an underground facility for armament manufacturing (code name "Magnesit"[2]) safe from Allied air raids.

Attacks edit

Chronology
Date Target Notes
1942-08-17 Zeppelin Works Allied intelligence had suspected the Zeppelin Works (German: Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH) was involved with the V-2 rocket.[4]
1943-06-20 Zeppelin Works   Operation Bellicose targeted suspected Würzburg radar production at Friedrichshafen.[5] (In early June, a CIU photo interpreter (Claude Wavell) had identified a stack of ribbed baskets--Würzburg radar reflectors—at the Zeppelin Works, Winston Churchill had reviewed the photos on June 14, and No. 5 Group RAF received attack orders on June 16.)[6] The bombing hit the Zeppelin Works' V-2 production which had only produced a few V-2 tanks and fuselage sections by June 20.[7]: 143 
1944-04-2727/28 April 1944 ZF Friedrichshafen   A night attack by 322 heavy bombers damaged several factories and destroyed the factory producing tank gearboxes. 1,234 tons of bombs were dropped causing (an estimated) 67 percent of the town's built-up area to be destroyed.[8]
1944-07-20 Zeppelin Works   The 485 BG bombed Luftschiffbau Zeppelin.[9] V-2 production planned for Zeppelin had already been moved to the Mittelwerk after the 1943 British bombing raid on the Peenemünde Army Research Center.[7]: 193 
1944-07-28 Dornier Flugzeugwerke   The 464 BG bombed the Manzell aircraft works.
1944-08-03 Oberraderach & ZF Friedrichshafen   Oberraderach (primary target) and the Zahnradfabrik secondary target were bombed.[10][11] As early as September 20, 1942, Albert Speer had warned Hitler of the critical importance of Friedrichshafen tank plants and Schweinfurt ball-bearing plants.[12]
1944-08-16 Oberraderach   The 485 BG bombed the Ober chemical works.
1945-02-25 Maybach tank factory   Mission 847: 377 B-17s are sent to hit the Maybach tank factory at Friedrichshafen (63) using Gee-H.[13] Maybach Motorenbau (Friedrichshafen) and Norddeutsche Motorenbau (Berlin) produced nearly all tank engines.[14]

References edit

Notes
  1. ^ (PDF). Enemy Oil Intelligence Committee. February 6, 1945. Archived from the original (pdf: document starts – p 19) on 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
  2. ^ a b c d http://www.stollen-ueberlingen.de/lng/england.htm (Google translation)
  3. ^ "KZ Nebenlager Raderach" (in German). V2Werk-Oberraderach.com. Retrieved 2010-12-27. (Google translation)
  4. ^ Ordway, Frederick I III; Sharpe, Mitchell R (1979). The Rocket Team. Apogee Books Space Series 36. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. p. 74. ISBN 1-894959-00-0.
  5. ^ "Campaign Diary June 1943". Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary. UK Crown. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
  6. ^ Irving, David (1964). The Mare's Nest. London: William Kimber and Co. pp. 65, 81.
  7. ^ a b Neufeld, Michael J. (1995). The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era. New York: The Free Press. p. 143, 174,193. ISBN 978-0-02-922895-1.
  8. ^ "Campaign Diary April 1944". Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary. UK Crown. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
  9. ^ . 485th Bomb Group Association. Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2010-12-27.
  10. ^ "August 1944". 461st Bombardment Group (H). Retrieved 2010-12-27.
  11. ^ Glantzberg, Hughes. "Missions". 461st Bomb Group (H) "The LibeRaiders". 461st.org. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
  12. ^ Speer, Albert (1970). Inside the Third Reich. Translated by Richard; Clara Winston. New York and Toronto: Macmillan. p. 433. ISBN 978-0-684-82949-4. LCCN 70119132.
  13. ^ McKillop, Jack. . Archived from the original on 2007-06-10. Retrieved 2007-05-25. February 1945 2013-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Williamson, Charles C.; Hughes, Richard D.; Cabell, C. P.; Nazarro, J. J.; Bender, F. P.; Crigglesworth, W. J. (5 March 1944). "Plan for Completion of Combined Bomber Offensive". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Bibliography

External links edit

January 01, 1970
bombing, friedrichshafen, world, also, operation, pointblank, operation, crossbow, german, city, friedrichshafen, bombed, during, world, part, allied, strategic, bombing, campaign, against, german, materiel, industry, particularly, targeting, german, fighter, . See also Operation Pointblank and Operation Crossbow The German city of Friedrichshafen was bombed during World War II as part of the Allied strategic bombing campaign against German war materiel industry particularly in the targeting of German fighter aircraft production and long range missile development Friedrichshafen World War II bombingsPart of Strategic bombing campaign in EuropeZeppelin Museum FriedrichshafenDate1944 1945LocationLake Constance districtBelligerentsFifteenth Air Force RAF Bomber CommandLuftwaffe Defence of the Reich Commanders and leadersCarl SpaatzArthur Harris Contents 1 Background 2 Attacks 3 References 4 External linksBackground editFriedrichshafen lies in the Bodenseekreis district on Lake Constance in the extreme south of Germany and at the time it was at the edge of the German nightfighter defences Targets included the Dornier Flugzeugwerke aircraft works at Manzell the Maybach tank engine factory the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin aircraft works and its Oberraderach test facility near Raderach and the Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen literally gearwheel factory Friedrichshafen tank gearbox factory In February 1944 an underground factory at Immenstaad near Friedrichshafen was suspected to be a synthetic oil and or liquid oxygen plant 1 2 Near Uberlingen 2 forced labor of concentration camp prisoners in the Goldbach tunnels 2 KZ Nebenlager Raderach 3 and the Aufkirch subcamp of Dachau concentration camp was used for constructing an underground facility for armament manufacturing code name Magnesit 2 safe from Allied air raids Attacks editChronology Date Target Notes 1942 08 17 Zeppelin Works Allied intelligence had suspected the Zeppelin Works German Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH was involved with the V 2 rocket 4 1943 06 20 Zeppelin Works nbsp Operation Bellicose targeted suspected Wurzburg radar production at Friedrichshafen 5 In early June a CIU photo interpreter Claude Wavell had identified a stack of ribbed baskets Wurzburg radar reflectors at the Zeppelin Works Winston Churchill had reviewed the photos on June 14 and No 5 Group RAF received attack orders on June 16 6 The bombing hit the Zeppelin Works V 2 production which had only produced a few V 2 tanks and fuselage sections by June 20 7 143 1944 04 27 27 28 April 1944 ZF Friedrichshafen nbsp A night attack by 322 heavy bombers damaged several factories and destroyed the factory producing tank gearboxes 1 234 tons of bombs were dropped causing an estimated 67 percent of the town s built up area to be destroyed 8 1944 07 20 Zeppelin Works nbsp The 485 BG bombed Luftschiffbau Zeppelin 9 V 2 production planned for Zeppelin had already been moved to the Mittelwerk after the 1943 British bombing raid on the Peenemunde Army Research Center 7 193 1944 07 28 Dornier Flugzeugwerke nbsp The 464 BG bombed the Manzell aircraft works 1944 08 03 Oberraderach amp ZF Friedrichshafen nbsp Oberraderach primary target and the Zahnradfabrik secondary target were bombed 10 11 As early as September 20 1942 Albert Speer had warned Hitler of the critical importance of Friedrichshafen tank plants and Schweinfurt ball bearing plants 12 1944 08 16 Oberraderach nbsp The 485 BG bombed the Ober chemical works 1945 02 25 Maybach tank factory nbsp Mission 847 377 B 17s are sent to hit the Maybach tank factory at Friedrichshafen 63 using Gee H 13 Maybach Motorenbau Friedrichshafen and Norddeutsche Motorenbau Berlin produced nearly all tank engines 14 References editNotes Minutes of Meeting No 45 6 PDF Enemy Oil Intelligence Committee February 6 1945 Archived from the original pdf document starts p 19 on 2008 08 21 Retrieved 2009 03 22 a b c d http www stollen ueberlingen de lng england htm Google translation KZ Nebenlager Raderach in German V2Werk Oberraderach com Retrieved 2010 12 27 Google translation Ordway Frederick I III Sharpe Mitchell R 1979 The Rocket Team Apogee Books Space Series 36 New York Thomas Y Crowell p 74 ISBN 1 894959 00 0 Campaign Diary June 1943 Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary UK Crown Archived from the original on 2007 07 06 Retrieved 2009 03 22 Irving David 1964 The Mare s Nest London William Kimber and Co pp 65 81 a b Neufeld Michael J 1995 The Rocket and the Reich Peenemunde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era New York The Free Press p 143 174 193 ISBN 978 0 02 922895 1 Campaign Diary April 1944 Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary UK Crown Archived from the original on 2007 07 06 Retrieved 27 December 2010 485th Missions 485th Bomb Group Association Archived from the original on 2011 07 24 Retrieved 2010 12 27 August 1944 461st Bombardment Group H Retrieved 2010 12 27 Glantzberg Hughes Missions 461st Bomb Group H The LibeRaiders 461st org Retrieved 2009 10 16 Speer Albert 1970 Inside the Third Reich Translated by Richard Clara Winston New York and Toronto Macmillan p 433 ISBN 978 0 684 82949 4 LCCN 70119132 McKillop Jack Combat Chronology of the USAAF Archived from the original on 2007 06 10 Retrieved 2007 05 25 February 1945 Archived 2013 09 29 at the Wayback Machine Williamson Charles C Hughes Richard D Cabell C P Nazarro J J Bender F P Crigglesworth W J 5 March 1944 Plan for Completion of Combined Bomber Offensive a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Bibliography Our Missions The 464 BG Mission List permanent dead link External links editOperation Bellicose map ZF Friedrichshafen damage permanent dead link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bombing of Friedrichshafen in World War II amp oldid 1223347847, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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