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Finnish Spitz

The Finnish Spitz (Finnish: suomenpystykorva) is a breed of dog originating in Finland. The breed was originally trained to hunt all types of game from squirrels and other rodents to bears.[1] It is a "bark pointer", indicating the position of game by barking, and drawing the game animal's attention to itself, allowing an easier approach for the hunter. Its original game hunting purpose was to point to game that fled into trees, such as grouse, and capercaillies, but it also serves well for hunting elk. Some individuals have even been known to go after a bear. In its native country, the breed is still mostly used as a hunting dog. The breed is typically friendly and good with children, so it is suitable for domestic life. The Finnish Spitz has been the national dog of Finland since 1979.

Finnish Spitz
Other namesFinnish Hunting Dog
Finnish Spets
Finsk Spets
Loulou Finois
suomalainen pystykorva
suomenpystykorva
OriginFinland
Traits
Height Males 44 to 50 cm (17 to 20 in)
Females 39 to 45 cm (15 to 18 in)
Weight 12 to 13 kg (26 to 29 lb)
Coat Double
Color Red, red gold or gold
Kennel club standards
Suomen Kennelliitto standard
Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard
NotesNational dog of Finland
Dog (domestic dog)

Lineage edit

Nearly all dog breeds’ genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture.[2] However, several Arctic dog breeds show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taymyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture. These breeds are associated with high latitudes - the Karelo-Finnish Laika, the Siberian husky and Greenland dog that are also associated with arctic human populations, and to a lesser extent the Shar Pei. An admixture graph of the Greenland dog indicates a best-fit of 3.5% shared material, however an ancestry proportion ranging between 1.4% and 27.3% is consistent with the data. This indicates admixture between the Taymyr wolf population and the ancestral dog population of these 4 high-latitude breeds. This introgression could have provided early dogs living in high latitudes with phenotypic variation beneficial for adaption to a new and challenging environment. It also indicates the ancestry of present-day dog breeds descends from more than one region.[3]

History edit

 
Finnish Spitz from 1915

It is assumed that the Finnish Spitz developed from Spitz-type dogs that came from central Russia with migrants 3,000 years ago.[4] These small clans of woodsmen relied on their dogs to help them obtain food, and the excellent hunting ability of the Finnish Spitz made it a favorite choice.[5]

By 1880, as advanced means of transportation brought diverse peoples and their dogs together, Finnish Spitzes mated with other breeds of dogs, and were becoming extinct as a distinct breed.[4] At about that time, a Finnish sportsman from Helsinki named Hugo Roos observed the pure native Finnish Spitz while hunting in the northern forests. He realized the many virtues of the pure Finnish Spitz breed and decided to select dogs that were untainted examples of the genuine Finnish Spitz in order to try to revive the breed.[1] Thirty years of careful breeding resulted in the modern Finnish Spitz; the dogs are descendants of his original foundation stock.[6]

Finnish Kennel Club has revised the breed standard six times, and the latest version was confirmed in 1996. In 1979, when the club celebrated its 90th anniversary, the Finnish Spitz was declared Finland's national dog breed. The club is also working for including the hunting experience with the Finnish Spitz on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List.[7]

Appearance edit

The proper conformation is a square build, meaning that the length of the body is the same or slightly shorter than the height of the withers to the ground. The length of the body is measured from the point of the shoulder or forechest in front of the withers to the rump. Females are usually a little longer in the back than males. Both sexes should appear slightly longer in the leg than the back.

Dewclaws can appear on front and/or back feet. If back claws appear, they should be removed. The front dewclaws can be removed, if desired.[8]

Coat edit

The Finnish Spitz has a typical double coat, which consists of a soft, dense undercoat and long, harsh guard hairs that can measure 2.5 to 5 cm (one to two inches) long. The outer coat should not exceed 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) at the ruff. The coat should be stiffer, denser, and longer on the neck, back, back of thighs, and plume of the tail, shorter on the head and legs. Male dogs should sport a slightly longer and coarser coat than female ones, who have a slightly more refined coat.

The pluma of the tail is important to the overall look of the dog but should not be too long. Feathered long tail hairs without sustenance can give the dog an unkempt look. Additionally, the tailset is important and the Finnish Spitz should be able to move its tail from one side to the other. Most Finnish Spitz have a preferred side and this is not incorrect.

Proper care of the coat is most important. The Finnish Spitz blows coat or loses its undercoat twice a year. It is imperative that owners brush out the old undercoat so the new coat can grow properly. Although a dog may look fluffy and full, excessive undercoat may cause serious skin problems.

In the show ring, the coat should be shown as completely natural; a brush through the coat is acceptable, but no trimming is allowed, not even of whiskers. However, any excessive undercoat should be removed. Some exhibitors choose to show dogs with excessive undercoat to make the dog's coat appear more lush. Failing to shed undercoat is considered neglect by some judges who prefer a clean and combed coat. Another exception is the hair under the bottom of the feet. The hair under the feet as well as the toe nails should be nicely trimmed for show.

Color edit

 
1989 postage stamp depicting the Finnish Spitz

Puppies are often described as looking similar to a red fox cub. They are born dark grey, black, brown, or fawn with a vast amount of black. A fawn-colored puppy or one with a large amount of white of the chest is not preferable for show purposes. The color of the adult dog can be assessed by an experienced breeder at birth, but even then, the color may change slightly as the puppy grows.[6]

The adult color is typically a golden-red with variations from pale honey to dark chestnut.[9] There is no preference for a particular shade as long as the color is bright and clear with no hints of dullness. The coat should never be a solid color. It should be shaded and without any defined color changes. The coat is usually at its darkest shade on the back of the dog, gradually getting lighter around the chest and belly. The undercoat must always be lighter in color than the topcoat, but is never allowed to be white. A small patch of white, no more than 1.5 cm (0.6 inches) wide, is allowable on the chest, and white tips on the feet are acceptable, but not desired.[6]

The nose, lips, and rims of eyes should always be black.[6]

Height and weight edit

Height at withers (American Kennel Club breed standard[9]):

  • Males: 44.5 to 50.8 cm (17½ to 20 inches)
  • Females: 39.4 to 45.7 cm (15½ to 18 inches)

Weight:

  • Males: 12–14 kg (26–31 lb)
  • Females: 7.3–10 kg (16–22 lb)

Temperament edit

This breed is active, alert and lively. They need one or two long walks each day and will be fairly inactive indoors. This breed will not adapt well to a strictly kenneled living situation; they need a balance of outdoor exercise and indoor play time with the family.[10]

Finnish Spitzes are considered to interact well with people and they are especially good with children. They are always ready to play with children but if ignored, they will usually walk away.[11] As with all dogs, young children and dogs should always be supervised when together. It is an independent breed and will be attached to its family while remaining aloof with strangers. The Finnish Spitz tends to be protective; males have more domineering traits than females.

Most Finnish Spitzes get along well with other dogs in the house. They are bred as a hunting dog and thus are unreliable around small animals and pet birds, but on an individual basis may live well with cats, especially if they are raised with them.

Barking edit

The breed barks at anything perceived to be out of the ordinary. Barking is a major part of their hunting activities. In Finland, these dogs are prized for their barking abilities, which can range from short, sharp barks to many barks per minute that sound like a yodel. The Finnish Spitz can bark as many as 160 times per minute. In Scandinavia, a competition is held to find the "King of the Barkers."[12] In Finland, their barking ability in the field must be proven before a conformation championship can be earned.[13]

When used as a hunting companion, the barking is a way to signal the hunter that the dog has located prey in the forest.[13] They can be trained to reduce the amount of barking,[6] although the barking does make them superb watchdogs.

Training edit

Finnish Spitzes are independent, strong-willed, intelligent dogs. They are best trained with a soft voice and touch.[14] This breed will not respond well to harsh training methods. They should be trained with a light touch and positive reinforcement methods. With patience and calm yet firm handling, the Finnish Spitz can be a wonderful companion.

Health edit

The Finnish Spitz is typically a very healthy breed, with few general health concerns. However, breeders should be consulted to understand the prevalence of a specific disorder in this breed. Below is a short list of what is known to occur:

Factors associated with idiopathic epilepsy in Finnish Spitz dogs are age (<4 years old), number of feeding times per day, exposure to extreme stressful situations (hunting), and sex. Epilepsy was more prevalent in male dogs than females. Dogs that had idiopathic epilepsy were found to have depressed, nervous, and desensitized character.[15]

Median lifespan is about 11.2 years.[16]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Morris, p.316.
  2. ^ Freedman, A. H.; Gronau, I.; Schweizer, R. M.; Ortega-Del Vecchyo, D.; Han, E.; Silva, P. M.; Galaverni, M.; Fan, Z.; Marx, P.; Lorente-Galdos, B.; Beale, H.; Ramirez, O.; Hormozdiari, F.; Alkan, C.; Vilà, C.; Squire, K.; Geffen, E.; Kusak, J.; Boyko, A. R.; Parker, H. G.; Lee, C.; Tadigotla, V.; Siepel, A.; Bustamante, C. D.; Harkins, T. T.; Nelson, S. F.; Ostrander, E. A.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Wayne, R. K.; Novembre, J. (2014). "Genome Sequencing Highlights the Dynamic Early History of Dogs". PLOS Genetics. 10 (1): e1004016. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004016. PMC 3894170. PMID 24453982.
  3. ^ Skoglund, P.; Ersmark, E.; Palkopoulou, E.; Dalén, L. (2015). "Ancient Wolf Genome Reveals an Early Divergence of Domestic Dog Ancestors and Admixture into High-Latitude Breeds". Current Biology. 25 (11): 1515–9. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.04.019. PMID 26004765.
  4. ^ a b The American Kennel Club, p.508.
  5. ^ Nicholas, p.6.
  6. ^ a b c d e Cavill, Angela (2004). . The Finnish Spitz website. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
  7. ^ Antti Aarnio; Kaija Unhola. "The Finnish Spitz is bred from a native landrace". The Finnish Canine Museum. Finnish Kennel Club. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
  8. ^ "Official Breed Standard". New Zealand Kennel Club Website. Retrieved 5 February 2017. Feet: Preferably round. Hind dew claws are always removed. Removal of front dew claws optional.
  9. ^ a b "AKC MEET THE BREEDS®: Finnish Spitz". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
  10. ^ Cunliffe, p.19
  11. ^ Nicholas, p. 24
  12. ^ Cunliffe, p.21
  13. ^ a b Nicholas, p. 26
  14. ^ Cunliffe, p.20
  15. ^ "Phenotype, inheritance characteristics, and risk factors for idiopathic epilepsy in Finnish Spitz dogs | Viitmaa, R. (2013). Phenotype, inheritance characteristics, and risk factors for idiopathic epilepsy in Finnish Spitz dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association., 243(7), 1001–1009". doi:10.2460/javma.243.7.1001.
  16. ^ . The Kennel Club, UK. 2004. Archived from the original on 4 May 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2017.

Further reading edit

  • Morris, Desmond. (2001). Dogs:The Ultimate Dictionary of Over 1,000 Dog Breeds. Trafalgar Square Publishing. ISBN 1-57076-219-8.
  • The American Kennel Club. (1997). The Complete Dog Book(19th ed.). Howell Book House. ISBN 0-87605-148-4.
  • Nicholas, Anna Katherine. (1990). Finnish Spitz. T.F.H. Publications. ISBN 0-86622-783-0.
  • Cunliffe, Juliette. (2003). Finnish Spitz: Special Rare-Breed Edition. Kennel Club Books. ISBN 1-59378-361-2.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Finnish Spitz at Wikimedia Commons
  • The Finnish Spitz Society UK
  • The American Kennel Club official site
  • The Finnish Spitz club of America
  • The Finnish Spitz Directory
  • FAQ's

finnish, spitz, finnish, suomenpystykorva, breed, originating, finland, breed, originally, trained, hunt, types, game, from, squirrels, other, rodents, bears, bark, pointer, indicating, position, game, barking, drawing, game, animal, attention, itself, allowin. The Finnish Spitz Finnish suomenpystykorva is a breed of dog originating in Finland The breed was originally trained to hunt all types of game from squirrels and other rodents to bears 1 It is a bark pointer indicating the position of game by barking and drawing the game animal s attention to itself allowing an easier approach for the hunter Its original game hunting purpose was to point to game that fled into trees such as grouse and capercaillies but it also serves well for hunting elk Some individuals have even been known to go after a bear In its native country the breed is still mostly used as a hunting dog The breed is typically friendly and good with children so it is suitable for domestic life The Finnish Spitz has been the national dog of Finland since 1979 Finnish SpitzOther namesFinnish Hunting DogFinnish SpetsFinsk SpetsLoulou Finoissuomalainen pystykorvasuomenpystykorvaOriginFinlandTraitsHeightMales44 to 50 cm 17 to 20 in Females39 to 45 cm 15 to 18 in Weight12 to 13 kg 26 to 29 lb CoatDoubleColorRed red gold or goldKennel club standardsSuomen KennelliittostandardFederation Cynologique InternationalestandardNotesNational dog of FinlandDog domestic dog Contents 1 Lineage 2 History 3 Appearance 3 1 Coat 3 2 Color 3 3 Height and weight 4 Temperament 4 1 Barking 4 2 Training 5 Health 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksLineage editNearly all dog breeds genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture 2 However several Arctic dog breeds show a genetic closeness with the now extinct Taymyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture These breeds are associated with high latitudes the Karelo Finnish Laika the Siberian husky and Greenland dog that are also associated with arctic human populations and to a lesser extent the Shar Pei An admixture graph of the Greenland dog indicates a best fit of 3 5 shared material however an ancestry proportion ranging between 1 4 and 27 3 is consistent with the data This indicates admixture between the Taymyr wolf population and the ancestral dog population of these 4 high latitude breeds This introgression could have provided early dogs living in high latitudes with phenotypic variation beneficial for adaption to a new and challenging environment It also indicates the ancestry of present day dog breeds descends from more than one region 3 Further information Origin of the domestic dog Arctic breedsHistory edit nbsp Finnish Spitz from 1915It is assumed that the Finnish Spitz developed from Spitz type dogs that came from central Russia with migrants 3 000 years ago 4 These small clans of woodsmen relied on their dogs to help them obtain food and the excellent hunting ability of the Finnish Spitz made it a favorite choice 5 By 1880 as advanced means of transportation brought diverse peoples and their dogs together Finnish Spitzes mated with other breeds of dogs and were becoming extinct as a distinct breed 4 At about that time a Finnish sportsman from Helsinki named Hugo Roos observed the pure native Finnish Spitz while hunting in the northern forests He realized the many virtues of the pure Finnish Spitz breed and decided to select dogs that were untainted examples of the genuine Finnish Spitz in order to try to revive the breed 1 Thirty years of careful breeding resulted in the modern Finnish Spitz the dogs are descendants of his original foundation stock 6 Finnish Kennel Club has revised the breed standard six times and the latest version was confirmed in 1996 In 1979 when the club celebrated its 90th anniversary the Finnish Spitz was declared Finland s national dog breed The club is also working for including the hunting experience with the Finnish Spitz on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List 7 Appearance editThe proper conformation is a square build meaning that the length of the body is the same or slightly shorter than the height of the withers to the ground The length of the body is measured from the point of the shoulder or forechest in front of the withers to the rump Females are usually a little longer in the back than males Both sexes should appear slightly longer in the leg than the back Dewclaws can appear on front and or back feet If back claws appear they should be removed The front dewclaws can be removed if desired 8 Coat edit The Finnish Spitz has a typical double coat which consists of a soft dense undercoat and long harsh guard hairs that can measure 2 5 to 5 cm one to two inches long The outer coat should not exceed 2 5 centimetres 0 98 in at the ruff The coat should be stiffer denser and longer on the neck back back of thighs and plume of the tail shorter on the head and legs Male dogs should sport a slightly longer and coarser coat than female ones who have a slightly more refined coat The pluma of the tail is important to the overall look of the dog but should not be too long Feathered long tail hairs without sustenance can give the dog an unkempt look Additionally the tailset is important and the Finnish Spitz should be able to move its tail from one side to the other Most Finnish Spitz have a preferred side and this is not incorrect Proper care of the coat is most important The Finnish Spitz blows coat or loses its undercoat twice a year It is imperative that owners brush out the old undercoat so the new coat can grow properly Although a dog may look fluffy and full excessive undercoat may cause serious skin problems In the show ring the coat should be shown as completely natural a brush through the coat is acceptable but no trimming is allowed not even of whiskers However any excessive undercoat should be removed Some exhibitors choose to show dogs with excessive undercoat to make the dog s coat appear more lush Failing to shed undercoat is considered neglect by some judges who prefer a clean and combed coat Another exception is the hair under the bottom of the feet The hair under the feet as well as the toe nails should be nicely trimmed for show Color edit nbsp 1989 postage stamp depicting the Finnish SpitzPuppies are often described as looking similar to a red fox cub They are born dark grey black brown or fawn with a vast amount of black A fawn colored puppy or one with a large amount of white of the chest is not preferable for show purposes The color of the adult dog can be assessed by an experienced breeder at birth but even then the color may change slightly as the puppy grows 6 The adult color is typically a golden red with variations from pale honey to dark chestnut 9 There is no preference for a particular shade as long as the color is bright and clear with no hints of dullness The coat should never be a solid color It should be shaded and without any defined color changes The coat is usually at its darkest shade on the back of the dog gradually getting lighter around the chest and belly The undercoat must always be lighter in color than the topcoat but is never allowed to be white A small patch of white no more than 1 5 cm 0 6 inches wide is allowable on the chest and white tips on the feet are acceptable but not desired 6 The nose lips and rims of eyes should always be black 6 Height and weight edit Height at withers American Kennel Club breed standard 9 Males 44 5 to 50 8 cm 17 to 20 inches Females 39 4 to 45 7 cm 15 to 18 inches Weight Males 12 14 kg 26 31 lb Females 7 3 10 kg 16 22 lb Temperament editThis breed is active alert and lively They need one or two long walks each day and will be fairly inactive indoors This breed will not adapt well to a strictly kenneled living situation they need a balance of outdoor exercise and indoor play time with the family 10 Finnish Spitzes are considered to interact well with people and they are especially good with children They are always ready to play with children but if ignored they will usually walk away 11 As with all dogs young children and dogs should always be supervised when together It is an independent breed and will be attached to its family while remaining aloof with strangers The Finnish Spitz tends to be protective males have more domineering traits than females Most Finnish Spitzes get along well with other dogs in the house They are bred as a hunting dog and thus are unreliable around small animals and pet birds but on an individual basis may live well with cats especially if they are raised with them Barking edit The breed barks at anything perceived to be out of the ordinary Barking is a major part of their hunting activities In Finland these dogs are prized for their barking abilities which can range from short sharp barks to many barks per minute that sound like a yodel The Finnish Spitz can bark as many as 160 times per minute In Scandinavia a competition is held to find the King of the Barkers 12 In Finland their barking ability in the field must be proven before a conformation championship can be earned 13 When used as a hunting companion the barking is a way to signal the hunter that the dog has located prey in the forest 13 They can be trained to reduce the amount of barking 6 although the barking does make them superb watchdogs Training edit Finnish Spitzes are independent strong willed intelligent dogs They are best trained with a soft voice and touch 14 This breed will not respond well to harsh training methods They should be trained with a light touch and positive reinforcement methods With patience and calm yet firm handling the Finnish Spitz can be a wonderful companion Health editThe Finnish Spitz is typically a very healthy breed with few general health concerns However breeders should be consulted to understand the prevalence of a specific disorder in this breed Below is a short list of what is known to occur Elbow dysplasia EpilepsyFactors associated with idiopathic epilepsy in Finnish Spitz dogs are age lt 4 years old number of feeding times per day exposure to extreme stressful situations hunting and sex Epilepsy was more prevalent in male dogs than females Dogs that had idiopathic epilepsy were found to have depressed nervous and desensitized character 15 Hip dysplasia Patellar luxationMedian lifespan is about 11 2 years 16 See also editDogs portal List of dog breedsReferences edit a b Morris p 316 Freedman A H Gronau I Schweizer R M Ortega Del Vecchyo D Han E Silva P M Galaverni M Fan Z Marx P Lorente Galdos B Beale H Ramirez O Hormozdiari F Alkan C Vila C Squire K Geffen E Kusak J Boyko A R Parker H G Lee C Tadigotla V Siepel A Bustamante C D Harkins T T Nelson S F Ostrander E A Marques Bonet T Wayne R K Novembre J 2014 Genome Sequencing Highlights the Dynamic Early History of Dogs PLOS Genetics 10 1 e1004016 doi 10 1371 journal pgen 1004016 PMC 3894170 PMID 24453982 Skoglund P Ersmark E Palkopoulou E Dalen L 2015 Ancient Wolf Genome Reveals an Early Divergence of Domestic Dog Ancestors and Admixture into High Latitude Breeds Current Biology 25 11 1515 9 doi 10 1016 j cub 2015 04 019 PMID 26004765 a b The American Kennel Club p 508 Nicholas p 6 a b c d e Cavill Angela 2004 The Finnish Spitz The Finnish Spitz website Archived from the original on 12 March 2016 Retrieved 5 February 2017 Antti Aarnio Kaija Unhola The Finnish Spitz is bred from a native landrace The Finnish Canine Museum Finnish Kennel Club Retrieved 5 February 2017 Official Breed Standard New Zealand Kennel Club Website Retrieved 5 February 2017 Feet Preferably round Hind dew claws are always removed Removal of front dew claws optional a b AKC MEET THE BREEDS Finnish Spitz American Kennel Club Retrieved 5 February 2017 Cunliffe p 19 Nicholas p 24 Cunliffe p 21 a b Nicholas p 26 Cunliffe p 20 Phenotype inheritance characteristics and risk factors for idiopathic epilepsy in Finnish Spitz dogs Viitmaa R 2013 Phenotype inheritance characteristics and risk factors for idiopathic epilepsy in Finnish Spitz dogs Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 243 7 1001 1009 doi 10 2460 javma 243 7 1001 Individual Breed Results for Purebred Dog Health Survey The Kennel Club UK 2004 Archived from the original on 4 May 2007 Retrieved 5 February 2017 Further reading editMorris Desmond 2001 Dogs The Ultimate Dictionary of Over 1 000 Dog Breeds Trafalgar Square Publishing ISBN 1 57076 219 8 The American Kennel Club 1997 The Complete Dog Book 19th ed Howell Book House ISBN 0 87605 148 4 Nicholas Anna Katherine 1990 Finnish Spitz T F H Publications ISBN 0 86622 783 0 Cunliffe Juliette 2003 Finnish Spitz Special Rare Breed Edition Kennel Club Books ISBN 1 59378 361 2 External links edit nbsp Finland portal nbsp Media related to Finnish Spitz at Wikimedia Commons The Finnish Spitz Society UK The American Kennel Club official site The Finnish Spitz club of America The Finnish Spitz Directory FAQ s Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Finnish Spitz amp oldid 1188203957, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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