The Fire of Moscow occurred on May 24, 1571, when the Crimean[3] and Turkish army (8,000 Crimean Tatars, 33,000 irregular Turks and 7,000 janissaries)[citation needed] led by the khan of Crimea Devlet I Giray, bypassed the Serpukhov defensive fortifications on the Oka River, crossed the Ugra River, and rounded the flank of the 60,000-man [4] Russian army.
The sentry troops of Russians were crushed by the Crimean-Turkish forces. Not having forces to stop the invasion, the Russian army retreated to Moscow. The rural Russian population also fled to the capital. After defeating the Russian army, the Crimean-Turkish forces besieged the town of Moscow, because in 1556 and 1558 Muscovy, violating the oath given to the Giray dynasty, attacked the lands of the Crimean Khanate — Moscow troops invaded the Crimea and burned villages and towns in the Western and Eastern Crimea, with many Crimean Tatars captured or killed. In 1561, Muscovites "received a letter from the Patriarch of Constantinople" (which turned out to be false[5]), which asserted the rights of Ivan the Terrible to claim himself the Tsar. By 1563, relations between the Muscovy and the Crimean Khanate finally deteriorated.[6][7]
By May 23, 1571, Tatar troops approached Moscow, setting up a camp near Kolomenskoye. At the same time, Russian voivodes entered the city. The army of Ivan Belsky stood on Bolshaya Street, and the regiment of Ivan Mstislavsky and Ivan Sheremetev on Yakimanka. The advanced regiment of Mikhail Vorotynsky and Pyotr Tatev stood on the Tagansky meadow, while the army of Vasily Tiomkin-Rostovsky was behind Neglinnaya.[8] According to chroniclers, "Prince Ivan Dmitrievich Belskoy went against the Crimean people across the Moscow River to the meadow behind the Swamp and did business with them." During the battle, the Crimeans pushed back the Russians, Prince Belsky was wounded, and a fire rapidly spread through the city.[9]
Fire
The Crimean Tatar and Ottoman forces set the suburbs on fire on 24 May and a sudden wind blew the flames into Moscow and the city went up in a conflagration.[10] According to Heinrich von Staden, a German in the service of Ivan the Terrible (he claimed to be a member of the Oprichnina)," the city, the palace, the Oprichnina palace, and the suburbs burned down completely in six hours. It was a great disaster because no one could escape."[11] People fled into stone churches to escape the flames, but the stone churches collapsed (either from the intensity of the fire or the pressure of the crowds.) People also jumped into the Moscow River to escape, where many drowned. The powder magazine of the Kremlin exploded and those hiding in the cellar there asphyxiated.[12] The tsar ordered the dead found on the streets to be thrown into the river, which overflowed its banks and flooded parts of the town. Jerome Horsey wrote that it took more than a year to clear away all the bodies.[13]
It was one of the most severe fires in the history of the city. Historians estimate the number of casualties of the fire from 60,000[14] to as many over 200,000 people. Foreigners visiting the city before and after the fire have described a noticeable decrease in the city population, and Ivan the Terrible avoided the city for several years after the fire due to the lack of suitable habitation for him and his entourage. The khan's attempt to repeat the raid in 1572 was repelled in the Battle of Molodi.[15]
^Heinrich von Staden, The Land and Government of Muscovy: A Sixteenth Century Account ed. and trans. Thomas Esper(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1967), 47; Michael C. Paul, "The Military Revolution in Russia 1550–1682," The Journal of Military History 68, no. 1 (Jan. 2004), 40.
^von Staden, "The Land and Government of Muscovy," 47; Jerome Horsey, "The Travels of Sir Jerome Horsey, Knight," in Russia at the Close of the Sixteenth Century. Edward A Bond, ed. (London: Haklyut Society, 1856), 164–166; Paul, "The Military Revolution in Russia," 40.
Penskoy, V. V.; Penskaya, T. M. (2013). Яз деи деда своего и прадеда ныне зделал лутчи…»: поход Девлет-Гирея I и сожжение Москвы в мае 1571 [The campaign of Devlet-Giray I and the burning of Moscow in May 1571] (in Russian). History of military affairs: studies and sources.
Davies, Brian (2014). Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700. Routledge. ISBN978-1134552832. OCLC 878862541.
January 06, 2023
fire, moscow, 1571, similar, disasters, fire, moscow, disambiguation, fire, moscow, occurred, 1571, when, crimean, turkish, army, crimean, tatars, irregular, turks, janissaries, citation, needed, khan, crimea, devlet, giray, bypassed, serpukhov, defensive, for. For similar disasters see Fire of Moscow disambiguation The Fire of Moscow occurred on May 24 1571 when the Crimean 3 and Turkish army 8 000 Crimean Tatars 33 000 irregular Turks and 7 000 janissaries citation needed led by the khan of Crimea Devlet I Giray bypassed the Serpukhov defensive fortifications on the Oka River crossed the Ugra River and rounded the flank of the 60 000 man 4 Russian army Fire of MoscowPart of Russo Crimean WarsMiniature of the Illustrated Chronicle 16th centuryDateMay 1571LocationMoscow Grand Duchy of MoscowResultOttoman Crimean victoryMost of Moscow destroyed by fireBelligerentsOttoman EmpireCrimean KhanateNogai HordeTsardom of RussiaCommanders and leadersDevlet I GirayDivey MurzaIvan BelskyIvan MstislavskyIvan SheremetevMikhail VorotynskyPyotr TatevVasily Temkin RostovskyUnits involved citation needed 33 000 irregular Turks7 000 Janissaries8 000 Tatars35 000 40 000 1 Casualties and lossesUnknown60 000 200 000 people died 150 000 Russians enslaved 2 Contents 1 Prelude 2 Fire 3 References 4 SourcesPrelude EditThe sentry troops of Russians were crushed by the Crimean Turkish forces Not having forces to stop the invasion the Russian army retreated to Moscow The rural Russian population also fled to the capital After defeating the Russian army the Crimean Turkish forces besieged the town of Moscow because in 1556 and 1558 Muscovy violating the oath given to the Giray dynasty attacked the lands of the Crimean Khanate Moscow troops invaded the Crimea and burned villages and towns in the Western and Eastern Crimea with many Crimean Tatars captured or killed In 1561 Muscovites received a letter from the Patriarch of Constantinople which turned out to be false 5 which asserted the rights of Ivan the Terrible to claim himself the Tsar By 1563 relations between the Muscovy and the Crimean Khanate finally deteriorated 6 7 By May 23 1571 Tatar troops approached Moscow setting up a camp near Kolomenskoye At the same time Russian voivodes entered the city The army of Ivan Belsky stood on Bolshaya Street and the regiment of Ivan Mstislavsky and Ivan Sheremetev on Yakimanka The advanced regiment of Mikhail Vorotynsky and Pyotr Tatev stood on the Tagansky meadow while the army of Vasily Tiomkin Rostovsky was behind Neglinnaya 8 According to chroniclers Prince Ivan Dmitrievich Belskoy went against the Crimean people across the Moscow River to the meadow behind the Swamp and did business with them During the battle the Crimeans pushed back the Russians Prince Belsky was wounded and a fire rapidly spread through the city 9 Fire EditThe Crimean Tatar and Ottoman forces set the suburbs on fire on 24 May and a sudden wind blew the flames into Moscow and the city went up in a conflagration 10 According to Heinrich von Staden a German in the service of Ivan the Terrible he claimed to be a member of the Oprichnina the city the palace the Oprichnina palace and the suburbs burned down completely in six hours It was a great disaster because no one could escape 11 People fled into stone churches to escape the flames but the stone churches collapsed either from the intensity of the fire or the pressure of the crowds People also jumped into the Moscow River to escape where many drowned The powder magazine of the Kremlin exploded and those hiding in the cellar there asphyxiated 12 The tsar ordered the dead found on the streets to be thrown into the river which overflowed its banks and flooded parts of the town Jerome Horsey wrote that it took more than a year to clear away all the bodies 13 It was one of the most severe fires in the history of the city Historians estimate the number of casualties of the fire from 60 000 14 to as many over 200 000 people Foreigners visiting the city before and after the fire have described a noticeable decrease in the city population and Ivan the Terrible avoided the city for several years after the fire due to the lack of suitable habitation for him and his entourage The khan s attempt to repeat the raid in 1572 was repelled in the Battle of Molodi 15 References Edit Penskoy amp Penskaya 2013 p 192 Davies 2014 p 17 Robert Nisbet Bain Slavonic Europe Apolitical History of Poland and Russia from 1447 to 1796 Cambridge University Press 1908 124 yaz dei deda svoego i pradeda nyne zdelal lutchi pohod Devlet Gireya i i sozhzhenie Moskvy v mae 1571 g cyberleninka ru Archived from the original on 6 August 2021 Retrieved 6 August 2021 K Valishevskij Ivan Groznyj pages 144 145 Karamzin N M Istoriya gosudarstva Rossijskogo v 12 i t SPb 1816 1829 Eskender Amet Demirdzhi Oborona Krymskogo Hanstva ot ekspansii Moskovskogo Gosudarstva in Russian Zimin 2001 p 272 Penskoy amp Penskaya 2013 pp 206 207 Isabel de Madariaga Ivan the Terrible First Tsar of Russia New Haven Yale University Press 2005 264 Heinrich von Staden The Land and Government of Muscovy A Sixteenth Century Account ed and trans Thomas Esper Stanford Stanford University Press 1967 47 Michael C Paul The Military Revolution in Russia 1550 1682 The Journal of Military History 68 no 1 Jan 2004 40 von Staden The Land and Government of Muscovy 47 Jerome Horsey The Travels of Sir Jerome Horsey Knight in Russia at the Close of the Sixteenth Century Edward A Bond ed London Haklyut Society 1856 164 166 Paul The Military Revolution in Russia 40 Madariaga Ivan the Terrible 266 Hannibal Travis 2010 Genocide in the Middle East The Ottoman Empire Iraq and Sudan Carolina Academic Press p 171 ISBN 9781594604362 Madariaga Ivan the Terrible 267 277 Sources EditPenskoy V V Penskaya T M 2013 Yaz dei deda svoego i pradeda nyne zdelal lutchi pohod Devlet Gireya I i sozhzhenie Moskvy v mae 1571 The campaign of Devlet Giray I and the burning of Moscow in May 1571 in Russian History of military affairs studies and sources Zimin Aleksandr 2001 Oprichnina in Russian ISBN 5 900829 07 3 Davies Brian 2014 Warfare State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe 1500 1700 Routledge ISBN 978 1134552832 OCLC 878862541 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fire of Moscow 1571 amp oldid 1128663786, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
