The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), through the IEEE 802.3az task force, developed the standard. The first study group had its call for interest in November 2006, and the official standards task force was authorized in May 2007.[3] The IEEE ratified the final standard in September 2010.[4] Some companies introduced technology to reduce the power required for Ethernet before the standard was ratified, using the name Green Ethernet.
Some energy-efficient switch integrated circuits were developed before the IEEE 802.3az Energy-Efficient Ethernet standard was finalized.[5][6]
In 2005, all the network interface controllers in the United States (in computers, switches, and routers) used an estimated 5.3 terawatt-hours of electricity.[7] According to a researcher at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Energy-Efficient Ethernet can potentially save an estimated US$450 million a year in energy costs in the U.S. Most of the savings would come from homes ($200 million) and offices ($170 million), and the remaining $80 million from data centers.[8]
Concepts
The power reduction is accomplished in a few ways. In Fast Ethernet and faster links, constant and significant energy is used by the physical layer as transmitters are active regardless of whether data is being sent. If they could be put into sleep mode when no data is being sent, that energy could be saved.[8] When the controlling software or firmware decides that no data needs to be sent, it can issue a low-power idle (LPI) request to the Ethernet controller physical layer PHY. The PHY will then send LPI symbols for a specified time onto the link, and then disable its transmitter. Refresh signals are sent periodically to maintain link signaling integrity. When there is data to transmit, a normal IDLE signal is sent for a predetermined period of time. The data link is considered to be always operational, as the receive signal circuit remains active even when the transmit path is in sleep mode.[9]
Green Ethernet
Green Ethernet technology was a superset of the 802.3az standard. In addition to the link load power savings of Energy-Efficient Ethernet, Green Ethernet works in one of two ways. First, it detects link status, allowing each port on the switch to power down into a standby mode when a connected device, such as a computer, is not active. Second, it detects cable length and adjusts the power used for transmission accordingly. Standard switches provide enough power to send a signal up to 100 meters (330 ft).[10] However, this is often unnecessary in the SOHO environment, where 5 to 10 meters (16 to 33 ft) of cabling are typical between rooms. Moreover, small data centers can also benefit from this approach since the majority of cabling is confined to a single room with a few meters of cabling among servers and switches. In addition to the pure power saving benefits of Green Ethernet, backing off the transmit power on shorter cable runs reduces alien crosstalk, and improves the overall performance of the cabling system.
Green Ethernet also encompasses the use of more efficient circuitry in Ethernet chips, and the use of offload engines on Ethernet interface cards intended for network servers.[6] In April 2008, the term was used for switches, and, in July 2008, used with wireless routers which featured user-selectable off periods for Wi-Fi to further reduce energy consumption.[11]
Green Ethernet was first employed on home products. However, low port counts mean that significant energy savings are not going to be made using this technology only in the home. Turning off existing devices when they are idle is likely to provide a more immediate saving.[12] Projected power savings of up to 80 percent were estimated using Green Ethernet switches,[13] translating into a longer product life due to reduced heat dissipation.[14]
^Sean Michael Kerner (July 17, 2009). . Internetnews blog. Archived from the original on July 18, 2009. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
^"IEEE 802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet Study Group". September 21, 2007. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
^. Lightwaveonline.com. October 5, 2010. Archived from the original on October 9, 2011. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
^"Top OEMs 'Go Green' With Broadcom's 65nm SMB Switch Family" (Press release). Broadcom Corporation. June 3, 2009. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
^ abNicholas Ilyadis (April 1, 2010). (PDF). Broadcom. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 13, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
^Prachi Patel-Predd (May 2008). "Energy-Efficient Ethernet". IEEE SpectrumEnergy-Efficient Ethernet: Ethernet connections waste lots of watts. It need not be so. Spectrum.ieee.org. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
^ abMerritt, Rick (May 8, 2008). "Energy-efficient Ethernet standard gains traction". EE Times. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
^Spurgeon, Charles (2014). Ethernet: The Definitive Guide. O'Reilly. pp. 119–120. ISBN978-1449361846.
^"Ethernet 100BaseTX and 10BaseT Cables: Guidelines and specifications". Cisco 10000 Series Routers. Cisco Systems. August 1, 2006. Specifications and Connection Limits for 100-Mbps Transmission. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
^"D-Link First Company to Offer Green Wi-Fi Home Networking". DLinkGreen.com. D-Link. July 28, 2008. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
^Tom Higins (April 23, 2008). "How Much Can D-Link's "Green Ethernet" Switch Save You?". Small Net Builder blog. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
^"D-Link First Company to Offer 'Green Ethernet™' Technology for Network Connectivity, Embrace Energy-Saving Initiatives". D-Link. October 24, 2007. Retrieved July 5, 2011. For example, when connected and subsequently powered down, the DGS-2208 multi-port desktop switch can realize up to 80 percent savings in power usage*, and the other D-Link 'Green Ethernet' switches can save up to 45 percent in power usage.
^Kenney, Brad (April 11, 2008). . IndustryWeek. Archived from the original on 2013-06-02. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
External links
IEEE P802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet Task Force
. Archived from the original on June 18, 2009. Retrieved July 5, 2011. Blog for Energy-Efficient Ethernet techniques and news analyses, circa 2009.
January 12, 2023
energy, efficient, ethernet, computer, networking, enhancements, twisted, pair, twinaxial, backplane, optical, fiber, ethernet, physical, layer, variants, that, reduce, power, consumption, during, periods, data, activity, intention, reduce, power, consumption,. In computer networking Energy Efficient Ethernet EEE is a set of enhancements to twisted pair twinaxial backplane and optical fiber Ethernet physical layer variants that reduce power consumption during periods of low data activity 1 The intention is to reduce power consumption by 50 or more while retaining full compatibility with existing equipment 2 Logo of the study group and standard task force The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE through the IEEE 802 3az task force developed the standard The first study group had its call for interest in November 2006 and the official standards task force was authorized in May 2007 3 The IEEE ratified the final standard in September 2010 4 Some companies introduced technology to reduce the power required for Ethernet before the standard was ratified using the name Green Ethernet Some energy efficient switch integrated circuits were developed before the IEEE 802 3az Energy Efficient Ethernet standard was finalized 5 6 Contents 1 Potential savings 2 Concepts 3 Green Ethernet 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksPotential savings EditSee also IT energy management In 2005 all the network interface controllers in the United States in computers switches and routers used an estimated 5 3 terawatt hours of electricity 7 According to a researcher at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Energy Efficient Ethernet can potentially save an estimated US 450 million a year in energy costs in the U S Most of the savings would come from homes 200 million and offices 170 million and the remaining 80 million from data centers 8 Concepts EditThe power reduction is accomplished in a few ways In Fast Ethernet and faster links constant and significant energy is used by the physical layer as transmitters are active regardless of whether data is being sent If they could be put into sleep mode when no data is being sent that energy could be saved 8 When the controlling software or firmware decides that no data needs to be sent it can issue a low power idle LPI request to the Ethernet controller physical layer PHY The PHY will then send LPI symbols for a specified time onto the link and then disable its transmitter Refresh signals are sent periodically to maintain link signaling integrity When there is data to transmit a normal IDLE signal is sent for a predetermined period of time The data link is considered to be always operational as the receive signal circuit remains active even when the transmit path is in sleep mode 9 Green Ethernet EditGreen Ethernet technology was a superset of the 802 3az standard In addition to the link load power savings of Energy Efficient Ethernet Green Ethernet works in one of two ways First it detects link status allowing each port on the switch to power down into a standby mode when a connected device such as a computer is not active Second it detects cable length and adjusts the power used for transmission accordingly Standard switches provide enough power to send a signal up to 100 meters 330 ft 10 However this is often unnecessary in the SOHO environment where 5 to 10 meters 16 to 33 ft of cabling are typical between rooms Moreover small data centers can also benefit from this approach since the majority of cabling is confined to a single room with a few meters of cabling among servers and switches In addition to the pure power saving benefits of Green Ethernet backing off the transmit power on shorter cable runs reduces alien crosstalk and improves the overall performance of the cabling system Green Ethernet also encompasses the use of more efficient circuitry in Ethernet chips and the use of offload engines on Ethernet interface cards intended for network servers 6 In April 2008 the term was used for switches and in July 2008 used with wireless routers which featured user selectable off periods for Wi Fi to further reduce energy consumption 11 Green Ethernet was first employed on home products However low port counts mean that significant energy savings are not going to be made using this technology only in the home Turning off existing devices when they are idle is likely to provide a more immediate saving 12 Projected power savings of up to 80 percent were estimated using Green Ethernet switches 13 translating into a longer product life due to reduced heat dissipation 14 See also EditGreen computing One Watt Initiative Power over Ethernet PoE Autonomous peripheral operationReferences Edit IEEE 802 3 Clause 78 Sean Michael Kerner July 17 2009 Energy Efficient Ethernet hits standards milestone InternetNews The Blog Sean Michael Kerner Internetnews blog Archived from the original on July 18 2009 Retrieved July 5 2011 IEEE 802 3 Energy Efficient Ethernet Study Group September 21 2007 Retrieved July 5 2011 IEEE ratifies new 8023az standard to reduce network energy footprint Lightwaveonline com October 5 2010 Archived from the original on October 9 2011 Retrieved July 5 2011 Top OEMs Go Green With Broadcom s 65nm SMB Switch Family Press release Broadcom Corporation June 3 2009 Retrieved July 5 2011 a b Nicholas Ilyadis April 1 2010 Broadcom Energy Efficiency Initiatives PDF Broadcom Archived from the original PDF on June 13 2010 Retrieved July 5 2011 Prachi Patel Predd May 2008 Energy Efficient Ethernet IEEE SpectrumEnergy Efficient Ethernet Ethernet connections waste lots of watts It need not be so Spectrum ieee org Retrieved July 5 2011 a b Merritt Rick May 8 2008 Energy efficient Ethernet standard gains traction EE Times Retrieved July 5 2011 Spurgeon Charles 2014 Ethernet The Definitive Guide O Reilly pp 119 120 ISBN 978 1449361846 Ethernet 100BaseTX and 10BaseT Cables Guidelines and specifications Cisco 10000 Series Routers Cisco Systems August 1 2006 Specifications and Connection Limits for 100 Mbps Transmission Retrieved August 29 2010 D Link First Company to Offer Green Wi Fi Home Networking DLinkGreen com D Link July 28 2008 Retrieved July 5 2011 Tom Higins April 23 2008 How Much Can D Link s Green Ethernet Switch Save You Small Net Builder blog Retrieved July 5 2011 D Link First Company to Offer Green Ethernet Technology for Network Connectivity Embrace Energy Saving Initiatives D Link October 24 2007 Retrieved July 5 2011 For example when connected and subsequently powered down the DGS 2208 multi port desktop switch can realize up to 80 percent savings in power usage and the other D Link Green Ethernet switches can save up to 45 percent in power usage Kenney Brad April 11 2008 Green Ethernet IndustryWeek Archived from the original on 2013 06 02 Retrieved July 5 2011 External links EditIEEE P802 3az Energy Efficient Ethernet Task Force Green Ethernet Archived from the original on June 18 2009 Retrieved July 5 2011 Blog for Energy Efficient Ethernet techniques and news analyses circa 2009 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Energy Efficient Ethernet amp oldid 1122058884, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
