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United States Army Field Artillery School

January 01, 1970

The United States Army Field Artillery School (USAFAS) trains Field Artillery Soldiers and Marines in tactics, techniques, and procedures for the employment of fire support systems in support of the maneuver commander. The school further develops leaders who are tactically and technically proficient, develops and refines warfighting doctrine, and designs units capable of winning on future battlefields. The school is currently located at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.

United States Army Field Artillery School
Device of the United States Army Field Artillery School
Founded1911
BranchU.S. Army
TypeField Artillery
Garrison/HQFort Sill, Oklahoma
Motto(s)Cedat Fortuna Peritis (Let Fortune Yield to Experience, or Skill is Better than Luck)
Websitehttp://sill-www.army.mil/USAFAS/
Insignia
Shoulder sleeve insignia
Distinctive unit insignia

Vision edit

Be the world's premier Field Artillery force; modernized, organized, trained, and ready to integrate and employ Army, Joint and Multinational fires across multiple domains enabling victory through Unified Land Operations.

Mission edit

  • The mission of the Field Artillery is to destroy, neutralize or suppress the enemy by cannon, rocket or missile fire and to help integrate all fire support assets into combined arms operations.
  • The mission of the Field Artillery School: The U.S. Army Field Artillery School trains, educates and develops agile, adaptive and decisive Soldiers and leaders; engages, collaborates and partners with other branches, sister-services and other fires warfighting function proponents; and serves as the lead agent for the development of Field Artillery doctrine, concepts and dissemination of that knowledge to the Field Artillery force in support of commanders operating across the full spectrum of conflict and in the joint, inter-organizational and multinational (JIM) environment.[1]

Endstate edit

The U.S. Army Field Artillery enables maneuver commanders to dominate in Unified Land Operations through effective targeting, integration and delivery of fires.

Heraldry edit

Device edit

Shield: Gules, a field piece of the 16th century paleways in plan Or.

Crest: On a wreath of the colors (Or and Gules) the arm of Saint Barbara embowed clothed of the second, issuing from the upper portion of an embattled tower Argent, and grasping flashes of lightning Proper.

Motto: CEDAT FORTUNA PERITIS (Let Fortune Yield to Experience, or Skill is Better than Luck).

Symbolism:The shield is red for Artillery; the field piece depicted, having been used in the 16th century, is the forerunner of the modern artillery. The crest is the arm of Saint Barbara, the patron saint of Artillery, holding flashes of lightning alluding to the pagan idea of Jove's ability to destroy with his bolts that which offended him.

Background: The device was originally approved for The Field Artillery School on 8 April 1926. It was redesignated for The Artillery School on 19 May 1954. On 11 September 1957 the device was redesignated for the U.S. Artillery and Missile School. On 13 February 1969 it was redesignated for the U.S. Field Artillery School.[2]

Shoulder sleeve insignia edit

Description/Blazon: On a scarlet shield edged with a 1⁄8 inch (0.32 cm) yellow border, 3 inches (7.6 cm) in height and 2 inches (5.1 cm) in width overall, a yellow field piece.

Symbolism: The ancient field piece is taken from the device of the Field Artillery School, as well as the colors scarlet and yellow which are for Artillery.

Background: The shoulder sleeve insignia was originally approved on 17 July 1970 for the U.S. Army Field Artillery School. It was amended on 9 June 1981 to extend authorization for wear to include personnel assigned to the U.S. Army Field Artillery Center. (TIOH Dwg. No. A-1-188)[2]

Distinctive unit insignia edit

Description/Blazon: A gold color metal and enamel device 1 inch (2.5 cm) in height overall on a shield Gules, a field piece of the 16th century paleways in plan Or.

Symbolism: The shield is red for Artillery; the field piece depicted, having been used in the 16th century, is the forerunner of the modern artillery.

Background: The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the Field Artillery School on 29 March 1930. It was redesignated for the Artillery School on 19 May 1954. On 11 September 1957 the insignia was redesignated for the U.S. Army Artillery and Missile School. The distinctive unit insignia was redesignated for the U.S. Field Army Artillery School on 13 February 1969. It was amended on 9 June 1981 to extend authorization for wear to personnel assigned to the U.S. Army Field Artillery Center.[2]

History edit

 
The Artillery School of Practice, a predecessor of USAFAS, was founded in 1824.

The origin of USAFAS can be traced back to the 1907 reorganization of the Artillery Corps and to the character of Fort Sill at that time. The 1907 reorganization created Coast and Field Artillery Branches. In the process of this reorganization, the Field Artillery was deprived of its former home at Fort Monroe, Virginia. Fort Sill was considered the best location for a Field Artillery school, since its 15,000-acre (61 km2) reservation allowed ample room for target practice and its great variety of terrain offered an excellent area for different types of tactical training. In addition, the post had already assumed the character of the home of artillery with a large number of artillery units assigned.

The first artillery school, the US Army School of Fire, was organized in 1911 by Captain Dan Tyler Moore. With the exception of a brief period in 1916 when school troops were used as frontier security guards during the Mexican Revolution, the School has operated and expanded continuously. Hundreds of thousands of artillerymen have been trained at Fort Sill since the inception of the School.

After the United States entered World War I, the school reopened in 1917 with Col. William J. Snow as commandant. The Field Artillery School, as it was now known, added more courses. After the war, school commandants began a long-range program to improve field artillery mobility, gunnery and equipment. Budget cuts during the 1920s hampered their efforts, but innovative directors of the Gunnery Department, with support from school commandants, helped modernize the field artillery in the 1930s. Maj. Carlos Brewer, director of the Gunnery Department in the late 1920s and early 1930s, introduced new fire direction techniques so fire support would be more responsive. Maj. Orlando Ward, the next department director, developed the fire direction center to centralize command and control and to facilitate massing fire. Brewer, Ward, and Lt. Col. H.L.C. Jones encouraged replacing horses with motor vehicles for moving field artillery guns.

During World War II, to best use new long-range guns and better response times, the Field Artillery School championed the use of air observation to control artillery fires. The War Department approved organic field artillery air observation in 1942. The artillery air observers adjusted massed fire and performed liaison, reconnaissance, and other missions during the war. Following the war, the school adapted to the atomic age and the Cold War. The War Department consolidated all artillery training and developments under the U.S. Army Artillery Center at Fort Sill in 1946. At that time, the center included the Artillery School, the Antiaircraft and Guided Missile School at Fort Bliss, Texas, and the Coast Artillery School at Fort Scott, Calif. The air defense artillery became its own branch in 1968. In 1953, school personnel fired the first nuclear-capable fieldartillery gun (the 280mm gun known as Atomic Annie) at Frenchman's Flat, Nevada. During the 1950s, school personnel also helped develop rocket and missile warfare (The U.S. arsenal included the Honest John rocket, Corporal missile and Redstone missile) that could carry a nuclear warhead.

In 1963, the school tested aerial rocket artillery, which equipped helicopters with rockets. As demonstrated in the Vietnam War, aerial rocket artillery was effective. The school cooperated in the development of the Field Artillery Digital Automated Computer, commonly called FADAC, to compute fire direction data. Introduced in 1966–67, FADAC made the field artillery a leader in computer developments for the Army. After the Vietnam War, the school participated in the introduction of the Multiple-Launch Rocket System, the Army Tactical Missile System, the Paladin 155-mm. self-propelled howitzer, and other field artillery systems.

The field artillery's performance in military operations in Operation Desert Storm in 1990-91 and Iraq and Afghanistan from 2001 to today validated the school's modernization efforts. Field artillery officers and soldiers can do complicated logarithmic calculations to fire a mission in one moment or they can escort a supply convoy, secure prisoners, patrol a village or any other mission the next.[3]

Commandants edit

Commandants of the Artillery School include John Patten Story, who commanded from 1902 to 1904.[4]

Other commandants have included:[5]

  1. Capt. Dan Tyler Moore, 1911–1914
  2. Lt. Col. Edward F. McGlachlin Jr., 1914–1916
  3. Col. William J. Snow, 1917
  4. Brig. Gen. Adrian S. Fleming, 1917–1918
  5. Brig. Gen. Laurin L. Lawson, 1918
  6. Brig. Gen. Dennis H. Currie, 1918–1919
  7. Brig. Gen. Edward T. Donnelly, 1919
  8. Maj. Gen. Ernest Hinds, 1919–1923
  9. Maj. Gen. George LeRoy Irwin, 1923–1928
  10. Brig. Gen. Dwight E. Aultman, 1928–1929
  11. Brig. Gen. William M. Cruikshank, 1930–1934
  12. Maj. Gen. Henry W. Butner, 1934–1936
  13. Brig. Gen. Augustine McIntyre Jr., 1936–1940
  14. Brig. Gen. Donald C. Cubbison, 1940
  15. Brig. Gen. George R. Allin, 1941–1942
  16. Brig. Gen. Jesmond D. Balmer, 1942–1944
  17. Maj. Gen. Orlando Ward, 1944
  18. Maj. Gen. Ralph McT. Pennell, 1944–1945
  19. Maj. Gen. Louis E. Hibbs, 1945–1946
  20. Maj. Gen. Clift Andrus, 1946–1949
  21. Maj. Gen. Joseph M. Swing, 1949–1950
  22. Maj. Gen. Arthur M. Harper, 1950–1953
  23. Maj. Gen. Charles E. Hart, 1953–1954
  24. Maj. Gen. Edward T. Williams, 1954–1956
  25. Maj. Gen. Thomas E. deShazo, 1956–1959
  26. Maj. Gen. Verdi B. Barnes, 1959–1961
  27. Maj. Gen. Lewis S. Griffing, 1961–1964
  28. Maj. Gen. Harry H. Critz, 1964–1967
  29. Maj. Gen. Charles P. Brown, 1967–1970
  30. Maj. Gen. Roderick Wetherill, 1970–1973
  31. Maj. Gen. David E. Ott, 1973–1976
  32. Maj. Gen. Donald R. Keith, 1976–1977
  33. Maj. Gen. Jack N. Merritt, 1977–1980
  34. Maj. Gen. Edward A. Dinges, 1980–1982
  35. Maj. Gen. John S. Crosby, 1982–1985
  36. Maj. Gen. Eugene S. Korpal, 1985–1987
  37. Maj. Gen. Raphael J. Hallada, 1987–1991
  38. Maj. Gen. Fred F. Marty, 1991–1993
  39. Maj. Gen. John A. Dubia, 1993–1995
  40. Maj. Gen. Randall L. Rigby, 1995–1997
  41. Maj. Gen. Leo J. Baxter, 1997–1999
  42. Maj. Gen. Toney Stricklin, 1999–2001
  43. Maj. Gen. Michael D. Maples, 2001–2003
  44. Maj. Gen. David P. Valcourt, 2003–2005
  45. Maj. Gen. David C. Ralston, 2005–2007
  46. Maj. Gen. Peter M. Vangjel, 2007–2009
  47. Brig. Gen. Ross E. Ridge, 2009–2010
  48. Brig. Gen. Thomas S. Vandal, 2011–2012
  49. Brig. Gen. Brian J. McKiernan, 2012–2013
  50. Brig. Gen. Christopher F. Bentley, 2013–2014
  51. Brig. Gen. William A. Turner, 2014–2016
  52. Brig. Gen. Stephen J. Maranian, 2016–2018
  53. Brig. Gen. Stephen G. Smith 2018–2020
  54. Brig. Gen. Winston P. "Phil" Brooks 2020–2021
  55. Brig. Gen. Andrew D. Preston, 2021–present

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ http://sill-www.army.mil/USAFAS/redleg/archive/2016/sep-oct-2016.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  2. ^ a b c "U.S. Army Field Artillery School: Shoulder Sleeve Insignia; Distinctive Unit Insignia; Device; Flag". United States Army Institute of Heraldry.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ http://sill-www.army.mil/USAFAS/history.html [dead link]
  4. ^ Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy (1915). Annual Reunion Proceedings. Vol. 46. Saginaw, MI: Seemann & Peters. pp. 52–55 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ Via Wayback Machine.

Further reading edit

  • History of the Field Artillery School; Volume I 1911–1942 (PDF). Fort Sill, Oklahoma: United States Army. 1942. (PDF) from the original on 10 June 2016.
  • History of the Field Artillery School; Volume II World War II (PDF). Fort Sill, Oklahoma: United States Army. 1946. (PDF) from the original on 10 June 2016.
  • History of the U.S. Army Field Artillery and Missile School; Volume III 1945–1957 (PDF). Fort Sill, Oklahoma: United States Army. 1957. (PDF) from the original on 10 June 2016.
  • History of the U.S. Army Field Artillery and Missile School; Volume IV 1958–1967 (PDF). Fort Sill, Oklahoma: United States Army. 1967. (PDF) from the original on 10 June 2016.
  • McKenney, Janice E. (2010). Field Artillery (PDF). Army Lineage Series (Second ed.). Washington D.C.: US Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 60-11.

34°39′04″N 98°24′32″W / 34.6511°N 98.4089°W / 34.6511; -98.4089

January 01, 1970
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources United States Army Field Artillery School news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2008 Learn how and when to remove this message The United States Army Field Artillery School USAFAS trains Field Artillery Soldiers and Marines in tactics techniques and procedures for the employment of fire support systems in support of the maneuver commander The school further develops leaders who are tactically and technically proficient develops and refines warfighting doctrine and designs units capable of winning on future battlefields The school is currently located at Fort Sill Oklahoma United States Army Field Artillery SchoolDevice of the United States Army Field Artillery SchoolFounded1911BranchU S ArmyTypeField ArtilleryGarrison HQFort Sill OklahomaMotto s Cedat Fortuna Peritis Let Fortune Yield to Experience or Skill is Better than Luck Websitehttp sill www army mil USAFAS InsigniaShoulder sleeve insigniaDistinctive unit insignia Contents 1 Vision 2 Mission 3 Endstate 4 Heraldry 4 1 Device 4 2 Shoulder sleeve insignia 4 3 Distinctive unit insignia 5 History 5 1 Commandants 6 See also 7 References 8 Further readingVision editBe the world s premier Field Artillery force modernized organized trained and ready to integrate and employ Army Joint and Multinational fires across multiple domains enabling victory through Unified Land Operations Mission editThe mission of the Field Artillery is to destroy neutralize or suppress the enemy by cannon rocket or missile fire and to help integrate all fire support assets into combined arms operations The mission of the Field Artillery School The U S Army Field Artillery School trains educates and develops agile adaptive and decisive Soldiers and leaders engages collaborates and partners with other branches sister services and other fires warfighting function proponents and serves as the lead agent for the development of Field Artillery doctrine concepts and dissemination of that knowledge to the Field Artillery force in support of commanders operating across the full spectrum of conflict and in the joint inter organizational and multinational JIM environment 1 Endstate editThe U S Army Field Artillery enables maneuver commanders to dominate in Unified Land Operations through effective targeting integration and delivery of fires Heraldry editDevice edit Shield Gules a field piece of the 16th century paleways in plan Or Crest On a wreath of the colors Or and Gules the arm of Saint Barbara embowed clothed of the second issuing from the upper portion of an embattled tower Argent and grasping flashes of lightning Proper Motto CEDAT FORTUNA PERITIS Let Fortune Yield to Experience or Skill is Better than Luck Symbolism The shield is red for Artillery the field piece depicted having been used in the 16th century is the forerunner of the modern artillery The crest is the arm of Saint Barbara the patron saint of Artillery holding flashes of lightning alluding to the pagan idea of Jove s ability to destroy with his bolts that which offended him Background The device was originally approved for The Field Artillery School on 8 April 1926 It was redesignated for The Artillery School on 19 May 1954 On 11 September 1957 the device was redesignated for the U S Artillery and Missile School On 13 February 1969 it was redesignated for the U S Field Artillery School 2 Shoulder sleeve insignia edit Description Blazon On a scarlet shield edged with a 1 8 inch 0 32 cm yellow border 3 inches 7 6 cm in height and 2 inches 5 1 cm in width overall a yellow field piece Symbolism The ancient field piece is taken from the device of the Field Artillery School as well as the colors scarlet and yellow which are for Artillery Background The shoulder sleeve insignia was originally approved on 17 July 1970 for the U S Army Field Artillery School It was amended on 9 June 1981 to extend authorization for wear to include personnel assigned to the U S Army Field Artillery Center TIOH Dwg No A 1 188 2 Distinctive unit insignia edit Description Blazon A gold color metal and enamel device 1 inch 2 5 cm in height overall on a shield Gules a field piece of the 16th century paleways in plan Or Symbolism The shield is red for Artillery the field piece depicted having been used in the 16th century is the forerunner of the modern artillery Background The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the Field Artillery School on 29 March 1930 It was redesignated for the Artillery School on 19 May 1954 On 11 September 1957 the insignia was redesignated for the U S Army Artillery and Missile School The distinctive unit insignia was redesignated for the U S Field Army Artillery School on 13 February 1969 It was amended on 9 June 1981 to extend authorization for wear to personnel assigned to the U S Army Field Artillery Center 2 History edit nbsp The Artillery School of Practice a predecessor of USAFAS was founded in 1824 The origin of USAFAS can be traced back to the 1907 reorganization of the Artillery Corps and to the character of Fort Sill at that time The 1907 reorganization created Coast and Field Artillery Branches In the process of this reorganization the Field Artillery was deprived of its former home at Fort Monroe Virginia Fort Sill was considered the best location for a Field Artillery school since its 15 000 acre 61 km2 reservation allowed ample room for target practice and its great variety of terrain offered an excellent area for different types of tactical training In addition the post had already assumed the character of the home of artillery with a large number of artillery units assigned The first artillery school the US Army School of Fire was organized in 1911 by Captain Dan Tyler Moore With the exception of a brief period in 1916 when school troops were used as frontier security guards during the Mexican Revolution the School has operated and expanded continuously Hundreds of thousands of artillerymen have been trained at Fort Sill since the inception of the School After the United States entered World War I the school reopened in 1917 with Col William J Snow as commandant The Field Artillery School as it was now known added more courses After the war school commandants began a long range program to improve field artillery mobility gunnery and equipment Budget cuts during the 1920s hampered their efforts but innovative directors of the Gunnery Department with support from school commandants helped modernize the field artillery in the 1930s Maj Carlos Brewer director of the Gunnery Department in the late 1920s and early 1930s introduced new fire direction techniques so fire support would be more responsive Maj Orlando Ward the next department director developed the fire direction center to centralize command and control and to facilitate massing fire Brewer Ward and Lt Col H L C Jones encouraged replacing horses with motor vehicles for moving field artillery guns During World War II to best use new long range guns and better response times the Field Artillery School championed the use of air observation to control artillery fires The War Department approved organic field artillery air observation in 1942 The artillery air observers adjusted massed fire and performed liaison reconnaissance and other missions during the war Following the war the school adapted to the atomic age and the Cold War The War Department consolidated all artillery training and developments under the U S Army Artillery Center at Fort Sill in 1946 At that time the center included the Artillery School the Antiaircraft and Guided Missile School at Fort Bliss Texas and the Coast Artillery School at Fort Scott Calif The air defense artillery became its own branch in 1968 In 1953 school personnel fired the first nuclear capable fieldartillery gun the 280mm gun known as Atomic Annie at Frenchman s Flat Nevada During the 1950s school personnel also helped develop rocket and missile warfare The U S arsenal included the Honest John rocket Corporal missile and Redstone missile that could carry a nuclear warhead In 1963 the school tested aerial rocket artillery which equipped helicopters with rockets As demonstrated in the Vietnam War aerial rocket artillery was effective The school cooperated in the development of the Field Artillery Digital Automated Computer commonly called FADAC to compute fire direction data Introduced in 1966 67 FADAC made the field artillery a leader in computer developments for the Army After the Vietnam War the school participated in the introduction of the Multiple Launch Rocket System the Army Tactical Missile System the Paladin 155 mm self propelled howitzer and other field artillery systems The field artillery s performance in military operations in Operation Desert Storm in 1990 91 and Iraq and Afghanistan from 2001 to today validated the school s modernization efforts Field artillery officers and soldiers can do complicated logarithmic calculations to fire a mission in one moment or they can escort a supply convoy secure prisoners patrol a village or any other mission the next 3 Commandants edit Commandants of the Artillery School include John Patten Story who commanded from 1902 to 1904 4 Other commandants have included 5 Capt Dan Tyler Moore 1911 1914 Lt Col Edward F McGlachlin Jr 1914 1916 Col William J Snow 1917 Brig Gen Adrian S Fleming 1917 1918 Brig Gen Laurin L Lawson 1918 Brig Gen Dennis H Currie 1918 1919 Brig Gen Edward T Donnelly 1919 Maj Gen Ernest Hinds 1919 1923 Maj Gen George LeRoy Irwin 1923 1928 Brig Gen Dwight E Aultman 1928 1929 Brig Gen William M Cruikshank 1930 1934 Maj Gen Henry W Butner 1934 1936 Brig Gen Augustine McIntyre Jr 1936 1940 Brig Gen Donald C Cubbison 1940 Brig Gen George R Allin 1941 1942 Brig Gen Jesmond D Balmer 1942 1944 Maj Gen Orlando Ward 1944 Maj Gen Ralph McT Pennell 1944 1945 Maj Gen Louis E Hibbs 1945 1946 Maj Gen Clift Andrus 1946 1949 Maj Gen Joseph M Swing 1949 1950 Maj Gen Arthur M Harper 1950 1953 Maj Gen Charles E Hart 1953 1954 Maj Gen Edward T Williams 1954 1956 Maj Gen Thomas E deShazo 1956 1959 Maj Gen Verdi B Barnes 1959 1961 Maj Gen Lewis S Griffing 1961 1964 Maj Gen Harry H Critz 1964 1967 Maj Gen Charles P Brown 1967 1970 Maj Gen Roderick Wetherill 1970 1973 Maj Gen David E Ott 1973 1976 Maj Gen Donald R Keith 1976 1977 Maj Gen Jack N Merritt 1977 1980 Maj Gen Edward A Dinges 1980 1982 Maj Gen John S Crosby 1982 1985 Maj Gen Eugene S Korpal 1985 1987 Maj Gen Raphael J Hallada 1987 1991 Maj Gen Fred F Marty 1991 1993 Maj Gen John A Dubia 1993 1995 Maj Gen Randall L Rigby 1995 1997 Maj Gen Leo J Baxter 1997 1999 Maj Gen Toney Stricklin 1999 2001 Maj Gen Michael D Maples 2001 2003 Maj Gen David P Valcourt 2003 2005 Maj Gen David C Ralston 2005 2007 Maj Gen Peter M Vangjel 2007 2009 Brig Gen Ross E Ridge 2009 2010 Brig Gen Thomas S Vandal 2011 2012 Brig Gen Brian J McKiernan 2012 2013 Brig Gen Christopher F Bentley 2013 2014 Brig Gen William A Turner 2014 2016 Brig Gen Stephen J Maranian 2016 2018 Brig Gen Stephen G Smith 2018 2020 Brig Gen Winston P Phil Brooks 2020 2021 Brig Gen Andrew D Preston 2021 presentSee also editField Artillery Branch United States Field Artillery Ground combat elementReferences edit http sill www army mil USAFAS redleg archive 2016 sep oct 2016 pdf bare URL PDF a b c U S Army Field Artillery School Shoulder Sleeve Insignia Distinctive Unit Insignia Device Flag United States Army Institute of Heraldry nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain http sill www army mil USAFAS history html dead link Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy 1915 Annual Reunion Proceedings Vol 46 Saginaw MI Seemann amp Peters pp 52 55 via Google Books Cedat Fortuna Peritis A History of the Field Artillery School Via Wayback Machine Further reading editHistory of the Field Artillery School Volume I 1911 1942 PDF Fort Sill Oklahoma United States Army 1942 Archived PDF from the original on 10 June 2016 History of the Field Artillery School Volume II World War II PDF Fort Sill Oklahoma United States Army 1946 Archived PDF from the original on 10 June 2016 History of the U S Army Field Artillery and Missile School Volume III 1945 1957 PDF Fort Sill Oklahoma United States Army 1957 Archived PDF from the original on 10 June 2016 History of the U S Army Field Artillery and Missile School Volume IV 1958 1967 PDF Fort Sill Oklahoma United States Army 1967 Archived PDF from the original on 10 June 2016 McKenney Janice E 2010 Field Artillery PDF Army Lineage Series Second ed Washington D C US Army Center of Military History CMH Pub 60 11 34 39 04 N 98 24 32 W 34 6511 N 98 4089 W 34 6511 98 4089 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title United States Army Field Artillery School amp oldid 1222968236, wikipedia, 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