Foreign commerce and shipping of the Empire of Japan
May 02, 2024
During the Empire of Japan and up to 1945, Japan was dependent on imported foods and raw materials for industry. At the time, Japan had one of the largest merchant fleets in the world with a total of approximately 6 million tonnes of displacement before December 1941.[1] Despite heavy naval losses during the Pacific War, Japan was still left with 4,700,000 tonnes.
Tradeedit
Despite popular perception, during the 1930s Japan was exporting low-cost items successfully.[2] However, between the years of 1929 and 1938 foreign commerce dropped from 3.7% to 3.5%. Japan ran a trade deficit, selling a total of US$12.85 and buying US$15.25 per capita. This was in part brought on by the purchase of wartime materials.
Japan exported 32% of its total output to the United States, and purchased 21% of its foreign trade.
Japan's imports were as follows:
32% - cotton
9% - wool
9% - iron
6% - petroleum
4% - machinery
3% - soybeans
2% - wheat
Japan's exports were as follows:
19% - wool articles
15% - raw silk
15% - rayon
3% - machinery
Japan's primary exports were raw silk, controlling 80% of the world's production, and tea, controlling 10%.
Japan's total foreign trade was equivalent to Belgium, a country with less than 10% of Japan's population.
In 1897, the local monetary unit, the yen, was valued on the gold standard at a base level of 24.5 British Pence, which permits the use in the figures of the pound sterling or gold-backed US dollars.
(1 Yen = 24.5 British Penny or 10.8 Yen = 1 British Guinea = 1.05 Pounds Sterling)
Values in millions of British Pounds
Dates
Imports
Exports
1891 to 1895
11.51
12.61
1901 to 1905
35.92
30.23
1906 to 1910
46.40
43.70
1911 to 1913
64.63
55.51
1925 to 1929
213.48
187.55
Values in Millions of Gold U.S. Dollars
Dates
Imports
Exports
1891–1895
55
60
1901–1905
175
150
1906–1910
230
215
1911–1913
320
275
1925–1929
1,050
925
During the worldwide depression (1931 to 1934), Japanese exterior commerce grew.[2] The expansion of this trade was in part due to European difficulties in supplying their colonies, allowing Japan to expand into new markets. Before the war, crude silk represented one-third of exports and 10% of processed silk. Other products for export were rayon, cotton, processed silk and others. In 1937 exports were crude silk, cotton fabrics, and rayon. Japan was importing raw cotton, wool, and oil imported products.
^Murray, Williamson; Allan Reed Millett (2000). A War to Be Won: Fighting the Second World War. Harvard University Press. p. 39. ISBN0-674-00680-1.
^ abHunter, Janet (2000). Japanese economic history 1930–1960. Routledge. pp. 2–15. ISBN0-415-21815-2.
May 02, 2024
foreign, commerce, shipping, empire, japan, during, empire, japan, 1945, japan, dependent, imported, foods, materials, industry, time, japan, largest, merchant, fleets, world, with, total, approximately, million, tonnes, displacement, before, december, 1941, d. During the Empire of Japan and up to 1945 Japan was dependent on imported foods and raw materials for industry At the time Japan had one of the largest merchant fleets in the world with a total of approximately 6 million tonnes of displacement before December 1941 1 Despite heavy naval losses during the Pacific War Japan was still left with 4 700 000 tonnes Trade editDespite popular perception during the 1930s Japan was exporting low cost items successfully 2 However between the years of 1929 and 1938 foreign commerce dropped from 3 7 to 3 5 Japan ran a trade deficit selling a total of US 12 85 and buying US 15 25 per capita This was in part brought on by the purchase of wartime materials Japan s primary trading partners in order were United States Manchukuo Wang Jingwei Government Mengjiang Occupied Chinese territories India United Kingdom Dutch Indies Japan exported 32 of its total output to the United States and purchased 21 of its foreign trade Japan s imports were as follows 32 cotton 9 wool 9 iron 6 petroleum 4 machinery 3 soybeans 2 wheat Japan s exports were as follows 19 wool articles 15 raw silk 15 rayon 3 machinery Japan s primary exports were raw silk controlling 80 of the world s production and tea controlling 10 Japan s total foreign trade was equivalent to Belgium a country with less than 10 of Japan s population In 1897 the local monetary unit the yen was valued on the gold standard at a base level of 24 5 British Pence which permits the use in the figures of the pound sterling or gold backed US dollars 1 Yen 24 5 British Penny or 10 8 Yen 1 British Guinea 1 05 Pounds Sterling Values in millions of British Pounds Dates Imports Exports 1891 to 1895 11 51 12 61 1901 to 1905 35 92 30 23 1906 to 1910 46 40 43 70 1911 to 1913 64 63 55 51 1925 to 1929 213 48 187 55 Values in Millions of Gold U S Dollars Dates Imports Exports 1891 1895 55 60 1901 1905 175 150 1906 1910 230 215 1911 1913 320 275 1925 1929 1 050 925 During the worldwide depression 1931 to 1934 Japanese exterior commerce grew 2 The expansion of this trade was in part due to European difficulties in supplying their colonies allowing Japan to expand into new markets Before the war crude silk represented one third of exports and 10 of processed silk Other products for export were rayon cotton processed silk and others In 1937 exports were crude silk cotton fabrics and rayon Japan was importing raw cotton wool and oil imported products See also editImperial Japanese Army Railways and Shipping Section Japanese naval codes including Merchant shipping codes JN 39 Maru code JN 40 JN 152 JN 167 Ministry of the Navy Japan References edit Murray Williamson Allan Reed Millett 2000 A War to Be Won Fighting the Second World War Harvard University Press p 39 ISBN 0 674 00680 1 a b Hunter Janet 2000 Japanese economic history 1930 1960 Routledge pp 2 15 ISBN 0 415 21815 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Foreign commerce and shipping of the Empire of Japan amp oldid 1171767301, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
