Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the brains of felines. This disease is known to affect domestic, captive, and wild species of the family Felidae.[1] Like BSE, this disease can take several years to develop. It is currently believed that this condition is a result of felines ingesting bovine meat contaminated with BSE.[2]
Clinical signs of FSE typically develop gradually in housecats, ranging from several weeks to months.[3] Initial signs of the condition include behavioral changes such as aggression, timidity, hiding, hyperesthesia, loss of motor functions, and polydipsia.[3] Other commonly observed motor signs include gait abnormalities and ataxia, which typically affect the hind legs first. Affected cats may also display poor judgement of distance, and some cats may develop a rapid, crouching, hypermetric gait. Some affected cats may exhibit an abnormal head tilt, tremors, a vacant stare, excessive salivation, decreased grooming behaviors, polyphagia, and dilated pupils.[3]Ataxia was observed to last for about 8 weeks in the affected animals.
This is a terminal condition and there is currently no specific treatment for the disease.[4]In most instances, infected felines die spontaneously within a few months to years, or are euthanized due to this condition.[3]
Epidemiologyedit
This disease was first reported in domestic cats within the United Kingdom in 1990, only four years after the first reports of BSE.[1][3][5] This disease is caused by a normal prion protein (PrPC) misfolding after exposure to a pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc).[6] FSE is thought to be related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), as well as other forms of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) including, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) in humans Scrapie in sheep, and Chronic wasting disease in deer.[7] Since 1990, cases have been reported in other countries and other feline species in captivity, although most affected felines originated in the UK.[8] The average age of felines that have been affected by this disease is 11 years of age, with the age range being roughly 2-10 years.[3] However, there is not any information regarding research into horizontal transmission under normal conditions between felines.[3]
Referencesedit
^ abEiden M, Hoffmann C, Balkema-Buschmann A, Müller M, Baumgartner K, Groschup MH (November 2010). "Biochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of feline spongiform encephalopathy in a German captive cheetah". The Journal of General Virology. 91 (Pt 11): 2874–2883. doi:10.1099/vir.0.022103-0. PMID 20660146.
^Hilbe MM, Soldati GG, Zlinszky KK, Wunderlin SS, Ehrensperger FF (March 2009). "Immunohistochemical study of PrP(Sc) distribution in neural and extraneural tissues of two cats with feline spongiform encephalopathy". BMC Veterinary Research. 5 (1): 11. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-5-11. PMC2673214. PMID 19335885.
^ abcdefgWells GA, Ryder SJ, Hadlow WJ (2006-12-21). "The Pathology of Prion Diseases in Animals". In Hörnlimann B, Riesner D, Kretzschmar HA (eds.). Prions in Humans and Animals. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 323–327. doi:10.1515/9783110200171. ISBN978-3-11-018275-0.
^. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA). gov.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-08-17. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
^Kim YC, Kim HH, Kim K, Kim AD, Jeong BH (May 2022). "Novel Polymorphisms and Genetic Characteristics of the Shadow of Prion Protein Gene (SPRN) in Cats, Hosts of Feline Spongiform Encephalopathy". Viruses. 14 (5): 981. doi:10.3390/v14050981. PMC9148082. PMID 35632724.
^Bencsik A, Debeer S, Petit T, Baron T (September 2009). "Possible case of maternal transmission of feline spongiform encephalopathy in a captive cheetah". PLOS ONE. 4 (9): e6929. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6929B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006929. PMC2732902. PMID 19738899.
^Imran M, Mahmood S (November 2011). "An overview of animal prion diseases". Virology Journal. 8 (1): 493. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-8-493. PMC3228711. PMID 22044871.
feline, spongiform, encephalopathy, neurodegenerative, disease, that, affects, brains, felines, this, disease, known, affect, domestic, captive, wild, species, family, felidae, like, this, disease, take, several, years, develop, currently, believed, that, this. Feline spongiform encephalopathy FSE is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the brains of felines This disease is known to affect domestic captive and wild species of the family Felidae 1 Like BSE this disease can take several years to develop It is currently believed that this condition is a result of felines ingesting bovine meat contaminated with BSE 2 Contents 1 Symptoms and signs 2 Diagnosis 3 Treatment 4 Epidemiology 5 ReferencesSymptoms and signs editClinical signs of FSE typically develop gradually in housecats ranging from several weeks to months 3 Initial signs of the condition include behavioral changes such as aggression timidity hiding hyperesthesia loss of motor functions and polydipsia 3 Other commonly observed motor signs include gait abnormalities and ataxia which typically affect the hind legs first Affected cats may also display poor judgement of distance and some cats may develop a rapid crouching hypermetric gait Some affected cats may exhibit an abnormal head tilt tremors a vacant stare excessive salivation decreased grooming behaviors polyphagia and dilated pupils 3 Ataxia was observed to last for about 8 weeks in the affected animals Diagnosis editThis disease can only be confirmed via a post mortem examination which includes identification of bilaterally symmetrical vacuolation of the neuropil and vacuolation in neurones Lesions are likely to be found in basal ganglia cerebral cortex and thalamus of the brain citation needed Treatment editThis is a terminal condition and there is currently no specific treatment for the disease 4 In most instances infected felines die spontaneously within a few months to years or are euthanized due to this condition 3 Epidemiology editThis disease was first reported in domestic cats within the United Kingdom in 1990 only four years after the first reports of BSE 1 3 5 This disease is caused by a normal prion protein PrPC misfolding after exposure to a pathogenic prion protein PrPSc 6 FSE is thought to be related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE as well as other forms of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy TSE including Creutzfeldt Jakob disease CJD in humans Scrapie in sheep and Chronic wasting disease in deer 7 Since 1990 cases have been reported in other countries and other feline species in captivity although most affected felines originated in the UK 8 The average age of felines that have been affected by this disease is 11 years of age with the age range being roughly 2 10 years 3 However there is not any information regarding research into horizontal transmission under normal conditions between felines 3 References edit a b Eiden M Hoffmann C Balkema Buschmann A Muller M Baumgartner K Groschup MH November 2010 Biochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of feline spongiform encephalopathy in a German captive cheetah The Journal of General Virology 91 Pt 11 2874 2883 doi 10 1099 vir 0 022103 0 PMID 20660146 Hilbe MM Soldati GG Zlinszky KK Wunderlin SS Ehrensperger FF March 2009 Immunohistochemical study of PrP Sc distribution in neural and extraneural tissues of two cats with feline spongiform encephalopathy BMC Veterinary Research 5 1 11 doi 10 1186 1746 6148 5 11 PMC 2673214 PMID 19335885 a b c d e f g Wells GA Ryder SJ Hadlow WJ 2006 12 21 The Pathology of Prion Diseases in Animals In Hornlimann B Riesner D Kretzschmar HA eds Prions in Humans and Animals Walter de Gruyter pp 323 327 doi 10 1515 9783110200171 ISBN 978 3 11 018275 0 Feline spongiform encephalopathy FSE Provet Healthcare Information October 2013 Retrieved 2020 02 29 BSE Other TSEs Department for Environment Food amp Rural Affairs DEFRA gov uk Archived from the original on 2012 08 17 Retrieved 2012 09 02 Kim YC Kim HH Kim K Kim AD Jeong BH May 2022 Novel Polymorphisms and Genetic Characteristics of the Shadow of Prion Protein Gene SPRN in Cats Hosts of Feline Spongiform Encephalopathy Viruses 14 5 981 doi 10 3390 v14050981 PMC 9148082 PMID 35632724 Bencsik A Debeer S Petit T Baron T September 2009 Possible case of maternal transmission of feline spongiform encephalopathy in a captive cheetah PLOS ONE 4 9 e6929 Bibcode 2009PLoSO 4 6929B doi 10 1371 journal pone 0006929 PMC 2732902 PMID 19738899 Imran M Mahmood S November 2011 An overview of animal prion diseases Virology Journal 8 1 493 doi 10 1186 1743 422X 8 493 PMC 3228711 PMID 22044871 nbsp This veterinary medicine related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Feline spongiform encephalopathy amp oldid 1220763011, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
