Faisal bin Turki Al Saud (Arabic: فيصل بن تركي بن عبد الله آل سعودFayṣal ibn Turkī Āl Suʿūd; 1785 – December 1865) was the second ruler of the Second Saudi State and seventh head of the House of Saud.
Faisal was the son of Imam Turki bin Abdullah.[1] He was one of the members of the Al Saud family who was taken to Cairo following the capture of Diriyah by Ibrahim Pasha, son of Muhammad Ali, in May 1819.[1] Faisal returned to Riyadh in 1827-1828.[1][2]
In 1830 Faisal was sent on military operations to Al Hasa in the east.[3] But his father was assassinated by Mishari bin Abdul Rahman, a second-cousin of his father in 1834.[4] Faisal hurried back to Riyadh to deal with the revolt.[5] His troops stormed the castle and killed Mishari. Emir of Jabal Shammar, Abdullah bin Rashid, helped Faisal in this attack.[5] Those not directly involved in the murder were spared and the town pledged allegiance.
Reign
Imam Faisal first ruled the Second Saudi State from 1834 to 1838.[4] Then he was forced into exile in Cairo by the Ottomans who sent an expedition to Najd due to his rejection of paying tribute to the Egyptian forces in Hejaz.[6]
Faisal continued to oppose the Ottoman forces, however, and the Egyptian governor of Arabia, Khurshid Pasha, supported a rival candidate - Khalid bin Saud, a second-cousin of Faisal.[7] Khalid was a member of the senior line of the Saud family.[3] Faisal was forced to flee the city and take refuge with the al Khorayef princes of the Bani Tamim tribes. In December 1838, he attempted to come to terms with Khurshid Pasha, but was forced to return to captivity a second time in Cairo.[3] He was accompanied by his younger brother Jiluwi, his sons, Abdullah and Muhammad, and his cousin, Abdullah bin Ibrahim bin Abdullah, a son of his uncle.[3] In 1843, he was released in Cairo and returned to Riyadh following the total withdrawal of the remaining Egyptian troops from Najd in 1841.[8]
Following his return to Riyadh Faisal reclaimed the throne in 1843 and ruled until 1865.[9] He easily defeated his third-cousin Abdullah bin Thunayan, who had revolted against the ineffective Khalid and taken control. Faisal depended on a close alliance with the Al Rashid family of Ha'il.[10]Abdullah bin Rashid played a key role in his success,[10] and the two families were extensively intermarried. In return, Faisal appointed Abdullah as the Amir of Ha'il in 1835.[10] In his second term Faisal also established cordial relations with the Ottomans who appointed him governor of Najd.[11] In turn, Faisal recognised the supremacy of the Ottoman Empire in the region.[12]
Faisal formally requested the support of the British Political Resident in Bushire through his representative in Trucial Oman in 1848.[13] In 1851 he also demanded the assistance of the British Political Resident to collect zakat from Bahraini Muslims.[13] Following unsuccessful attempts to gain authority in Al Qassim Faisal appointed his younger brother Jiluwi governor to the region.[14] However, Jiluwi did not manage to obtain full loyalty of people there who revolted against him 1854.[14] During the 1850s Faisal unsuccessfully attempted to capture Oman and Bahrain.[15] His next target was the Trucial States which he attacked in the 1860s.[15] His both attempts were not fruitful, and the British forces militarily stopped his attacks.[15] In 1865 a colonel in the British army, Lewis Pelly, officially visited Faisal in Riyadh.[13]
Faisal's major income sources included zakat, import duties, pilgrim fees, one-fifth share from raids and warfare, fines, revenues from the ruler’s personal domains, and tributes paid by neighbouring countries such as Bahrain and Muscat.[16] He governed the Emirate with success until his death in December 1865.[17] However, around the end of his rule the de facto ruler of the Emirate was his heir and son, Abdullah,[12] and infighting among his four sons eventually destroyed the state.[17]
Personal life and death
Faisal bin Turki had four sons, Abdullah, Saud, Muhammad and Abdul Rahman.[4][18] Of them Abdullah and Muhammad were full brothers so were Saud and Abdul Rahman.[3] The mother of Abdullah and Muhammad was from the Al Saud whereas the mother of Saud and Abdul Rahman was from the Ajman tribe.[3] One of his daughters married Rashidi Emir, Abdullah bin Rashid.[7] Another, Tarfa, married Nasser Al Saud who was a great great grandson of Farhan bin Saud.[3]
Faisal became very frail and blind during the later years.[1][19] He died following a prolonged illness in Riyadh in December 1865 and was succeeded by his son Abdullah.[17][19][20]
^"'File X/2 Bin Saood, Koweit [Kuwait] & Ibn Rashid' [98r] (197/1058)". Qatar National Library. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
^ abcdefgGary Samuel Samore (1984). Royal Family Politics in Saudi Arabia (1953-1982) (PhD thesis). Harvard University. pp. 22–25. ProQuest 303295482.
^ abcParvaiz Ahmad Khanday (2009). A Critical Analysis of the Religio-Political Conditions of Modern Saudi Arabia(PDF) (PhD thesis). Aligarh Muslim University.
^ abBilal Ahmad Kutty (1993). Political and religious origins of Saudi Arabia(PDF) (MA thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. p. 71.
^ abChristopher Keesee Mellon (May 2015). "Resiliency of the Saudi Monarchy: 1745-1975" (Master's Project). American University of Beirut. Beirut. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
^Donald Hawley (1970). The Trucial States. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc. p. 152. ISBN9780049530058.
^Turki bin Khalid bin Saad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (2015). Saudi Arabia-Iran relations 1929-2013 (PhD thesis). King's College London.
^ abcEhab Omar (14 March 2018). "The Story of the Shammar Tribe, the Indigenous Inhabitants of the Region". Raseef. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
^Frederick Fallowfield Anscombe (1994). The Ottoman Gulf and the creation of Kuwayt, Sa'udi Arabia and Qatar, 1871-1914 (PhD thesis). Princeton University. p. 15. ProQuest 304117067.
^ abSungur Doğançay (2018). "British Role in the Wahhabi Revolt and its Impact on the Policy over Iraq". Turkish Studies. 3 (15): 200. doi:10.7827/TurkishStudies.13498. ISSN 1308-2140.
^ abcAbdullah Mohammad Sindi. "The Direct Instruments of Western Control over the Arabs: The Shining Example of the House of Saud" (PDF). Social sciences and humanities. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
^ abMansour Alsharidah (July 2020). Merchants without Borders: Qusman Traders in the Arabian Gulf and Indian Ocean, c. 1850-1950 (PhD thesis). University of Arkansas. p. 217.
^ abcJohn David Blom (March 2009). Oasis Departed: The Decline of Anglo-Saudi Relations (MA thesis). Ohio University. p. 10.
^Anthony B. Toth (2012). "Control and Allegiance at the Dawn of the Oil Age: Bedouin, Zakat and Struggles for Sovereignty in Arabia, 1916–1955". Middle East Critique. 21 (1): 62. doi:10.1080/19436149.2012.658667. S2CID 144536155.
^ abcBilal Ahmad Kutty (1997). Saudi Arabia under King Faisal(PDF) (PhD thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. pp. 45–46, 49.
^Alois Musil (July 1928). "Religion and Politics in Arabia". Foreign Affairs. 6 (4). doi:10.2307/20028652. JSTOR 20028638.
^ abJacob Goldberg (1986). The Foreign Policy of Saudi Arabia. The Formative Years. Harvard University Press. p. 23. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674281844.c1. ISBN9780674281844.
^M. J. Crawford (August 1982). "Civil War, Foreign Intervention, and the Question of Political Legitimacy: A Nineteenth-Century Saudi Qadi's Dilemma". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 14 (3): 232. doi:10.1017/S0020743800051928. JSTOR 163672. S2CID 159877593.
faisal, turki, saud, 1785, 1865, faisal, turki, saud, arabic, فيصل, بن, تركي, بن, عبد, الله, آل, سعود, fayṣal, turkī, suʿūd, 1785, december, 1865, second, ruler, second, saudi, state, seventh, head, house, saud, faisal, turki, saudemir, nejdreign1843, 1865pred. Faisal bin Turki Al Saud Arabic فيصل بن تركي بن عبد الله آل سعود Fayṣal ibn Turki Al Suʿud 1785 December 1865 was the second ruler of the Second Saudi State and seventh head of the House of Saud Faisal bin Turki Al SaudEmir of NejdReign1843 1865PredecessorAbdullah bin ThunayanSuccessorAbdullah bin FaisalReign1834 1838PredecessorMishari bin Abdul RahmanSuccessorKhalid bin SaudBorn1785DiedDecember 1865 aged 79 80 Riyadh Emirate of NejdIssueList Abdullah Saud Muhammad Abdul RahmanNamesFaisal bin Turki bin Abdullah bin MuhammadHouseAl SaudFatherTurki bin Abdullah Al Saud Contents 1 Early life 2 Reign 3 Personal life and death 4 References 5 For further readingEarly life EditFaisal was the son of Imam Turki bin Abdullah 1 He was one of the members of the Al Saud family who was taken to Cairo following the capture of Diriyah by Ibrahim Pasha son of Muhammad Ali in May 1819 1 Faisal returned to Riyadh in 1827 1828 1 2 In 1830 Faisal was sent on military operations to Al Hasa in the east 3 But his father was assassinated by Mishari bin Abdul Rahman a second cousin of his father in 1834 4 Faisal hurried back to Riyadh to deal with the revolt 5 His troops stormed the castle and killed Mishari Emir of Jabal Shammar Abdullah bin Rashid helped Faisal in this attack 5 Those not directly involved in the murder were spared and the town pledged allegiance Reign EditImam Faisal first ruled the Second Saudi State from 1834 to 1838 4 Then he was forced into exile in Cairo by the Ottomans who sent an expedition to Najd due to his rejection of paying tribute to the Egyptian forces in Hejaz 6 Faisal continued to oppose the Ottoman forces however and the Egyptian governor of Arabia Khurshid Pasha supported a rival candidate Khalid bin Saud a second cousin of Faisal 7 Khalid was a member of the senior line of the Saud family 3 Faisal was forced to flee the city and take refuge with the al Khorayef princes of the Bani Tamim tribes In December 1838 he attempted to come to terms with Khurshid Pasha but was forced to return to captivity a second time in Cairo 3 He was accompanied by his younger brother Jiluwi his sons Abdullah and Muhammad and his cousin Abdullah bin Ibrahim bin Abdullah a son of his uncle 3 In 1843 he was released in Cairo and returned to Riyadh following the total withdrawal of the remaining Egyptian troops from Najd in 1841 8 Following his return to Riyadh Faisal reclaimed the throne in 1843 and ruled until 1865 9 He easily defeated his third cousin Abdullah bin Thunayan who had revolted against the ineffective Khalid and taken control Faisal depended on a close alliance with the Al Rashid family of Ha il 10 Abdullah bin Rashid played a key role in his success 10 and the two families were extensively intermarried In return Faisal appointed Abdullah as the Amir of Ha il in 1835 10 In his second term Faisal also established cordial relations with the Ottomans who appointed him governor of Najd 11 In turn Faisal recognised the supremacy of the Ottoman Empire in the region 12 Faisal formally requested the support of the British Political Resident in Bushire through his representative in Trucial Oman in 1848 13 In 1851 he also demanded the assistance of the British Political Resident to collect zakat from Bahraini Muslims 13 Following unsuccessful attempts to gain authority in Al Qassim Faisal appointed his younger brother Jiluwi governor to the region 14 However Jiluwi did not manage to obtain full loyalty of people there who revolted against him 1854 14 During the 1850s Faisal unsuccessfully attempted to capture Oman and Bahrain 15 His next target was the Trucial States which he attacked in the 1860s 15 His both attempts were not fruitful and the British forces militarily stopped his attacks 15 In 1865 a colonel in the British army Lewis Pelly officially visited Faisal in Riyadh 13 Faisal s major income sources included zakat import duties pilgrim fees one fifth share from raids and warfare fines revenues from the ruler s personal domains and tributes paid by neighbouring countries such as Bahrain and Muscat 16 He governed the Emirate with success until his death in December 1865 17 However around the end of his rule the de facto ruler of the Emirate was his heir and son Abdullah 12 and infighting among his four sons eventually destroyed the state 17 Personal life and death EditFaisal bin Turki had four sons Abdullah Saud Muhammad and Abdul Rahman 4 18 Of them Abdullah and Muhammad were full brothers so were Saud and Abdul Rahman 3 The mother of Abdullah and Muhammad was from the Al Saud whereas the mother of Saud and Abdul Rahman was from the Ajman tribe 3 One of his daughters married Rashidi Emir Abdullah bin Rashid 7 Another Tarfa married Nasser Al Saud who was a great great grandson of Farhan bin Saud 3 Faisal became very frail and blind during the later years 1 19 He died following a prolonged illness in Riyadh in December 1865 and was succeeded by his son Abdullah 17 19 20 References Edit a b c d R Bayly Winder 1965 Saudi Arabia in the Nineteenth Century London Palgrave Macmillan pp 67 204 doi 10 1007 978 1 349 81723 8 ISBN 9780333055410 File X 2 Bin Saood Koweit Kuwait amp Ibn Rashid 98r 197 1058 Qatar National Library Retrieved 2 December 2018 a b c d e f g Gary Samuel Samore 1984 Royal Family Politics in Saudi Arabia 1953 1982 PhD thesis Harvard University pp 22 25 ProQuest 303295482 a b c Parvaiz Ahmad Khanday 2009 A Critical Analysis of the Religio Political Conditions of Modern Saudi Arabia PDF PhD thesis Aligarh Muslim University a b Bilal Ahmad Kutty 1993 Political and religious origins of Saudi Arabia PDF MA thesis Aligarh Muslim University p 71 Madawi Al Rasheed 2002 A History of Saudi Arabia PDF Cambridge Cambridge University Press p 24 ISBN 9781139778886 a b Christopher Keesee Mellon May 2015 Resiliency of the Saudi Monarchy 1745 1975 Master s Project American University of Beirut Beirut Retrieved 23 January 2021 Donald Hawley 1970 The Trucial States New York Twayne Publishers Inc p 152 ISBN 9780049530058 Turki bin Khalid bin Saad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud 2015 Saudi Arabia Iran relations 1929 2013 PhD thesis King s College London a b c Ehab Omar 14 March 2018 The Story of the Shammar Tribe the Indigenous Inhabitants of the Region Raseef Retrieved 14 August 2020 Frederick Fallowfield Anscombe 1994 The Ottoman Gulf and the creation of Kuwayt Sa udi Arabia and Qatar 1871 1914 PhD thesis Princeton University p 15 ProQuest 304117067 a b Sungur Dogancay 2018 British Role in the Wahhabi Revolt and its Impact on the Policy over Iraq Turkish Studies 3 15 200 doi 10 7827 TurkishStudies 13498 ISSN 1308 2140 a b c Abdullah Mohammad Sindi The Direct Instruments of Western Control over the Arabs The Shining Example of the House of Saud PDF Social sciences and humanities Retrieved 25 January 2021 a b Mansour Alsharidah July 2020 Merchants without Borders Qusman Traders in the Arabian Gulf and Indian Ocean c 1850 1950 PhD thesis University of Arkansas p 217 a b c John David Blom March 2009 Oasis Departed The Decline of Anglo Saudi Relations MA thesis Ohio University p 10 Anthony B Toth 2012 Control and Allegiance at the Dawn of the Oil Age Bedouin Zakat and Struggles for Sovereignty in Arabia 1916 1955 Middle East Critique 21 1 62 doi 10 1080 19436149 2012 658667 S2CID 144536155 a b c Bilal Ahmad Kutty 1997 Saudi Arabia under King Faisal PDF PhD thesis Aligarh Muslim University pp 45 46 49 Alois Musil July 1928 Religion and Politics in Arabia Foreign Affairs 6 4 doi 10 2307 20028652 JSTOR 20028638 a b Jacob Goldberg 1986 The Foreign Policy of Saudi Arabia The Formative Years Harvard University Press p 23 doi 10 4159 harvard 9780674281844 c1 ISBN 9780674281844 M J Crawford August 1982 Civil War Foreign Intervention and the Question of Political Legitimacy A Nineteenth Century Saudi Qadi s Dilemma International Journal of Middle East Studies 14 3 232 doi 10 1017 S0020743800051928 JSTOR 163672 S2CID 159877593 For further reading EditSecond State of Saudi ArabiaRegnal titlesPreceded byMishari bin Abdul Rahman bin Mishari Emir of Nejd1834 1838 Succeeded byKhalid bin Saud bin Abdulaziz Al SaudPreceded byAbdullah bin Thunayyan bin Ibrahim Al Saud Emir of Nejd1843 1865 Succeeded byAbdallah bin Faisal bin TurkiPreceded byTurki bin Abdallah Head of the House of Saud1834 1865 Succeeded byAbdul Rahman bin Faisal Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Faisal bin Turki Al Saud 1785 1865 amp oldid 1131282400, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
