Although 3...d6 was previously known,[1] it did not become a major variation until Fischer advocated it in a famous 1961 article in the first issue of the American Chess Quarterly.[2][3]
After Bobby Fischer lost a 1960 game[4] at Mar del Plata to Boris Spassky, in which Spassky played the Kieseritzky Gambit, Fischer left in tears[5] and promptly went to work at devising a new defense to the King's Gambit. In Fischer's 1961 article, "A Bust to the King's Gambit", he claimed, "In my opinion the King's Gambit is busted. It loses by force."[6] Fischer concluded the article with the famous line, "Of course White can always play differently, in which case he merely loses differently. (Thank you, Weaver Adams!)"[7] The article became famous.[8][9] Fischer never tested this published analysis as Black in a tournament game; he never again faced the gambit after his 1960 loss to Spassky.
Fischer himself later played the King's Gambit with some success,[10] winning all three tournament games in which he played it. However, he played the Bishop's Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Bc4) rather than the King's Knight Gambit (3.Nf3), the only line that he analyzed in his article.[11][12][13]
Ideas behind the opening
Fischer called 3...d6 "a high-class waiting move".[14] It allows Black to hold the gambit pawn with ...g5 (unless White plays the immediate 4.h4) while avoiding the Kieseritzky Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.Ne5). Fischer asserted that 3...g5 "is inexact because it gives White drawing chances" after 4.h4 g4 5.Ne5 Nf6 6.d4 d6 7.Nd3 Nxe4 8.Bxf4 Bg7 9.c3! (improving on Spassky's 9.Nc3) Qe7 10.Qe2 Bf5 11.Nd2, which, according to Fischer, "leads to an ending where Black's extra pawn is neutralized by White's stranglehold on the dark squares, especially [f4]".[14]
After 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 d6 the most common response is 4.d4.[15] If White now tries to force transpositions to Becker Defense (3...h6) or Classical Defense (3...g5) positions, then White can end up in difficulties. Fischer analyzed 4.d4 g5 5.h4 g4 6.Ng5 f6 7.Nh3 gxh3 8.Qh5+ Kd7 9.Bxf4 Qe8! 10.Qf3 Kd8 "and with King and Queen reversed, Black wins easily".[14] Fischer claimed that White has no compensation after the alternative 6.Ng1 Bh6, however in practice White has achieved good results in this line after 7.Nc3 c6 8.Nge2 Qf6 9.g3,[16] and Nigel Short used it to defeat Vladimir Akopian in Madrid 1997.[17]
Another popular move is 4.Bc4. Fischer recommended 4...h6 in response, which he dubbed the "Berlin Defence Deferred".[14] Black's third and fourth moves stop the white knight on f3 from moving to the two dangerous squares e5 and g5. This variation received a high-class examination in a game between two world champions: Boris Spassky vs. Anatoly Karpov, at Berlin TV 1982, played at a one-hour-game format in an event for West German television. GM Spassky won on time in an ending of Q + N vs Q; White had a satisfactory position from the opening.
A quite recent idea is 4.d4 g5 5.Nc3. White intends to leave the bishop on f1 for a while, play an improved version of the Hanstein Gambit (3...g5 4.Bc4 Bg7 and later g2–g3), and, after forcing Black's f4-pawn to move, develop the queenside with Be3, Qd2, and 0-0-0.[18]
^For example, George H. D. Gossip and S. Lipschütz noted that 3...d6 was "a move advised by Stamma, and which Mr. Löwenthal thinks may be safely adopted", and that "the game is even" after 4.Bc4 or 4.d4. G. H. D. Gossip and S. Lipschütz, The Chess-Player's Manual (3rd ed. 1902), David McKay, p. 491. OCLC 3727518.
^Bobby Fischer, "A Bust to the King's Gambit", American Chess Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Summer 1961), pp. 3–9.
^Fischer, Bobby (1961). "A Bust to the King's Gambit" (PDF). brooklyn64.com. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
^Fischer, p. 9. Fischer was alluding to a statement by Adams, author of the controversial book White to Play and Win, who famously claimed that White won by force with best play, and that if Black played differently from the lines given by Adams, he "merely loses differently".
^Andrew Soltis calls it "a celebrated article". Andrew Soltis, in Karsten Müller, Bobby Fischer: The Career and Complete Games of the American World Chess Champion, Russell Enterprises, Inc., 2009, p. 29. ISBN978-1-888690-68-2.
The Wikibook Chess Opening Theory has a page on the topic of: Fischer Defense
August 18, 2023
king, gambit, fischer, defense, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templates, tool. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as Reflinks documentation reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation August 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Fischer Defense to the King s Gambit is a chess opening variation that begins with the moves Fischer Defenseabcdefgh8877665544332211abcdefghMoves1 e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 3 Nf3 d6ECOC34Origin1961 Bobby FischerNamed afterBobby FischerParentKing s Gambit 1 e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 3 Nf3 d6Although 3 d6 was previously known 1 it did not become a major variation until Fischer advocated it in a famous 1961 article in the first issue of the American Chess Quarterly 2 3 In the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings the Fischer Defense is given the code C34 Contents 1 History 2 Ideas behind the opening 3 See also 4 ReferencesThis article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves History EditAfter Bobby Fischer lost a 1960 game 4 at Mar del Plata to Boris Spassky in which Spassky played the Kieseritzky Gambit Fischer left in tears 5 and promptly went to work at devising a new defense to the King s Gambit In Fischer s 1961 article A Bust to the King s Gambit he claimed In my opinion the King s Gambit is busted It loses by force 6 Fischer concluded the article with the famous line Of course White can always play differently in which case he merely loses differently Thank you Weaver Adams 7 The article became famous 8 9 Fischer never tested this published analysis as Black in a tournament game he never again faced the gambit after his 1960 loss to Spassky Fischer himself later played the King s Gambit with some success 10 winning all three tournament games in which he played it However he played the Bishop s Gambit 1 e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 3 Bc4 rather than the King s Knight Gambit 3 Nf3 the only line that he analyzed in his article 11 12 13 Ideas behind the opening EditFischer called 3 d6 a high class waiting move 14 It allows Black to hold the gambit pawn with g5 unless White plays the immediate 4 h4 while avoiding the Kieseritzky Gambit 1 e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 3 Nf3 g5 4 h4 g4 5 Ne5 Fischer asserted that 3 g5 is inexact because it gives White drawing chances after 4 h4 g4 5 Ne5 Nf6 6 d4 d6 7 Nd3 Nxe4 8 Bxf4 Bg7 9 c3 improving on Spassky s 9 Nc3 Qe7 10 Qe2 Bf5 11 Nd2 which according to Fischer leads to an ending where Black s extra pawn is neutralized by White s stranglehold on the dark squares especially f4 14 After 1 e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 3 Nf3 d6 the most common response is 4 d4 15 If White now tries to force transpositions to Becker Defense 3 h6 or Classical Defense 3 g5 positions then White can end up in difficulties Fischer analyzed 4 d4 g5 5 h4 g4 6 Ng5 f6 7 Nh3 gxh3 8 Qh5 Kd7 9 Bxf4 Qe8 10 Qf3 Kd8 and with King and Queen reversed Black wins easily 14 Fischer claimed that White has no compensation after the alternative 6 Ng1 Bh6 however in practice White has achieved good results in this line after 7 Nc3 c6 8 Nge2 Qf6 9 g3 16 and Nigel Short used it to defeat Vladimir Akopian in Madrid 1997 17 Another popular move is 4 Bc4 Fischer recommended 4 h6 in response which he dubbed the Berlin Defence Deferred 14 Black s third and fourth moves stop the white knight on f3 from moving to the two dangerous squares e5 and g5 This variation received a high class examination in a game between two world champions Boris Spassky vs Anatoly Karpov at Berlin TV 1982 played at a one hour game format in an event for West German television GM Spassky won on time in an ending of Q N vs Q White had a satisfactory position from the opening A quite recent idea is 4 d4 g5 5 Nc3 White intends to leave the bishop on f1 for a while play an improved version of the Hanstein Gambit 3 g5 4 Bc4 Bg7 and later g2 g3 and after forcing Black s f4 pawn to move develop the queenside with Be3 Qd2 and 0 0 0 18 See also EditList of chess openings List of chess openings named after peopleReferences Edit For example George H D Gossip and S Lipschutz noted that 3 d6 was a move advised by Stamma and which Mr Lowenthal thinks may be safely adopted and that the game is even after 4 Bc4 or 4 d4 G H D Gossip and S Lipschutz The Chess Player s Manual 3rd ed 1902 David McKay p 491 OCLC 3727518 Bobby Fischer A Bust to the King s Gambit American Chess Quarterly Vol 1 No 1 Summer 1961 pp 3 9 Fischer Bobby 1961 A Bust to the King s Gambit PDF brooklyn64 com Retrieved 2020 05 21 Boris Spassky vs Robert James Fischer 1960 Carl Schreck Moscow Patzer A Bread Run With the Great Bronstein http carlschreck com displayArticle php article id 91 Archived 2019 04 17 at the Wayback Machine which cites http rsport netorn ru ech khariton bron2 htm Archived 2013 12 03 at the Wayback Machine Fischer p 4 Fischer p 9 Fischer was alluding to a statement by Adams author of the controversial book White to Play and Win who famously claimed that White won by force with best play and that if Black played differently from the lines given by Adams he merely loses differently Nick de Firmian refers to A Bust to the King s Gambit as Bobby Fischer s famous article Nick de Firmian Modern Chess Openings 15th edition McKay Chess Library 2008 p 3 ISBN 978 0 8129 3682 7 Andrew Soltis calls it a celebrated article Andrew Soltis in Karsten Muller Bobby Fischer The Career and Complete Games of the American World Chess Champion Russell Enterprises Inc 2009 p 29 ISBN 978 1 888690 68 2 http www chessgames com perl chess pl yearcomp exactly amp year amp playercomp white amp pid 19233 amp player amp pid2 amp player2 amp movescomp exactly amp moves amp opening C30 C39 amp eco amp result Fischer Evans 1963 64 U S Championship ChessGames com Retrieved on 2009 02 16 Fischer Minic Vinkovci 1968 ChessGames com Retrieved on 2009 02 16 Fischer Wade Vinkovci 1968 ChessGames com Retrieved on 2009 02 16 a b c d Fischer p 5 Chess Opening Explorer Chessgames Opening Exploer https www chessgames com perl chessgame gid 1079886 Short Akopian Madrid 1997 ChessPub Forum KG Fischer Defence The Wikibook Chess Opening Theory has a page on the topic of Fischer Defense Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title King 27s Gambit Fischer Defense amp oldid 1154348549, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
