François Mayoux (24 June 1882 – 21 July 1967) was a French teacher who became in turn a socialist, communist and revolutionary syndicalist. He and his wife Marie Mayoux were imprisoned during World War I (1914–18) for publishing a pacifist pamphlet. He wrote many articles for anarchist journals.
François Mayoux was born on 24 June 1882 in Beaulieu-sur-Sonnette, Charente.[1] He became a teacher, and his partner Marie Mayoux was also a teacher.[2] Marie and Francois taught in Charente, then in Bouches-du-Rhône. They belonged to the Fédération nationale des Syndicats d'institutrices et instituteurs publics.[3]
The International Action Committee (CAI: Comité d'action internationale) was founded in December 1915 by French syndicalists who supported the pacifist declarations of the Zimmerwald Conference. In 1916 the CAI merged with the Socialist Minority Committee to form the Committee for the Resumption of International Relations (Comité pour la réprise des rélations internationales).[4] In February 1917 the Committee for the Resumption of International Relations split up. Alphonse Merrheim withdrew to concentrate on union work. Pierre Brizon, Jean Raffin-Dugens and Bourderon joining the SFIO minority led by Jean Longuet. The socialists Fernand Loriot, Charles Rappoport, Louise Saumoneau and François Mayoux took control of the committee.[5]
In 1917 the Mayouxes were condemned to two years in prison and a heavy fine for published a pacifist brochure entitled "The Teachers Union and the War".[2] The teacher and pacifist Madeleine Vernet gave a home to their eldest son.[6] Marie was released on 1 April 1919 after ten months.[2] Francois had to wait to be released until the amnesty shortly before the legislative elections of 14 November 1919.[3] Their licenses to teach were revoked, and would not be reinstated until 1924.[2]
Communistedit
The Mayouxes left the SFIO in November 1919 and joined the French Communist Party (PCF: Parti communiste français) after the Congress of Tours. Francois was secretary of the Union des syndicats des Bouches-du-Rhône from 1919 to 1921.[3] Marie and François Mayoux were expelled from the PCF at the Party congress held in Paris from 16–19 October 1922 as "unrepentant sydicalists".[7] Francois said this was due to their defense of the autonomy of unions from the Communist Party, and their sympathy with the Russian opposition.[3]
Anarchistedit
From 1923 to 1936 the Mayouxes published a small bulletin Notre point de vue.[3] They became libertarian, and wrote for anarchist journals such as La Revue Anarchiste, La Voix Libertaire, CQFD, Défense de l'Homme and Le Monde Libertaire. In 1929 they were expelled from the Confédération générale du travail unitaire (CGTU), but continued their activism.[2] After being expelled from the CGTU they founded an independent teacher's union.[3] They supported the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) and denounced the Stalinist "gravediggers." At the start of World War II (1939–45) their son Jehan Mayoux, who shared his parents' pacifist convictions, refused conscription and was imprisoned. After the war Francois wrote his memoirs while in retirement in La Ciotat.[2] François Mayoux died on 21 July 1967 at La Ciotat.[1]
Publicationsedit
Marie Mayoux; François Mayoux (1917). Les Instituteurs syndicalistes et la guerre. p. 16.
François Mayoux (1992). Instituteurs pacifistes et syndicalistes: mémoires de F. Mayoux. Chamalières : Éd. Canope. p. 363.
Jacquier, Charles (1994). "André Bösiger, Souvenirs d'un rebelle __**__ Marie et François Mayoux, Instituteurs pacifistes et syndicalistes, introduction de Daniel Guérin, postface de Madeleine Rebérioux". Mil Neuf Cent (in French). 12 (12): 248–253. Retrieved 2015-03-22.
Gankin, Olga Hess; Fisher, Harold Henry (1940-01-01). The Bolsheviks and the World War: The Origin of the Third International. Stanford University Press. ISBN978-0-8047-0345-1. Retrieved 2013-09-20.
"Marie et François Mayoux". Ephéméride Anarchiste (in French). Retrieved 2015-03-22.
"MAYOUX Marie et François, dits BOUGON Joséphine et BOUGON Constant". Dictionnaire Biographique Mouvement Ouvrier Mouvement Social (in French). Maitron/Editions de l'Atelier. Retrieved 2015-03-22.
R.D. (2012-09-13). "VERNET Madeleine [CAVELIER Madeleine, Eugénie, Clémentine, Victorine, dite]". Dictionnaire international des militants anarchistes (in French). Retrieved 2014-11-19.
Riddell, John, ed. (2011-10-14). "Trade Unions". Toward the United Front: Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the Communist International, 1922. BRILL. ISBN978-90-04-20778-3. Retrieved 2014-12-18.
Wohl, Robert (1966-01-01). French Communism in the Making, 1914–1924. Stanford University Press. p. 149. ISBN978-0-8047-0177-8. Retrieved 2013-09-17.
February 27, 2024
françois, mayoux, june, 1882, july, 1967, french, teacher, became, turn, socialist, communist, revolutionary, syndicalist, wife, marie, mayoux, were, imprisoned, during, world, 1914, publishing, pacifist, pamphlet, wrote, many, articles, anarchist, journals, 1. Francois Mayoux 24 June 1882 21 July 1967 was a French teacher who became in turn a socialist communist and revolutionary syndicalist He and his wife Marie Mayoux were imprisoned during World War I 1914 18 for publishing a pacifist pamphlet He wrote many articles for anarchist journals Francois MayouxFrancois Mayoux c 1920Born 1882 06 24 24 June 1882Beaulieu sur Sonnette Charente FranceDied21 July 1967 1967 07 21 aged 85 La Ciotat Bouches du Rhone FranceNationalityFrenchOccupationTeacherKnown forAnarcho syndicalism Contents 1 Early years 2 Socialist 3 Communist 4 Anarchist 5 Publications 6 References 7 SourcesEarly years editFrancois Mayoux was born on 24 June 1882 in Beaulieu sur Sonnette Charente 1 He became a teacher and his partner Marie Mayoux was also a teacher 2 Marie and Francois taught in Charente then in Bouches du Rhone They belonged to the Federation nationale des Syndicats d institutrices et instituteurs publics 3 Socialist editDuring World War I 1914 18 the Mayouxes were firm pacifists and hostile to the Union sacree 3 They both joined the socialist French Section of the Workers International SFIO Section francaise de l internationale ouvriere in 1915 They were placed on Carnet B 2 The International Action Committee CAI Comite d action internationale was founded in December 1915 by French syndicalists who supported the pacifist declarations of the Zimmerwald Conference In 1916 the CAI merged with the Socialist Minority Committee to form the Committee for the Resumption of International Relations Comite pour la reprise des relations internationales 4 In February 1917 the Committee for the Resumption of International Relations split up Alphonse Merrheim withdrew to concentrate on union work Pierre Brizon Jean Raffin Dugens and Bourderon joining the SFIO minority led by Jean Longuet The socialists Fernand Loriot Charles Rappoport Louise Saumoneau and Francois Mayoux took control of the committee 5 In 1917 the Mayouxes were condemned to two years in prison and a heavy fine for published a pacifist brochure entitled The Teachers Union and the War 2 The teacher and pacifist Madeleine Vernet gave a home to their eldest son 6 Marie was released on 1 April 1919 after ten months 2 Francois had to wait to be released until the amnesty shortly before the legislative elections of 14 November 1919 3 Their licenses to teach were revoked and would not be reinstated until 1924 2 Communist editThe Mayouxes left the SFIO in November 1919 and joined the French Communist Party PCF Parti communiste francais after the Congress of Tours Francois was secretary of the Union des syndicats des Bouches du Rhone from 1919 to 1921 3 Marie and Francois Mayoux were expelled from the PCF at the Party congress held in Paris from 16 19 October 1922 as unrepentant sydicalists 7 Francois said this was due to their defense of the autonomy of unions from the Communist Party and their sympathy with the Russian opposition 3 Anarchist editFrom 1923 to 1936 the Mayouxes published a small bulletin Notre point de vue 3 They became libertarian and wrote for anarchist journals such as La Revue Anarchiste La Voix Libertaire CQFD Defense de l Homme and Le Monde Libertaire In 1929 they were expelled from the Confederation generale du travail unitaire CGTU but continued their activism 2 After being expelled from the CGTU they founded an independent teacher s union 3 They supported the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War 1936 39 and denounced the Stalinist gravediggers At the start of World War II 1939 45 their son Jehan Mayoux who shared his parents pacifist convictions refused conscription and was imprisoned After the war Francois wrote his memoirs while in retirement in La Ciotat 2 Francois Mayoux died on 21 July 1967 at La Ciotat 1 Publications editMarie Mayoux Francois Mayoux 1917 Les Instituteurs syndicalistes et la guerre p 16 Francois Mayoux 1992 Instituteurs pacifistes et syndicalistes memoires de F Mayoux Chamalieres Ed Canope p 363 References edit a b MAYOUX Marie et Francois dits Maitron a b c d e f g Marie et Francois Mayoux Ephemeride a b c d e f g Jacquier 1994 p 250 Gankin amp Fisher 1940 p 562 Wohl 1966 p 81 R D 2012 Riddell 2011 p 572 Sources editJacquier Charles 1994 Andre Bosiger Souvenirs d un rebelle Marie et Francois Mayoux Instituteurs pacifistes et syndicalistes introduction de Daniel Guerin postface de Madeleine Reberioux Mil Neuf Cent in French 12 12 248 253 Retrieved 2015 03 22 Gankin Olga Hess Fisher Harold Henry 1940 01 01 The Bolsheviks and the World War The Origin of the Third International Stanford University Press ISBN 978 0 8047 0345 1 Retrieved 2013 09 20 Marie et Francois Mayoux Ephemeride Anarchiste in French Retrieved 2015 03 22 MAYOUX Marie et Francois dits BOUGON Josephine et BOUGON Constant Dictionnaire Biographique Mouvement Ouvrier Mouvement Social in French Maitron Editions de l Atelier Retrieved 2015 03 22 R D 2012 09 13 VERNET Madeleine CAVELIER Madeleine Eugenie Clementine Victorine dite Dictionnaire international des militants anarchistes in French Retrieved 2014 11 19 Riddell John ed 2011 10 14 Trade Unions Toward the United Front Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the Communist International 1922 BRILL ISBN 978 90 04 20778 3 Retrieved 2014 12 18 Wohl Robert 1966 01 01 French Communism in the Making 1914 1924 Stanford University Press p 149 ISBN 978 0 8047 0177 8 Retrieved 2013 09 17 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Francois Mayoux amp oldid 1208536278, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
