Flags of the United States of Indonesia
The Flags of the United States of Indonesia refers to the state flags that were used as the official state symbols of the United States of Indonesia (Abbreviation: USI), the predecessor state of the Republic of Indonesia. The flag that were hoisted during the proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945 remained as the official flag of the United States of Indonesia after its transfer of sovereignty on December 27, 1949 and it was written on the Federal Constitution of 1949.
| Use | National flag |
|---|---|
| Proportion | 2:3 |
| Design | A horizontal bicolour of red and white |
Legal basis Edit
After the Dutch East Indies, on behalf of the Dutch government transferred its sovereignty to the Republic of Indonesia,[1] the new federated state called the United States of Indonesia was formed out of former Dutch territories in the East Indies and several states formed prior to the round table conference held in 1949. The new federation adopted a constitution in which stated in the Chapter III, article III, is that the official flag of the United States of Indonesia is a bicolor red and white, similar to the one that was adopted by the State of the Republic of Indonesia.[a]
State flags Edit
State of the Republic of Indonesia (1949–1950) Edit
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1949–1950 | State of the Republic of Indonesia | Bicolor with two equal horizontal bands, red (top) and white (bottom) with an overall ratio of 2:3.[2] |
State of East Indonesia Edit
During the Denpasar conference held in 1946, a majority of the delegates called for the adoption of the national anthem to be Indonesia Raya, and for the Indonesian red and white flag to be the national flag of East Indonesia.[3] On 22 December, Governor van Mook gave his response to the proposals. He supported the use of the Indonesian national anthem, but was more cautious about the flag.[4]
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1946–1950 | State flag | A four stripped flag of yellow-red-white-green (horizontally) is given for a state called Indonesia Timur (meaning East Indonesia), a "Federation of East Indonesian States", according to D. Rühl in his book Vlag en Wapen van der Republiek Indonesie, 1950.[5] | |
| 1947–1950 | Presidential standard | Besides a national coat of arms and flag a presidential flag and flags for the members of the council of ministers were adopted. The flag of the president was gironny of black, white, red and yellow charged in the middle with a white eight-leaved lotus-flower. Adopted on 2 August 1947.[6] | |
| 1947–1950 | Presidential pennant | Beside a presidential flag was a light-blue pennon with a lotus-flower seen from the side.[7] | |
| 1947–1950 | Prime ministerial flag | On the flags of rank of the Prime Minister, the President of Parliament, the ministers and the vice-ministers there was the Garuda fom the emblem of state on a dark-green cloth and at the mast end six-pointed stars, adopted on 2 August 1947.[7] |
State of East Sumatra Edit
According to D. Rühl, 1950. The design of the flag was confirmed by a letter from Mr. Van de Velde, Governmental counsellor for Political Affairs on Sumatra to the Lieutenant Governor General Van Mook dd. on 27 Februari 1948, which reads as follows:[8]
de vlag der Negara werd vastgesteld, bestaande uit drie horizontale banen van geel, wit en groen. Met deze kleuren wenst men te symboliseren Grootheid, Rust en Welvaart.
Translated as:
the flag of the Negara was established, consisting of three horizontal bands of yellow, white and green. With these colors one wishes to symbolize Greatness, Tranquility and Prosperity.”
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1948–1950 | State of East Sumatra | The flag of the State of Eastern Sumatra consisted of three breadths yellow, white and green, the colors of the arms of Medan. The colors symbolize Greatness, Peace and Prosperity. | |
| 1949–1950 | Standard of Wali Negara | The standard of Wali Negara consisted of the color yellow and green, with the state coat of arms in the center. |
Pasundan Edit
Two flags were used by the State of Pasundan. The first flag consisted of a bicolor flag of green and white and the other was three stripes of green, white, and green.[9]
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1948–1950 | State of Pasundan | Tricolor flag of green, white, and green. | |
| 1948–1950 | State of Pasundan | Bicolor green and white flag. |
South Sumatra Edit
The Second Dutch military intervention on 30 August 1948 resulted in the establishment of State of South Sumatra, and was incorporated to USI following the transfer of sovereignty on 27 December 1949.[10] In 1949 the flag was adopted, it was a bicolor yellow and green.[9]
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1949–1950 | State of South Sumatra | Two breadths yellow and green. |
Great Dayak Edit
In 1947–1950 the State of Great Dayak had a flag, namely a horizontal line with three colors namely red, yellow and blue.[9]
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1947–1950 | State of Great Dayak | Tricolor flag of red, yellow and blue. |
See also Edit
References Edit
- ^ Ricklefs, M.C. (2008) [1981], A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200 (4th ed.), Palgrave MacMillan, p. 373, ISBN 978-0-230-54686-8
- ^ . Embassy of Indonesia, Oslo, Norway. 1 May 2007. Archived from the original on 19 October 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (1996) [1995]. From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia. Translated by Owens, Linda. Yayasan Obor. p. 123. ISBN 979-461-216-2.
- ^ Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (1996) [1995]. From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia. Translated by Owens, Linda. Yayasan Obor. pp. 126–127. ISBN 979-461-216-2.
- ^ D. Rühl (Jr.) (1950). Vlag en wapen van de republiek Indonesia. Afd. Volkenkunde van de Kon. Ver. Indisch Instituut. pp. 4–2*:104–105. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
- ^ Besluit N° 28/PrB/47 dd. 2 Augustus 1947. In: Bijvoegsel Staatscourant van Oost-Indonesië 1947 N° 8.
- ^ a b Bijvoegsel van de Staatscourant van Oost-Indonesië 1947, No 8.
- ^ S. L. van der Wal; M. J. B. Schouten; P. J. Drooglever (1971). Officiële bescheiden betreffende de Nederlands-Indonesische betrekkingen 1945-1950 (in English and Dutch). Nijhoff. p. 78. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
- ^ a b c D. Rühl (Jr.) (1950). Vlag en wapen van de republiek Indonesia. Afd. Volkenkunde van de Kon. Ver. Indisch Instituut. pp. 4e jaarg. n° 2. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
- ^ Alian (2013). "Sumatera Selatan dalam Kerangka Negara Federal Belanda (South Sumatra in the Context of the Dutch federal State". Jurnal Sejarah Dapunta Hiyang (in Indonesian). Palembang: Sriwijaya University. 1 (1): 7–11. ISSN 2337-7844.
- ^ Wikisource: Chapter III, Article III of the 1949 Federal Constitution