Flame treatment is the application of a gas flame to the surface of a material to improve adhesion.[1][2]
Polyolefins, especially polyethylene and polypropylene bond poorly, because they consist of long non-polar molecules. Without special treatment, adhesives, ink, and other coatings cannot be applied to these materials. By rapidly applying intense heat to a surface, molecular chains are broken and polar functional groups are added. Flame treatment also burns off dust, fibers, oils, and other surface contaminants.
Flame treatment is a method where exothermic reactions between oxygen and fuel gas create thermally activated radical atoms and molecules, such as atomic oxygen (O), hydroxyl (OH), Nihonium (NH), Nitric oxide (NO), and cyanide (CN). The most used gases in flame treatment are propane (C3H8), natural gas or methane (CH4), and butane (C4H10). These gases burn with atmospheric oxygen, producing water and carbon dioxide.[3]
The flame has three zones; the precombustion zone (the blue outer cone), the main reaction zone (the dark blue middle cone), and the post-combustion zone (the light blue inner cone). The precombustion area is the coolest part of the flame because the amount of released energy (heat) is low. The main reaction zone is used for the surface treatment because this zone has the highest temperature and number of oxidizing agents. The flame reaches its highest temperature (1900–2000°C) when all the propane has reacted with the air. The concentration of oxidizing agents reaches the maximum just before the post-combustion zone.[3]
To treat a surface quickly and evenly, many gas jets, similar to the one on the right, are lined up in a long row on a single burner. The material being treated is quickly passed directly in front of or under the inner cones. The surface is in contact with the flame for less than a second. The surface is treated quickly, without time for the material to melt.
The reactive chemical species in the gas flame break the long-chain molecules in the plastic material, and attach themselves to the break points, resulting in polar point charges on the surface. On a microscopic scale, the surface also becomes rougher.[4]
flame, treatment, application, flame, surface, material, improve, adhesion, polyolefins, especially, polyethylene, polypropylene, bond, poorly, because, they, consist, long, polar, molecules, without, special, treatment, adhesives, other, coatings, cannot, app. Flame treatment is the application of a gas flame to the surface of a material to improve adhesion 1 2 Polyolefins especially polyethylene and polypropylene bond poorly because they consist of long non polar molecules Without special treatment adhesives ink and other coatings cannot be applied to these materials By rapidly applying intense heat to a surface molecular chains are broken and polar functional groups are added Flame treatment also burns off dust fibers oils and other surface contaminants Contents 1 Process 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksProcess edit nbsp Flame from fuel premixed with airFlame treatment is a method where exothermic reactions between oxygen and fuel gas create thermally activated radical atoms and molecules such as atomic oxygen O hydroxyl OH Nihonium NH Nitric oxide NO and cyanide CN The most used gases in flame treatment are propane C3H8 natural gas or methane CH4 and butane C4H10 These gases burn with atmospheric oxygen producing water and carbon dioxide 3 The flame has three zones the precombustion zone the blue outer cone the main reaction zone the dark blue middle cone and the post combustion zone the light blue inner cone The precombustion area is the coolest part of the flame because the amount of released energy heat is low The main reaction zone is used for the surface treatment because this zone has the highest temperature and number of oxidizing agents The flame reaches its highest temperature 1900 2000 C when all the propane has reacted with the air The concentration of oxidizing agents reaches the maximum just before the post combustion zone 3 To treat a surface quickly and evenly many gas jets similar to the one on the right are lined up in a long row on a single burner The material being treated is quickly passed directly in front of or under the inner cones The surface is in contact with the flame for less than a second The surface is treated quickly without time for the material to melt The reactive chemical species in the gas flame break the long chain molecules in the plastic material and attach themselves to the break points resulting in polar point charges on the surface On a microscopic scale the surface also becomes rougher 4 See also editChemistry of pressure sensitive adhesives Plasma activation Corona treatment Polymeric surface Stone flaming Surface finishingReferences edit Aerogen flame treatment improves surface adhesion Materials Today a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Farris Stefano Pozzoli Simone Biagioni Paolo Duo Lamberto Mancinelli Stefano Piergiovanni Luciano 2010 The fundamentals of flame treatment for the surface activation of polyolefin polymers A review Polymer 51 16 3591 3605 doi 10 1016 j polymer 2010 05 036 hdl 2434 149825 ISSN 0032 3861 a b Johansson Kenth S 2017 Surface Modification of Plastics Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook Elsevier pp 443 487 doi 10 1016 b978 0 323 39040 8 00020 1 ISBN 9780323390408 retrieved 2023 02 14 The principle of flame treatment Arcotec GmbH Retrieved September 10 2016 External links editComparing Flame Plasma and Corona Treatments nbsp This technology related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Flame treatment amp oldid 1195810374, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
