Evacuation Day (Massachusetts)
Evacuation Day is a holiday observed on March 17 in Suffolk County, Massachusetts (which includes the cities of Boston, Chelsea, and Revere, and the town of Winthrop)[1] and also by the public schools in Somerville, Massachusetts.[2] The holiday commemorates the evacuation of British forces from the city of Boston following the siege of Boston, early in the American Revolutionary War. Schools and government offices are closed. If March 17 falls on a weekend, schools and government offices are closed on the following Monday in observance. It is the same day as Saint Patrick's Day, a coincidence that played a role in the establishment of the holiday.[3]
| Evacuation Day | |
|---|---|
Illustration depicting the evacuation of Boston | |
| Observed by | Suffolk County, Massachusetts and some state offices located there Somerville, Massachusetts public schools |
| Celebrations | Commemoration ceremony at Dorchester Heights Saint Patrick's Day festivities |
| Date | March 17 |
| Next time | 17 March 2024 |
| Frequency | annual |
| Related to | Saint Patrick's Day |
Historical background edit
The 11-month siege of Boston ended when the Continental Army under the command of George Washington fortified Dorchester Heights in early March 1776 with cannons captured at Ticonderoga. British General William Howe's garrison and navy were threatened by these positions, and they were forced to decide between attack and retreat. Howe decided to retreat in order to prevent what could have been a repeat of the Battle of Bunker Hill, withdrawing from Boston to Nova Scotia on March 17, 1776.
The British evacuation was Washington's first victory of the war. It was also a huge morale boost for the Thirteen Colonies.
Establishment of the holiday edit
Saint Patrick's Day parades have been held in Boston since 1876, but Evacuation Day was not declared a holiday in the city until 1901[4] amid interest in local history that also resulted in the construction of the Dorchester Heights Monument. The state made it a holiday in Suffolk County in 1938.[4] The large Irish population of Boston at that time played a role in the establishment of the holiday.[5] A 1941 law established the holiday in Suffolk County, signed in both black and green ink.[3]
Observance activities edit
Evacuation Day activities are limited in the areas that observe the holiday. The Allied War Veterans of South Boston mark the day with a ceremony on Dorchester Heights.[6] The city of Boston offers free parking for the day.
Moves to eliminate holiday edit
In 2010, the state legislature debated eliminating Evacuation Day and Bunker Hill Day as official holidays, citing the expense of giving state and local workers paid days off.[7] The state's 2011 budget required all state and municipal offices in Suffolk County to be open on both days.[8]
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ List of Massachusetts holidays
- ^ Somerville School Calendar
- ^ a b "With A Signature In Green, St. Patrick's Day Became A Holiday". March 12, 2010. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
- ^ a b Vrabel, p. 241
- ^ O'Connor, p. 124
- ^ Ryan, Andrew (March 17, 2009). "Happy Evacuation Day!". Boston Globe. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
- ^ "Beacon Hill Roll Call". Gatehouse Media. March 11, 2010. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
- ^ "Commonwealth of Massachusetts FY2011 Budget, Outside Section 5". July 14, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2010.
References edit
- O'Connor, Thomas H. (1994). South Boston, My Home Town: The History of an Ethnic Neighborhood. UPNE. ISBN 978-1-55553-188-1.
- Vrabel, Jim (2004). When in Boston: a time line & almanac. UPNE. ISBN 978-1-55553-621-3.
- (PDF). Cambridge Public Schools. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 18, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
- "Massachusetts List of Legal Holidays". Massachusetts Secretary of State. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
- "Somerville School Calendar 2009" (PDF). Somerville Public Schools. Retrieved March 17, 2009.[permanent dead link]