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Severus II

Flavius Valerius Severus (died September 307), also called Severus II,[1] was a Roman emperor from 306 to 307. After failing to besiege Rome, he fled to Ravenna. It is thought that he was killed there or executed near Rome.

Severus II
Aureus from 306 or 307 depicting Severus
Roman emperor
(in the West)
Augustus25 July 306 – April 307
PredecessorConstantius I
SuccessorLicinius
Co-rulersGalerius (East)
Constantine I (Gaul, Britain)
Maxentius (Italy)
Maximian (Italy)
Caesar1 May 305 – 25 July 306
(under Constantius I)
BornFlavius Severus
Illyria
DiedSeptember 307
Tres Tabernae
IssueFlavius Severianus
Names
Flavius Valerius Severus

Background and early career edit

Severus was of humble birth, born in Northern Illyria around the middle of the third century.[2][3] A friend of emperor Galerius, he rose to become a senior officer in the Roman army,[2] being nominated as caesar of the Western Roman Empire. According to Lactantius, Diocletian objected to Galerius's suggestion, saying in response, "What! That dancer, that habitual drunkard who turns night into day and day into night?" Galerius persisted, saying that Severus has served faithfully as paymaster and purveyor of the army.[4] Diocletian acquiesced and Severus succeeded to the post of caesar on 1 May 305,[5] thus becoming the junior colleague of Constantius I, augustus of the western half of empire.[2]

Augustus, 306–307 edit

On the death of Constantius I in Britain in the summer of 306, Severus was promoted to augustus by Galerius. This was done as a reaction to the acclamation of Constantine I (Constantius' son) by his own soldiers at York.[6] Lactantius reports that Galerius had done this to promote the older man to the higher office, while accepting the imperial symbols of Constantine and accepting him as a member of the Tetrarchy, albeit with the rank of caesar.[4]

When Maxentius, the son of the retired emperor Maximian, revolted at Rome, Galerius sent Severus to suppress the rebellion. Severus moved towards Rome from his capital, Mediolanum, at the head of an army previously commanded by Maximian.[2] Fearing the arrival of Severus, Maxentius offered Maximian the co-rule of the empire. Maximian accepted, and when Severus arrived under the walls of Rome and besieged it, his men deserted to Maxentius. Severus fled to Ravenna, an impregnable position.[2] Maximian offered to spare his life and treat him humanely if he surrendered peaceably, which he did in March or April 307. Despite Maximian's assurance, Severus was nonetheless displayed as a captive and later imprisoned at Tres Tabernae.[7] One belief is that when Galerius himself invaded Italy to suppress Maxentius and Maximian, the former ordered Severus's death; he was executed on September 307 at Tres Tabernae, near the current Cisterna di Latina.[3] Lactantius reports that he was permitted to kill himself by opening his veins.[4] Another belief is that Severus II was killed in Ravenna.[5][8]

Severus was survived by his son Flavius Severianus, but he was later killed by Licinius.[9]

References edit

  1. ^ Kienast, Romische Kaisertabelle (1990), p. 290. Enumerated after Septimius Severus.
  2. ^ a b c d e Michael DiMalo (1998). "Severus II". An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  3. ^ a b "Aurelius Victor, About Caesar" (in Russian). Ancient Rome. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  4. ^ a b c Lactantius (4th century). Lord Hailes (transl.) (2021) On the Deaths of the Persecutors. Evolution Publishing, Merchantville, NJ ISBN 978-1-935228-20-2, pp. 31-47
  5. ^ a b "Biography of Emperor Constantine" (in Russian). Ancient Rome. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  6. ^ Barnes, Timothy David (1982). The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine. Harvard University Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 0-7837-2221-4.
  7. ^ Barnes 1981, p. 30.
  8. ^ Annales Ecclesiastici, vol. 1, pp. 769-770
  9. ^ Barnes 1981, p. 64.

Sources edit

External links edit

  •   Works related to The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Volume 1, Chapter XIV at Wikisource
  •   Media related to Flavius Valerius Severus at Wikimedia Commons
Regnal titles
Preceded by Roman emperor
306–307
With: Galerius
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Roman consul
307
With: Maximinus Daza
Galerius
Maximian
Constantine I
Succeeded by

severus, this, article, about, roman, emperor, syriac, orthodox, patriarch, masqeh, flavius, valerius, severus, died, september, also, called, roman, emperor, from, after, failing, besiege, rome, fled, ravenna, thought, that, killed, there, executed, near, rom. This article is about the Roman emperor For the Syriac Orthodox patriarch see Severus II bar Masqeh Flavius Valerius Severus died September 307 also called Severus II 1 was a Roman emperor from 306 to 307 After failing to besiege Rome he fled to Ravenna It is thought that he was killed there or executed near Rome Severus IIAureus from 306 or 307 depicting SeverusRoman emperor in the West Augustus25 July 306 April 307PredecessorConstantius ISuccessorLiciniusCo rulersGalerius East Constantine I Gaul Britain Maxentius Italy Maximian Italy Caesar1 May 305 25 July 306 under Constantius I BornFlavius SeverusIllyriaDiedSeptember 307Tres TabernaeIssueFlavius SeverianusNamesFlavius Valerius Severus Contents 1 Background and early career 2 Augustus 306 307 3 References 4 Sources 5 External linksBackground and early career editSeverus was of humble birth born in Northern Illyria around the middle of the third century 2 3 A friend of emperor Galerius he rose to become a senior officer in the Roman army 2 being nominated as caesar of the Western Roman Empire According to Lactantius Diocletian objected to Galerius s suggestion saying in response What That dancer that habitual drunkard who turns night into day and day into night Galerius persisted saying that Severus has served faithfully as paymaster and purveyor of the army 4 Diocletian acquiesced and Severus succeeded to the post of caesar on 1 May 305 5 thus becoming the junior colleague of Constantius I augustus of the western half of empire 2 Augustus 306 307 editOn the death of Constantius I in Britain in the summer of 306 Severus was promoted to augustus by Galerius This was done as a reaction to the acclamation of Constantine I Constantius son by his own soldiers at York 6 Lactantius reports that Galerius had done this to promote the older man to the higher office while accepting the imperial symbols of Constantine and accepting him as a member of the Tetrarchy albeit with the rank of caesar 4 When Maxentius the son of the retired emperor Maximian revolted at Rome Galerius sent Severus to suppress the rebellion Severus moved towards Rome from his capital Mediolanum at the head of an army previously commanded by Maximian 2 Fearing the arrival of Severus Maxentius offered Maximian the co rule of the empire Maximian accepted and when Severus arrived under the walls of Rome and besieged it his men deserted to Maxentius Severus fled to Ravenna an impregnable position 2 Maximian offered to spare his life and treat him humanely if he surrendered peaceably which he did in March or April 307 Despite Maximian s assurance Severus was nonetheless displayed as a captive and later imprisoned at Tres Tabernae 7 One belief is that when Galerius himself invaded Italy to suppress Maxentius and Maximian the former ordered Severus s death he was executed on September 307 at Tres Tabernae near the current Cisterna di Latina 3 Lactantius reports that he was permitted to kill himself by opening his veins 4 Another belief is that Severus II was killed in Ravenna 5 8 Severus was survived by his son Flavius Severianus but he was later killed by Licinius 9 References edit Kienast Romische Kaisertabelle 1990 p 290 Enumerated after Septimius Severus a b c d e Michael DiMalo 1998 Severus II An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors Retrieved 1 August 2015 a b Aurelius Victor About Caesar in Russian Ancient Rome Retrieved 1 August 2015 a b c Lactantius 4th century Lord Hailes transl 2021 On the Deaths of the Persecutors Evolution Publishing Merchantville NJ ISBN 978 1 935228 20 2 pp 31 47 a b Biography of Emperor Constantine in Russian Ancient Rome Retrieved 1 August 2015 Barnes Timothy David 1982 The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine Harvard University Press pp 26 27 ISBN 0 7837 2221 4 Barnes 1981 p 30 Annales Ecclesiastici vol 1 pp 769 770 Barnes 1981 p 64 Sources editBarnes Timothy D 1981 Constantine and Eusebius Cambridge MA Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0 674 16531 1 External links edit nbsp Works related to The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Volume 1 Chapter XIV at Wikisource nbsp Media related to Flavius Valerius Severus at Wikimedia Commons Regnal titles Preceded byConstantius I Roman emperor306 307 With Galerius Succeeded byLicinius Political offices Preceded byConstantius IGalerius Roman consul307 With Maximinus DazaGaleriusMaximianConstantine I Succeeded byDiocletianGaleriusMaxentiusValerius Romulus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Severus II amp oldid 1199327544, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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