Ferrouranium

Ferrouranium, also called ferro-uranium, is a ferroalloy, an alloy of iron and uranium, after World War II usually depleted uranium.

Composition and properties

The alloy contains about 35–50% uranium and 1.5–4.0% carbon.^[1] At least two intermetallic compounds of iron and uranium were identified: U₆Fe and UFe₂. Small amounts of uranium can drastically lower the melting point of iron and vice versa. UFe
₂ reportedly melts at 1230 °C, U
₆Fe at 805 °C; a mixture of these two can have melting point as low as 725 °C, a mixture of iron and UFe
₂ can have melting point of 1055 °C.^[2] As ferrouranium readily dissolves in mineral acids, its chemical analysis is not problematic.^[3]

Use

The first uses of ferrouranium date back to 1897, when the French government attempted to use it for guns.^[4] Ferrouranium is used as a deoxidizer (more powerful than ferrovanadium), for denitrogenizing steel, for forming carbides, and as an alloying element. In ferrous alloys, uranium increases the elastic limit and the tensile strength. In high speed steels, it has been used to increase toughness and strength in amounts between 0.05 and 5%.^[5] Uranium-alloyed steels can be used at very low temperatures; nickel-uranium alloys are resistant to even very aggressive chemicals, including aqua regia.^[6]

Economics

The alloys did not prove to be commercially successful in the long run.^[7] However, during World War I and afterwards, uranium-doped steels were used for tools; large amounts of ferrouranium were produced between 1914 and 1916.^[8]

References

1. Chemical Catalog Company (2009). The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. BiblioBazaar. p. 229. ISBN 978-1-110-76011-4.
2. . Patentstorm.us. Archived from the original on 2011-06-12.
3. Fred Ibbotson (2007). The Chemical Analysis of Steel-Works' Materials. READ BOOKS. p. 216. ISBN 978-1-4067-8113-7.
4. Gillett, H. W.; Mack, E. L. (1917). "Ferro-Uranium". Journal of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 9 (4): 342–347. doi:10.1021/ie50088a007.
5. Mel M. Schwartz (2002). Encyclopedia of materials, parts, and finishes. CRC Press. p. 832. ISBN 1-56676-661-3.
6. Ian Ellis. "Uranium and Its Professions". Todayinsci.com.
7. M. G. Chitkara (1996). Toxic Tibet under nuclear China. APH Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 81-7024-718-7.
8. Marshall Cavendish Corporation (2003). How It Works: Science and Technology. Marshall Cavendish. p. 2548. ISBN 0-7614-7314-9.