A flyback chronograph is a watchcomplication, in which the user can use a reset function without the need to first stop the chronograph, by a single press on an additional pusher at the 4 o’clock mark. In usual chronographs of the time, the user had to push three times for the same operation. First they had to stop the chronograph, then reset the hands at zero, and finally restart the chronograph in order to time the next sequence. A flyback chronograph shortens the time of operation needed to measure subsequent legs of a flight.
1928 Longines Wrist-Chronograph with the 1925 modified Cal. 13.33Z Flyback function. The oldest Flyback Chronograph in existence, to be seen in the Museum of Longines.[1]
The flyback function is also known by some other names:
Retour-en-vol (French: retour - to return; en - on; vol - flight)
Taylor system
Permanent zero setting
Overviewedit
The flyback function is a complication inspired by the need of pilots in the early 20th century, especially on shorter flights where pilots oriented themselves along highly visible geographical marks like rivers, mountains or railroad tracks.[2][circular reference]
Flyback chronographs have a different layout than the usual monopusher chronographs of the early 20th century. They usually have a push-piece at 2 o’clock to start, stop and reset the timer function. But they have an additional pusher at 4 o’clock, enabling to do the three actions (stop, reset, restart) all at once.[3]
Navigation purposesedit
Given the emergence of high-speed flight, e.g. Maurice Prévost reached 200 km/h in 1913, recording multiple time intervals with a conventional chronograph generated a significant margin of error. The aim of the flyback function was therefore to reduce this margin of error and help pilots to navigate more precisely.
Historyedit
Patent attesting to the invention of the Flyback mechanism by Longines. The application was filed on June 12, 1935. The patent was registered on March 31, 1936.
The first model produced was a Longines wrist chronograph with a cal. 13.33Z in 1925.[4][5] The flyback function served navigation and timing sporting events purposes in the 20th century. It was the first watch complication designed to record multiple time intervals such as calculating the time taken to travel between waypoints, measure fuel consumption or perform coordinated maneuvers.[3] Longines filed the patent for the flyback mechanism on 12 June 1935. It was approved and registered on 16 June 1936.[6][7]
The flyback function has its origins in the development of aircraft. In fact, the early years of the 20th century not only made flying a reliable technology, but also developed aeronautical navigation systems. A major problem rapidly experienced by pilots: the high speed of the aircraft combined with the lengthy computations’ methods meant longer periods of time flying in the wrong direction. This inexorably led to greater positional errors.[8] At best, these navigational errors would cause the pilots to miss their destination. At worst, they would disappear somewhere in the middle of the ocean, deprived of precious fuel. Wiley Post,[9][circular reference] for example, carried three chronometers “because a minute of error in time meant a 15-mile error on the equator in the final calculation of position[10]". The flyback function would become an important part of the solution: pilots would only have to press a single time on a pusher to stop, reset and restart their chronograph giving them much more accurate timing of the subsequent legs of a flight at high speeds. Thanks to the flyback function, anything involving time measured in sequences or at close intervals, such as dead reckoning or coordinated maneuvers, had been pushed to a higher level of accuracy.
Richard Byrd, who flew first over the South Pole in 1929, led several expeditions wearing a Longines wrist chronograph (cal. 13ZN) with flyback function.[11][12]
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A flyback chronograph is a watch complication in which the user can use a reset function without the need to first stop the chronograph by a single press on an additional pusher at the 4 o clock mark In usual chronographs of the time the user had to push three times for the same operation First they had to stop the chronograph then reset the hands at zero and finally restart the chronograph in order to time the next sequence A flyback chronograph shortens the time of operation needed to measure subsequent legs of a flight 1928 Longines Wrist Chronograph with the 1925 modified Cal 13 33Z Flyback function The oldest Flyback Chronograph in existence to be seen in the Museum of Longines 1 Contents 1 Other names 2 Overview 3 Navigation purposes 4 History 5 See also 6 ReferencesOther names editThe flyback function is also known by some other names Retour en vol French retour to return en on vol flight Taylor system Permanent zero settingOverview editThe flyback function is a complication inspired by the need of pilots in the early 20th century especially on shorter flights where pilots oriented themselves along highly visible geographical marks like rivers mountains or railroad tracks 2 circular reference Flyback chronographs have a different layout than the usual monopusher chronographs of the early 20th century They usually have a push piece at 2 o clock to start stop and reset the timer function But they have an additional pusher at 4 o clock enabling to do the three actions stop reset restart all at once 3 Navigation purposes editGiven the emergence of high speed flight e g Maurice Prevost reached 200 km h in 1913 recording multiple time intervals with a conventional chronograph generated a significant margin of error The aim of the flyback function was therefore to reduce this margin of error and help pilots to navigate more precisely History edit nbsp Patent attesting to the invention of the Flyback mechanism by Longines The application was filed on June 12 1935 The patent was registered on March 31 1936 The first model produced was a Longines wrist chronograph with a cal 13 33Z in 1925 4 5 The flyback function served navigation and timing sporting events purposes in the 20th century It was the first watch complication designed to record multiple time intervals such as calculating the time taken to travel between waypoints measure fuel consumption or perform coordinated maneuvers 3 Longines filed the patent for the flyback mechanism on 12 June 1935 It was approved and registered on 16 June 1936 6 7 The flyback function has its origins in the development of aircraft In fact the early years of the 20th century not only made flying a reliable technology but also developed aeronautical navigation systems A major problem rapidly experienced by pilots the high speed of the aircraft combined with the lengthy computations methods meant longer periods of time flying in the wrong direction This inexorably led to greater positional errors 8 At best these navigational errors would cause the pilots to miss their destination At worst they would disappear somewhere in the middle of the ocean deprived of precious fuel Wiley Post 9 circular reference for example carried three chronometers because a minute of error in time meant a 15 mile error on the equator in the final calculation of position 10 The flyback function would become an important part of the solution pilots would only have to press a single time on a pusher to stop reset and restart their chronograph giving them much more accurate timing of the subsequent legs of a flight at high speeds Thanks to the flyback function anything involving time measured in sequences or at close intervals such as dead reckoning or coordinated maneuvers had been pushed to a higher level of accuracy Richard Byrd who flew first over the South Pole in 1929 led several expeditions wearing a Longines wrist chronograph cal 13ZN with flyback function 11 12 See also editDouble chronographReferences edit https montrespubliques com retailer stories retailer stories 23 the oldest longines chronograph with daniel hug History of aviation a b Love Zen 2023 08 08 What Is a Flyback Chronograph Gear Patrol Retrieved 2023 11 20 Rewriting History Discovering the Earliest Flyback Chronograph Wristwatch SJX Watches Retrieved 2023 11 20 L elegance du temps depuis 1832 Chronos 1996 Rewriting History Discovering the Earliest Flyback Chronograph Wristwatch SJX Watches Retrieved 2023 11 20 TRAILBLAZING History LONGINES RETURNS issuu Retrieved 2023 11 20 Time and navigation the untold story of getting from here to there Johnston Connor Stephens Ceruzzi 1969 p 59 fr Wiley Post Around the world in eight days Wiley Post amp Harold Gatty 1932 p 71 TRAILBLAZING History LONGINES RETURNS issuu Retrieved 2023 11 20 The Longines Spirit Flyback watches hands on www horbiter com Retrieved 2023 11 20 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Flyback chronograph amp oldid 1186211469, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
