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Foil (fencing)

January 26, 2023

A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing, all of which are metal. It is flexible, rectangular in cross section, and weighs under a pound. As with the épée, points are only scored by contact with the tip, which, in electrically scored tournaments, is capped with a spring-loaded button to signal a touch. A foil fencer's uniform features the lamé (a vest, electrically wired to record valid hits). The foil is the most commonly used weapon in competition.[1][2][3]

Arianna Errigo (L) competes against Carolin Golubytskyi (R) in the final of the women's foil event, 2013 World Fencing Championships

Non-electric and electric foils

 
Italo Santelli (left) and Jean-Baptiste Mimiague exhibiting techniques of foil fencing at the 1900 Olympics

Background

There are two types of foils that are used in modern fencing. Both types are made with the same basic parts: the pommel, grip, guard, and blade. The difference between them is one is electric, and the other is known as "steam" or "dry".[4] The blades of both varieties are capped with a plastic or rubber piece, with a button at the tip in electric blades, that provides information when the blade tip touches the opponent.[4] (There are also a range of plastic swords made by varying manufacturers for use by juniors.[5]) Lacking the button and associated electrical mechanism, a judge is required to determine the scoring and the victor in a tournament with non-electric foils.[6]

Non-electric ones are primarily used for practice.[citation needed] The Fédération Internationale d'Escrime and most national organizations require electric scoring apparatus since the 1956 Olympics, although some organizations still fence competitively with non-electric swords.[citation needed]

Blade

Foils have standardized, tapered, rectangular blades in length and cross-section that are made of tempered and annealed low-carbon steel[7]—or maraging steel as required for international competitions.[8] To prevent the blade from breaking or causing harm to an opponent, the blade is made to bend upon impact with its target.[4] The maximum length of the blade must be 90 cm.[9] The length of the assembled weapon at maximum is 110 cm, and the maximum weight must be less than 500g;[9] however, most competition foils are lighter, closer to 350g.[7]

The blade of a foil has two sections: the forte (strong) which is the one third of the blade near the guard, and the foible (weak) which is the two thirds of the blade near the tip.[9] There is a part of the blade contained within the grip called a tang. It extends past the grip enough to be fastened to the pommel and to hold the rest of the foil together.[9] When an Italian grip is used, see below, a ricasso extends from under the guard, inside of the grip's quillons, into the tang.

Guard assembly

 
A foil fitted with an Italian grip. The Italian grip is still in use as the initial teaching weapon in Italy and many other countries that follow the Italian pedagogical tradition. While still in use with many classical fencers, most competitive sport fencers have abandoned the Italian grip in favor of variations of the pistol grip, with the French grip used rarely. The French grip is easier to learn, but the pistol grip gives a wider range of handling. As of March 2019, the Italian grip remains legal for use in modern competition.[10]

The guard is fastened to the blade, plug, and grip. Then the pommel, a type of fastener, is attached to the grip and holds the rest together. The type of pommel used depends on the type of grip.[4] Two grips are used in foil: straight traditional grips with external pommels (Italian, French, Spanish, and orthopedic varieties);[4] and the newer design of pistol grips, which fix the hand in a specific, ergonomic position, and which have pommels that fit into a countersink in the grip.[4]

Electric foils

 
Parts of a foil. Exploded view of a modern fencing foil, with a Visconti grip and a bayonet-style body cord plug[citation needed]

Beginning with the 1956 Olympics, scoring in foil has been accomplished by means of registering the touch with an electric circuit. A switch at the tip of the foil registers the touch, and a metallic foil vest, or lamé, verifies that the touch is on valid target.[11]

Cord

The cord of any type of electric fencing weapon goes through the fencing gear, coming out behind the fencer. The cord of a foil has one end connecting to the back of the fencing strip, and the other end attaches to the foil. The two ends are not interchangeable with one another.

Socket

The electric foil contains a socket underneath the guard that connects to the scoring apparatus via the body cord and a wire that runs down a channel cut into the top of the blade. Electric foil sockets are fixed so that the body cord plugs into the weapon at the fencer's wrist.[4] There are two main sockets in use today: the "bayonette" which has a single prong and twists-locks into the foil, and the two prong, which has different diameters for each prong, held in place by a clip.[4]

Tip

The tip of the electric foil terminates in a button assembly that generally consists of a barrel, plunger, spring, and retaining screws.[12] The circuit is a "normally closed" one, meaning that at rest there is always a complete power circuit; depressing the tip breaks this circuit, and the scoring apparatus illuminates an appropriate light.[citation needed] Color-coding is used: white or yellow indicates hits not on the valid target area, and either red or green indicate hits on the valid target area (red for one fencer, green for the other).[citation needed]

History

Further information: History of fencing
 
"Pariser" small sword, from which the French foil was derived

The modern foil is the training weapon for the small-sword, the common sidearm of 18th century gentleman. Rapier and even longsword foils are also known to have been used, but their weight and use were very different.[13][14]

Although the foil as a blunted weapon for sword practice goes back to the 16th century (for example, in Hamlet, Shakespeare writes "let the foils be brought"[15]), the use as a weapon for sport is more recent. The foil was used in France as a training weapon in the middle of the 18th century in order to practice fast and elegant thrust fencing. Fencers blunted the point by wrapping a foil around the blade or fastening a knob on the point ("blossom", French fleuret).[3][16][17] In addition to practicing, some fencers took away the protection and used the sharp foil for duels. German students took up that practice in academic fencing and developed the Pariser ("Parisian") thrusting small sword for the Stoßmensur ("thrusting mensur").[17]

The target area for modern foil is said to come from a time when fencing was practiced with limited safety equipment. Another factor in the target area is that foil rules are derived from a period when dueling to the death was the norm. Hence, the favored target area is the torso, where the vital organs are.[17]

In 1896, foil (and saber) were included as events in the first Olympic Games in Athens.[18]

Women's foil

Women's foil was first competed at the Olympics in 1924 in Paris,[18] and was the only Olympic fencing event in which women competed until women's épée was introduced at the 1996 Olympics.[19] Nowadays, women's fencing is just as popular as men's, and consists of all weapons (foil, épée, and sabre).

Ratings

Ratings/Rankings are generally run by national fencing federations and use varying scales based on that particular federations system. These ratings are used as the basis for initial seeding into the pool rounds of tournaments and vary country to country.

Groups

Age groups are necessary to separate skill and body maturity levels in order to create a level playing field. The current age groups for foil (and also épée and sabre) are Y10 (age 10 and under), Y12 (age 12 and under), Y14 (age 14 and under), cadet (age 16 and under), junior (age 19 and under), and senior (anything over 19). While an older competitor cannot compete in a younger category, the contrary is allowed and encouraged, in order to expedite learning.

The veteran age group consists of 40 and over, 60 and over, and 70 and over sub-groups.

Rules

The rules for the sport of fencing are regulated by national sporting associations—in the United States, the United States Fencing Association (USFA)[20] and internationally by the International Fencing Federation, or Fédération Internationale d'Escrime (FIE).[21]

The detailed rules for foil are listed in the USFA Rulebook.[22]

Rules for the sport of fencing date back to the 19th century.[23][24] The current international rules for foil were adopted by the FIE Committee for Foil on 12 June 1914. They are based on previous sets of rules adopted by national associations. The rules governing the use of electrical judging apparatus were adopted in 1957 and have been amended several times.[25]

Scoring

The foil is used as a thrusting (or point) weapon only. Contact with the side of the blade (a slap or slash) does not result in a score. The tip of the foil must be depressed for at least 15 (± .5) milliseconds while in contact with the opponent's lamé (wire-mesh jacket which covers valid target area) to score a touch. The foil lamé only covers the torso while in saber it covers the whole upper body. The tip must be able to support a minimum force of 4.90 newtons (500 grams-force) without the circuit breaking. This is tested with a 500g (± 3g) weight.[22]

Target area

In foil the valid target area includes the torso (including the lower part of the bib of the mask) and the groin. The head (except the lower part of the bib of the mask), arms, and legs are considered off target. Touches made off-target do not count for points, but do stop play.[26] Touches to the guard are the only touches that do not stop play.[citation needed] The target area has been changed multiple times, with the latest change consisting of adding the bottom half of the bib to the target zone.[citation needed]

 
Target area for foil

Priority (right of way)

Further information: Priority (fencing)

Foil competition and scoring is governed by the rules of priority, also known as right of way.[26] Originally meant to indicate which competitor would have scored the touch (or lethally injured the other), it is now a main contributor to the appeal of the sport of fencing. In essence, it decides who receives the point (there can only be one competitor that receives a point per engagement) when both competitors hit.

The basic rules are whoever the referee judges to be the attacking fencer has "priority". This "priority" can be changed in several ways. The first is the defending fencer deflects the attack from the fencer with "priority" with the forte (strong) of their blade (a "parry"). This switches the "priority" to the fencer who just parried. The second way priority can be switched is if the attacking fencer's attack misses (this is generally judged off of the attacking fencer's arm extension. The final major way "priority" can be shifted is if the defending fencer "beats" their opponent's blade (this can also be used by the attacking fencer to make it clear to the referee that they are continuing their attack) this involves striking the foible (weak) of their opponents blade with their own. If both fencers are judged by the referee to be seeking to beat each other's blades then the fencer who is on the attack is favored.[27]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Fencing competition types: Foil, Sabre, and Epee". ActiveSG. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  2. ^ "All About Foil". SW Florida Fencing. 2018-01-31. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  3. ^ a b https://idrottonline.se/LjungbyFK-Faktning/globalassets/ljungby-fk---faktning/dokument/a-parents-guide-to-fencing.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Fencing Weapons". www.physicalarts.com. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  5. ^ "Size 3 Leon Paul Plastic Foil - Plastic - Swords - Mini-Fence". www.leonpaul.com. Retrieved 2021-08-07.
  6. ^ Nelson, Danielle (2015-03-17). "The technology behind fencing". The Temple News. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  7. ^ a b "Weapons". USA Fencing. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  8. ^ "Fencing 101". www.blue-gauntlet.com. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  9. ^ a b c d "USA Fencing Rulebook". USA Fencing. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  10. ^ Fencing Officials Commission (December 29, 2012). "Referees' Commission: Is My Grip Legal?". Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  11. ^ "Fencing - Organized sport". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-10-13.
  12. ^ "FIE Material Rules" (PDF). September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ "Fencing Weapons". www.fencing.ab.ca. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  14. ^ "THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOIL (Part 1) / LeonPaul.com". www.leonpaul.com. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  15. ^ William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act V, Scene II in (accessed 20 February 2016).
  16. ^ https://static.detroittitans.com/custompages/Fencing/2010-11%20Stats%20and%20Results/The%20Basics%20of%20Fencing.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  17. ^ a b c PutraDanayu (2021-03-30). Sword. Putra Ayu.
  18. ^ a b FIE History: Fencing history (accessed 21 Jan 2016)
  19. ^ Reference: Olympic website, Fencing Equipment and History (accessed 22 January 2016).
  20. ^ Garret, Maxwell R.; Kaidanov, Emmanuil G.; Pezza, Gil A. (1994). Foil, Saber, and Épée Fencing: Skills, Safety, Operations, and Responsibilities. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0-271-01019-9.
  21. ^ Fencing: Ancient to Modern. In the Hands of a Child.
  22. ^ a b "SportsEngine". usfencing.org. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  23. ^ Rules used by the Amateur Fencers’ League of America dating to 1891 can be found at the Museum of American Fencing site. See next reference.
  24. ^ "Rule Books – Museum Of American Fencing". museumofamericanfencing.com. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  25. ^ Higginson, Steve; Jacobs, Peter; Smith, Peter (2014) [2010]. "The FIE Rules for Competitions" (PDF). British Fencing Association. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  26. ^ a b "Weapons - Rules - Tokyo loves fencing - FIE". tokyo2020.fie.org. Retrieved 2021-10-13.
  27. ^ Blue/Finals Piste: Men's Foil Team Bronze & Gold Medal Bouts - Fencing | Tokyo 2020 Replays https://olympics.com/en/video/blue-finals-piste-men-s-foil-team-bronze-gold-medal-bouts-fencing-tokyo-2020-rep. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

External links

 
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Foil-fencing".
  • Official website – International Fencing Federation
  • Components of a Foil
  • U.S. Fencing organization home page
  • Fédération Internationale d'Escrime organisation home page&

January 26, 2023
foil, fencing, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, foil, fencing, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jsto. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Foil fencing news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing all of which are metal It is flexible rectangular in cross section and weighs under a pound As with the epee points are only scored by contact with the tip which in electrically scored tournaments is capped with a spring loaded button to signal a touch A foil fencer s uniform features the lame a vest electrically wired to record valid hits The foil is the most commonly used weapon in competition 1 2 3 Arianna Errigo L competes against Carolin Golubytskyi R in the final of the women s foil event 2013 World Fencing Championships Contents 1 Non electric and electric foils 1 1 Background 1 2 Blade 1 3 Guard assembly 1 4 Electric foils 1 4 1 Cord 1 4 2 Socket 1 4 3 Tip 2 History 2 1 Women s foil 2 2 Ratings 2 3 Groups 3 Rules 3 1 Scoring 3 2 Target area 3 3 Priority right of way 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksNon electric and electric foils Edit Italo Santelli left and Jean Baptiste Mimiague exhibiting techniques of foil fencing at the 1900 Olympics Background Edit There are two types of foils that are used in modern fencing Both types are made with the same basic parts the pommel grip guard and blade The difference between them is one is electric and the other is known as steam or dry 4 The blades of both varieties are capped with a plastic or rubber piece with a button at the tip in electric blades that provides information when the blade tip touches the opponent 4 There are also a range of plastic swords made by varying manufacturers for use by juniors 5 Lacking the button and associated electrical mechanism a judge is required to determine the scoring and the victor in a tournament with non electric foils 6 Non electric ones are primarily used for practice citation needed The Federation Internationale d Escrime and most national organizations require electric scoring apparatus since the 1956 Olympics although some organizations still fence competitively with non electric swords citation needed Blade Edit Foils have standardized tapered rectangular blades in length and cross section that are made of tempered and annealed low carbon steel 7 or maraging steel as required for international competitions 8 To prevent the blade from breaking or causing harm to an opponent the blade is made to bend upon impact with its target 4 The maximum length of the blade must be 90 cm 9 The length of the assembled weapon at maximum is 110 cm and the maximum weight must be less than 500g 9 however most competition foils are lighter closer to 350g 7 The blade of a foil has two sections the forte strong which is the one third of the blade near the guard and the foible weak which is the two thirds of the blade near the tip 9 There is a part of the blade contained within the grip called a tang It extends past the grip enough to be fastened to the pommel and to hold the rest of the foil together 9 When an Italian grip is used see below a ricasso extends from under the guard inside of the grip s quillons into the tang Guard assembly Edit A foil fitted with an Italian grip The Italian grip is still in use as the initial teaching weapon in Italy and many other countries that follow the Italian pedagogical tradition While still in use with many classical fencers most competitive sport fencers have abandoned the Italian grip in favor of variations of the pistol grip with the French grip used rarely The French grip is easier to learn but the pistol grip gives a wider range of handling As of March 2019 the Italian grip remains legal for use in modern competition 10 The guard is fastened to the blade plug and grip Then the pommel a type of fastener is attached to the grip and holds the rest together The type of pommel used depends on the type of grip 4 Two grips are used in foil straight traditional grips with external pommels Italian French Spanish and orthopedic varieties 4 and the newer design of pistol grips which fix the hand in a specific ergonomic position and which have pommels that fit into a countersink in the grip 4 Electric foils Edit Parts of a foil Exploded view of a modern fencing foil with a Visconti grip and a bayonet style body cord plug citation needed Beginning with the 1956 Olympics scoring in foil has been accomplished by means of registering the touch with an electric circuit A switch at the tip of the foil registers the touch and a metallic foil vest or lame verifies that the touch is on valid target 11 Cord Edit The cord of any type of electric fencing weapon goes through the fencing gear coming out behind the fencer The cord of a foil has one end connecting to the back of the fencing strip and the other end attaches to the foil The two ends are not interchangeable with one another Socket Edit The electric foil contains a socket underneath the guard that connects to the scoring apparatus via the body cord and a wire that runs down a channel cut into the top of the blade Electric foil sockets are fixed so that the body cord plugs into the weapon at the fencer s wrist 4 There are two main sockets in use today the bayonette which has a single prong and twists locks into the foil and the two prong which has different diameters for each prong held in place by a clip 4 Tip Edit The tip of the electric foil terminates in a button assembly that generally consists of a barrel plunger spring and retaining screws 12 The circuit is a normally closed one meaning that at rest there is always a complete power circuit depressing the tip breaks this circuit and the scoring apparatus illuminates an appropriate light citation needed Color coding is used white or yellow indicates hits not on the valid target area and either red or green indicate hits on the valid target area red for one fencer green for the other citation needed History EditFurther information History of fencing Pariser small sword from which the French foil was derived The modern foil is the training weapon for the small sword the common sidearm of 18th century gentleman Rapier and even longsword foils are also known to have been used but their weight and use were very different 13 14 Although the foil as a blunted weapon for sword practice goes back to the 16th century for example in Hamlet Shakespeare writes let the foils be brought 15 the use as a weapon for sport is more recent The foil was used in France as a training weapon in the middle of the 18th century in order to practice fast and elegant thrust fencing Fencers blunted the point by wrapping a foil around the blade or fastening a knob on the point blossom French fleuret 3 16 17 In addition to practicing some fencers took away the protection and used the sharp foil for duels German students took up that practice in academic fencing and developed the Pariser Parisian thrusting small sword for the Stossmensur thrusting mensur 17 The target area for modern foil is said to come from a time when fencing was practiced with limited safety equipment Another factor in the target area is that foil rules are derived from a period when dueling to the death was the norm Hence the favored target area is the torso where the vital organs are 17 In 1896 foil and saber were included as events in the first Olympic Games in Athens 18 Women s foil Edit Women s foil was first competed at the Olympics in 1924 in Paris 18 and was the only Olympic fencing event in which women competed until women s epee was introduced at the 1996 Olympics 19 Nowadays women s fencing is just as popular as men s and consists of all weapons foil epee and sabre Ratings Edit Ratings Rankings are generally run by national fencing federations and use varying scales based on that particular federations system These ratings are used as the basis for initial seeding into the pool rounds of tournaments and vary country to country Groups Edit Age groups are necessary to separate skill and body maturity levels in order to create a level playing field The current age groups for foil and also epee and sabre are Y10 age 10 and under Y12 age 12 and under Y14 age 14 and under cadet age 16 and under junior age 19 and under and senior anything over 19 While an older competitor cannot compete in a younger category the contrary is allowed and encouraged in order to expedite learning The veteran age group consists of 40 and over 60 and over and 70 and over sub groups Rules EditThe rules for the sport of fencing are regulated by national sporting associations in the United States the United States Fencing Association USFA 20 and internationally by the International Fencing Federation or Federation Internationale d Escrime FIE 21 The detailed rules for foil are listed in the USFA Rulebook 22 Rules for the sport of fencing date back to the 19th century 23 24 The current international rules for foil were adopted by the FIE Committee for Foil on 12 June 1914 They are based on previous sets of rules adopted by national associations The rules governing the use of electrical judging apparatus were adopted in 1957 and have been amended several times 25 Scoring Edit The foil is used as a thrusting or point weapon only Contact with the side of the blade a slap or slash does not result in a score The tip of the foil must be depressed for at least 15 5 milliseconds while in contact with the opponent s lame wire mesh jacket which covers valid target area to score a touch The foil lame only covers the torso while in saber it covers the whole upper body The tip must be able to support a minimum force of 4 90 newtons 500 grams force without the circuit breaking This is tested with a 500g 3g weight 22 Target area Edit In foil the valid target area includes the torso including the lower part of the bib of the mask and the groin The head except the lower part of the bib of the mask arms and legs are considered off target Touches made off target do not count for points but do stop play 26 Touches to the guard are the only touches that do not stop play citation needed The target area has been changed multiple times with the latest change consisting of adding the bottom half of the bib to the target zone citation needed Target area for foil Priority right of way Edit Further information Priority fencing Foil competition and scoring is governed by the rules of priority also known as right of way 26 Originally meant to indicate which competitor would have scored the touch or lethally injured the other it is now a main contributor to the appeal of the sport of fencing In essence it decides who receives the point there can only be one competitor that receives a point per engagement when both competitors hit The basic rules are whoever the referee judges to be the attacking fencer has priority This priority can be changed in several ways The first is the defending fencer deflects the attack from the fencer with priority with the forte strong of their blade a parry This switches the priority to the fencer who just parried The second way priority can be switched is if the attacking fencer s attack misses this is generally judged off of the attacking fencer s arm extension The final major way priority can be shifted is if the defending fencer beats their opponent s blade this can also be used by the attacking fencer to make it clear to the referee that they are continuing their attack this involves striking the foible weak of their opponents blade with their own If both fencers are judged by the referee to be seeking to beat each other s blades then the fencer who is on the attack is favored 27 See also EditSabre fencing Epee Colichemarde RapierReferences Edit Fencing competition types Foil Sabre and Epee ActiveSG Retrieved 2021 06 21 All About Foil SW Florida Fencing 2018 01 31 Retrieved 2021 06 21 a b https idrottonline se LjungbyFK Faktning globalassets ljungby fk faktning dokument a parents guide to fencing pdf bare URL PDF a b c d e f g h Fencing Weapons www physicalarts com Retrieved 2019 07 28 Size 3 Leon Paul Plastic Foil Plastic Swords Mini Fence www leonpaul com Retrieved 2021 08 07 Nelson Danielle 2015 03 17 The technology behind fencing The Temple News Retrieved 2019 07 28 a b Weapons USA Fencing Retrieved 2019 07 28 Fencing 101 www blue gauntlet com Retrieved 2019 07 28 a b c d USA Fencing Rulebook USA Fencing Retrieved 2019 07 28 Fencing Officials Commission December 29 2012 Referees Commission Is My Grip Legal Retrieved January 11 2017 Fencing Organized sport Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 2021 10 13 FIE Material Rules PDF September 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Fencing Weapons www fencing ab ca Retrieved 2021 06 21 THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOIL Part 1 LeonPaul com www leonpaul com Retrieved 2021 06 21 William Shakespeare Hamlet Act V Scene II in accessed 20 February 2016 https static detroittitans com custompages Fencing 2010 11 20Stats 20and 20Results The 20Basics 20of 20Fencing pdf bare URL PDF a b c PutraDanayu 2021 03 30 Sword Putra Ayu a b FIE History Fencing history accessed 21 Jan 2016 Reference Olympic website Fencing Equipment and History accessed 22 January 2016 Garret Maxwell R Kaidanov Emmanuil G Pezza Gil A 1994 Foil Saber and Epee Fencing Skills Safety Operations and Responsibilities Penn State Press ISBN 978 0 271 01019 9 Fencing Ancient to Modern In the Hands of a Child a b SportsEngine usfencing org Retrieved 12 January 2017 Rules used by the Amateur Fencers League of America dating to 1891 can be found at the Museum of American Fencing site See next reference Rule Books Museum Of American Fencing museumofamericanfencing com Retrieved 12 January 2017 Higginson Steve Jacobs Peter Smith Peter 2014 2010 The FIE Rules for Competitions PDF British Fencing Association Retrieved January 11 2017 a b Weapons Rules Tokyo loves fencing FIE tokyo2020 fie org Retrieved 2021 10 13 Blue Finals Piste Men s Foil Team Bronze amp Gold Medal Bouts Fencing Tokyo 2020 Replays https olympics com en video blue finals piste men s foil team bronze gold medal bouts fencing tokyo 2020 rep a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help External links Edit Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Foil fencing Official website International Fencing Federation Components of a Foil U S Fencing organization home page Federation Internationale d Escrime organisation home page amp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Foil fencing amp oldid 1126448754, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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