Elsie Cameron Corbett
Elsie Cameron Corbett (1893 –1977) was a volunteer ambulance driver and major donor to the World War One Scottish Women's Hospital for Foreign Service in Serbia, She was a prisoner of war in 1916 and won medals from the Serbian and British governments.[1] She was also a JP, a leading suffragist, temperance supporter, folklorist and diarist.[2]
Honourable Elsie Cameron Corbett | |
|---|---|
| Born | 4 February 1893 Chelsea, London, UK |
| Died | 1977 Spelsbury, UK |
| Resting place | All Saint's Churchyard, Spelsbury, Oxfordshire |
| Occupation | volunteer ambulance driver with Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service in World War I |
| Parent | |
| Awards | British War Medal and Victory Medal Serbian Gold Medal for Devoted Service Scottish Woman's Hospital 1914 medal Scout Medal |
Family and early life edit
The Honourable Elsie Cameron Corbett was born in Chelsea, London on 4 February 1893.[3] She was the only daughter of Archibald Corbett, 1st Baron Rowallan, Scots philanthropist and politician, builder and landowner,[4] and her mother, Alice Polson, was the daughter of the founder of ‘Brown and Polson’ cornflour, also came for a liberal and philanthropic family.[5] Her parents were married in September 1887 at Skermorlie near Gourock, a year later they moved to Chelsea where in 1893, their first child Elsie was born.[6]
At eight months old, Elsie Corbett had appeared at a political rally with her parents, which made the news.[7] Elsie Corbett was at home in 26 Hans Place, Chelsea for the 1901 census.[3] Her mother, Alice died of septicaemia in 1902 when her daughter was nine years old,[6] and she was educated at home by a governess[6] and later went to be educated privately in Brussels.[1] Elsie Corbett was to inherit part of her maternal grandmother's (Mary Polson) estate in 1911,[8] after a gift of £10,000 had already been made to the Glasgow Samaritan Hospital for building the 'Alice Mary Corbett Nursing Home' in 1902.[5]
She had two younger brothers: Thomas Godfrey Polson Corbett (19 December 1895 – 30 November 1977), who would inherit the Rowallan title, although Elsie was the eldest,[4] and Arthur Cameron Corbett (8 March 1898 – 4 November 1916), who was killed in action at the age of eighteen, in World War I.[9]
She lived with her father, at the estate in Rowallan, Ayrshire, undertaking conventional 'socialite’ activities[2] such as
- attending formal balls,[10]
- opening local galas,[11]
- entering a horse for country show competition.[12]
Her father's ‘many good works’ set an example for Corbett, and she became honorary vice-president of the women and girls section of the Scottish Christian Union, which was independent but affiliated[5] to the British Women's Temperance Association.[13] She funded an additional hostel at Glasgow Green for working girls to be able to stay overnight for a low fee.[14]
Suffragism and war service edit
Enjoying behaving unconventionally,[2] both Corbett and her father publicly supported the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS). Although she became one of the youngest members of the Scottish Federation of Women's Suffrage Societies Kilmarnock Branch, Corbett became honorary president (1911-1914).[5] At one event, she and her father gave more funds to a Working Girls Club, as they watched a ‘suffragette’ play, which had already been performed in various settings,[15] written by Henry, husband of suffrage activist Maud Arncliffe Sennett.[16]
The NUWSS were behind the setting up and raising funds for Dr. Elsie Inglis’ Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service. Corbett became one of their strongest fundraisers and a long term donor to healthcare in Serbia, from 1914-15 until long after the war in 1935 and beyond.[17][18][19]
In 1914, she became honorary vice-president of a group fundraising for the ‘Scottish Lassie’ motorised ambulances for the hospitals nearest the front.[20] She chaired a fundraising concert, with speaker suffragette Teresa Billington-Greig, and a local choir and musicians.[21] Corbett was also a platform guest when over £3000 was then donated (just a week later) to the chairman of the British Red Cross, Sir George Beatson, who explained how important these motor vehicles were going to be to move injured troops more rapidly to get urgent treatment.[22]
Corbett then took another unconventional step, and went to train in nursing at Kilmarnock Infirmary and Stobhill Hospital,[23] (at that time redesignated 'Scottish Military Hospital No 3') so that she could volunteer to go the Scottish Women's Hospitals herself, where she served during 1915 to 1919.[1]
On the sea route to the war zone, she met Kathleen Nora Dillon (1877 – 1958) from Aghada, Cork who was put in charge of the transport unit[24] and was to become her lifelong friend and companion or ‘partner’.[2] From Spring 1915, Corbett and Dillon were both with the Red Cross Scottish Ambulance Column.[6]
War experiences in the news edit
Corbett's arrival in Serbia was front page ‘war hero’ news in the Christmas Day edition of The Daily Record of 1915,[25] although from 10 November 1915 to 29 February 1916, Corbett was a prisoner of the Austro-Hungarian forces.[2] This was noted by the British press a few days after the earlier item.[26] Herne Bay Press included some of Corbett's letter to her father reassuring him of her safety and saying ‘being taken prisoner is not nearly so exciting as it sounds’.[27]
After four and a half months, her safe return was also headline news. She sailed via a French port on SS Normannia[6] with other women from the British Red Cross unit. A news image had been taken in Switzerland, when they were ready to return following the ‘great retreat’ from Serbia, published under the headline ‘Lord Rowallan's Daughter Home from Serbia’ and commented that the women were ‘none the worse for their adventure’.[28]
In summer 1916, Corbett was back home and working in the Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow[23] as well as chairing meetings at the Kilmarnock branch of NUWSS and fundraising, such as when Mrs Gardner Robertson, of Edinburgh's Morningside[29] spoke of her visit to the Royaumont Scottish Women's Hospital.[30]
Serbian ambulance transport service edit
By August 1916 (and up to March 1919), Corbett was again in the war zone, after going to London to learn to drive and repair vehicles,[23] and became a volunteer driver of the ambulances she had been funding (VAD with the British Red Cross).[31] She was placed with the American unit at Ostrovo, to the north of Salonika, retrieving wounded soldiers from the front, occasionally under direct fire, on difficult roads with abandoned vehicles and bodies by the wayside, contending with fuel shortages, to get injured men to urgent treatment.[23] Medical reports to the military included statements like: 'The roads are beyond belief and the driving of our girl chauffeurs simply miraculous in its courage and skill’.[32]
Elsie Corbett kept her own notes of her war experience of driving 9,153 miles, transporting 1,122 patients. By August 1917, she was in the Kaimakchalan mountains, Macedonia with ice, snow and damaged roads, again with abandoned vehicles and fatalities to contend with, as the Serbs returned to their homeland. Her role was considered a ‘significant contribution’ by the Serbian authorities.[33]
Corbett was awarded the Serbian Gold Medal for Devoted Service.[1]
She edited and eventually published her war diary (180pp, re-published in a presentation version in 1964); a copy is now in the National Library of Scotland,[34] after an auction (sold for £120) in 2020,[35] and the book includes some of Corbett's personal photography.[36]
Ongoing financial support for Serbian healthcare edit
Corbett was still donating large sums to the work of the Serbian hospitals, for example £188.10s in 1917 for the American unit's motor ambulance[17] and a further £179.0s.6p and £3.16s for a car for Ms Harley's unit.[37] NUWSS estimated it to cost £350 a year for an ambulance.[32] Corbett's largest donation of £1000 was for the Belgrade children's hospital, established by Dr Katherine MacPhail, a sum that was matched by the Peter Coats Trust, initiating an appeal to the West of Scotland to support ‘a very gallant country woman in a most noble enterprise in a foreign land’.[18] Corbett continued to endow a bed (annually - estimated to cost £50),[32] as reported in the local press in 1935.[19]
Post-war travel and experience edit
Corbett returned to her previous ‘country lady’ activities in 1921, being pictured with ‘Miss Jean Arthur at the meet of Lord Eglinton's foxhounds at Caprington Castle, near Kilmarnock’.[38] In 1923, she was invited to a Royal reception at Holyrood Palace with her father Lord Rowallan.[39]
Women's institute leadership edit
In 1922, Corbett was elected to the executive committee of the Women's Institute in Oxfordshire,[40][41] and convened a new branch in Spelsbury,[42] where she now lived with Kathleen Dillon,[35] and in May 1924, she was at the National Federation of Women's Institutes, and reporting back to Mixbury W.I. along with Kathleen Dillon who examined the books of the Mixbury branch and declared it was 'working on the right lines'.[43] She supported Dillon presenting lantern slides of their experience in Serbia at another new WI branch in Wootton.[44] As Oxfordshire W.I. honorary treasurer in 1926, Corbett was mentioned in the newspaper report of the Pageant and displays in Worcester College Grounds, which had been modelled on the 'St. Frideswide's Fair of Long Ago'.[45]
She travelled in the summer of 1928 with Dillon (again keeping a diary) across France, Austria and Czechoslovakia.[46] In Spring 1929, at Dillon's home, Spelsbury House, Oxford, she gathered local folk tales and ghost stories for the Women's Institute, which were published in a short article in the journal Folklore.[47] That summer she and Dillon travelled to Syria and Iraq, as reported in Corbett's diary.[46] She wrote and published a history of the parish of Spelsbury in 1931.
Corbett year later gave a talk on Albania, to the Women's Institute in Turville in April 1939.[48] And in 1941, she presented films about 'The Royal Tour of Canada and the USA', 'Poland' and "Oxford to the W.I. in Langford,[49] and on the 'charming scenery' of 'The Balkans' in Shenington.[50]
Village life and travels edit
As a teetotaller, Corbett welcomed that her adopted village chose not to have a pub. She set up an animal welfare centre for rescued pit ponies and seaside donkeys.[51] In 1931, Misses Dillon and Corbett's Welsh bull won a prize at the Royal Show in Warwick.[52]
Her father died suddenly in 1933 at age 77 and her brother Thomas inherited the title Lord Rowallan.[53]
She was recruiting an 'experienced' parlourmaid in October 1933 ('2 maids, 2 in family')[54] and the following year she and Dillon travelled across Switzerland, Italy, Croatia, Greece, Hungary and Austria during the months of March to May,[34] back home that September selling 15 gallons of Grade A tuberculin tested milk.[55] On 20 February 1935, the Folk-Lore Society elected Corbett as a member at its 57th annual meeting, she was nominated by Violet Mason.[56] That summer, Corbett and Dillon were travelling again, this time to Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Austria and Czechoslovakia, as noted in her second travel diary.[57]
On 9 February 1938, she was awarded the Scout Medal,[1] seven years before her brother became the Chief Scout.[58] She became a JP in Oxfordshire, and in a 1938 case including youths stealing . They were put on probation by the board of magistrates including Corbett but given a 'stern warning'.[59] In 1939, Corbett was re-appointed as honorary vice-president to her brother Lord Rowallan as president of the Scottish Band of Hope Union for temperance.[60]
In 1946, Corbett was on the platform of the Oxfordshire Federation of the Women's Institutes Half-Yearly Council meeting.[61] And the following year briefed the Bloxham W.I. on the upcoming Albert Hall conference.[62]
Her friend Kathleen Dillon died in 1958 and is buried in All Saints Churchyard, Spelsbury. Corbett dedicated an updated version of her local history book to her friend's ‘dear and gallant memory’ ( edited by Lois Hey), in 1962.[51]
Awards edit
Source:[1]
- British War and Victory Medal
- Serbian Gold Medal for Devoted Service;
- Scottish Woman's Hospital;
- Scout Medal (engraved Hon.E.Corbett. 9-2-38).
- Scottish Women's Hospitals 1914 Medal
Death and memorial edit
Corbett died and was also buried near where her friend was laid, in All Saints Churchyard, Spelsbury in 1977.
In 2015 and 2016, Corbett was mentioned as among those being honoured as a ‘benefactor and friend’ in a memorial service at St Sava Orthodox Church, London with the support of the Serbian Council of Great Britain, Serbian Society, Serbian City Club, Kolo Srpskih Sestara Kosovka Devojka and Britic and the Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in Great Britain.[63]
Additional information edit
The organisation "Musical Theatre Australia" included Corbett as one of the characters in its production "A Girl's Guide to World War"[64]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f "Bonhams : Group to Honourable E.Cameron-Corbett, Voluntar Aid Detachment". www.bonhams.com. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Richardson, Rachel (10 March 2015). "Appreciation of WWI Heroines on International Women's Day: "My dear lady, go home and sit still!"". It makes a better story. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ a b "Elsie Cameron Corbett - born in 1893 in London Chelsea - 1901 England & Wales Census". www.rootspoint.com. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ a b Rowallan, Lord K. T. (1 January 1976). Rowallan: The Autobiography of Lord Rowallan, K. T. Dundurn. ISBN 978-0-919670-12-9.
- ^ a b c d Smitley, Megan K. (2002). 'Woman's mission': the temperance and women's suffrage movements in Scotland, c.1870-1914 (PhD). Glasgow: University of Glasgow. pp. 90–92.
- ^ a b c d e "A Profile of Archibald Cameron Corbett - Family Man". The Archibald Corbett Society. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ "Notes - Mainly Personal". The Evening Telegraph. 20 October 1893.
- ^ Walford, Edward (1 January 1860). The county families of the United Kingdom; or, Royal manual of the titled and untitled aristocracy of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Dalcassian Publishing Company.
- ^ Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage. Vol. 3 (107 ed.). Wilmington, Delaware, USA: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. p. 3419.
- ^ "Highland Chiefs Assemble – at Scotland's most brilliant social event". The Courier. 19 September 1913. p. 3.
- ^ "Girl Guides Cake and Candy Stall". The Kilmarnock Herald. 7 April 1916. p. 3.
- ^ "Cattle Shows – Stewarton and Dunlop – Horses". The Kilmarnock Herald. 28 April 1916.
- ^ "BWTA Tea set". futuremuseum.co.uk. Dumfries and Galloway Council. DUMFM:1986.19.3. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ "Town Notes". The Kilmarnock Herald. 26 March 1915. p. 3.
- ^ Votes for women and other plays. Susan Croft, Christopher St. John, Elizabeth Robins, Helen M. Nightingale, Alice Chapin, Cicely Hamilton. Twickenham: Aurora Metro Press. 2009. ISBN 978-1-906582-75-3. OCLC 680431894.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "Dramatic and Musical Entertainment". The Kilmarnock Herald. 23 January 1914. p. 4.
- ^ a b "NUWSS Scottish Women's Hospital for Home and Foreign Service". Common Cause. 3 August 1917. p. 218.
- ^ a b "A Gallant Girl's Enterprise". The Coatbridge Express. 30 November 1922. p. 2.
- ^ a b "Dr. Katharine Macphail's Work in Jugoslavia – Sanatorium for Children". The Airdrie and Coatbridge Advertiser. 14 February 1935. p. 8.
- ^ "The "Scottish Lassie" Motor Ambulance". The Daily Record and Mail. 3 November 1914. p. 6.
- ^ "The "Scottish Lassie" Motor Ambulance". The Herald. 11 December 1914. p. 8.
- ^ "The "Scottish Lassie" Motor Ambulances". The Hamilton Advertiser. 19 December 1914.
- ^ a b c d . Globalsound Productions. 19 February 2014. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ Revista Română de Terapia Tulburărilor de Limbaj şi Comunicare. The Romanian Association for Baltic and Nordic Studies, Târgoviste: ASTTLR- Asociatia Specialistilor in Terapia Tulburarilor de Limbaj din Romania. 2012. pp. 68–70. doi:10.26744/rrttlc. S2CID 245550955.
- ^ "Miss Corbett in Serbia". The Daily Record. 25 December 1915. p. 1.
- ^ "Facts and Comments – Lord's Daughter a Prisoner". The Manchester Evening News. 29 December 1915.
- ^ "Topics of the Hour". Herne Bay Press. 8 January 1916.
- ^ "Lord Rowallan's Daughter Home from Serbia". Daily Record and Mail. 13 March 1916. p. 3.
- ^ "Women's Hospitals Committee "At Home"'". The Kilmarnock Herald. 4 June 1916.
- ^ "What some of our Societies are Doing". The Common Cause. 7 July 1916. p. 170.
- ^ "British Red Cross - Corbett - id 48795". vad.redcross.org.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ a b c Morrison, E.; Parry, C. (11 December 2014). "The Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service – the Girton and Newnham Unit, 1915–1918". The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 44 (4): 338; 341. doi:10.4997/JRCPE.2014.419. PMID 25516907. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
page 341 Dr. Blair Commissioner of SWH said 'The roads are beyond belief and the driving of our girl chauffeurs simply miraculous in its courage and skill' see note 20. Macpherson WG, Mitchell TJ. Medical Services General History, Vol 4. London: HMSO; 1924, 101
- ^ . Wayback Machine: Scottish Womens Hospitals. Archived from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
- ^ a b "Catalogue of Archives and Manuscripts Collections | National Library of Scotland | NLSMSS | Diary of the Honourable Elsie Cameron Corbett". manuscripts.nls.uk. Acc 14162. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ a b "[ Presentation copy. ] Red Cross in Serbia 1915-1919. A personal diary of experiences by Elsie Corbett. | Richard Ford". www.richardfordmanuscripts.co.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ Corbett, Elsie Cameron (1964). Red Cross In Serbia 1915 - 1919 : A Personal Diary Of Experiences. Cheney & Sons Ltd.
- ^ "Donations to NUWSS Scottish Women's Hospital – London Unit's Donations". Common Cause. 25 August 1916. p. 254.
- ^ "The Hon. Elsie Cameron Corbett and Miss Jean Arthur at the meet of Lord Eglinton's foxhounds at Caprington Castle, near Kilmarnock". The Daily Mirror. 17 January 1921. p. 9.
- ^ "The Royal Visit to Edinburgh – Reception at Holyrood – A Brilliant Gathering". The Scotsman. 11 July 1923. pp. 9–10.
- ^ "Oxfordshire Federation of Women's Institutes". The Oxfordshire Weekly News. 25 January 1922. p. 3.
- ^ "Merrie England - Federation of Women's Institutes - Yesterday and Tomorrow - The Task and The Workers". The Oxford Chronicle. 20 January 1922.
- ^ "Notes and Comments - Spelsbury". The Oxfordshire Weekly News. 21 March 1923.
- ^ "Mixbury Women's Institute - Last Month's Activities". The Buckingham Advertiser and North Bucks Free Press. 14 June 1924. p. 7.
- ^ "Wootton (Oxon) - Lecture". Oxfordshire Weekly News. 2 April 1924.
- ^ "Oxfordshire Federation of Women's Institutes - Pageant and Fete in Worcester College Grounds -St. Frideswide's Fair of Long Ago". The Banbury Guardian. 8 July 1926. p. 6.
- ^ a b "Catalogue of Archives and Manuscripts Collections | National Library of Scotland | NLSMSS | Travel diary of the Honourable Elsie Cameron Corbett". manuscripts.nls.uk. Acc.14194/1. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ Heuman, Grace; Corbett, Elsie; Antrobus, A. A. (31 March 1929). "Scraps of English Folklore, XVII. Oxfordshire". Folklore. 40 (1): 77–83. ISSN 0015-587X. JSTOR 1255712.
- ^ "Women's Institutes' Activities – Turville". Reading Mercury Oxford Gazette Newbury Herald and Berks County Paper. 22 April 1939. p. 21.
- ^ "With The Womens Institutes". North Wilts Herald. 24 October 1941. p. 6.
- ^ "District News - Shenington - Women's Institute". The Banbury Advertiser. 2 October 1941. p. 5.
- ^ a b Corbett, Elsie (1962) [1931]. A History of Spelsbury Including Dean, Taston, Fulwell and Ditchley (paperback ed.). Cheney. ISBN 978-1-902279-26-8.
- ^ "Royal Show Results - Cattle". Midland Daily Telegraph. 7 July 1931.
- ^ "Death of Scottish Peer – Brother of Former North Down M.P. – Lord Rowallan's End – Noted Philanthropist". Weekly Telegraph. 25 March 1933. p. 5.
- ^ "Situations vacant - Domestic servants". The Tewkesbury Register. 23 September 1933.
- ^ "For Sale by Private Contract". The Tewksbury Register. 29 September 1934. p. 1.
- ^ "57th Annual Meeting". Folk-Lore. 44. March 1935.
- ^ "Catalogue of Archives and Manuscripts Collections | National Library of Scotland | NLSMSS | Travel diary of the Honourable Elsie Cameron Corbett". manuscripts.nls.uk. Acc.14194/2. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ (PDF). Scout Information Centre. p. 2. FS295307 Oct/04 Edition no1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
- ^ "Youths in Trouble - Magistrate's Stern Warning". The Banbury Advertiser. 18 August 1938. p. 6.
- ^ "Bands of Hope – Alcohol and the Motorist: Blood-Test Problem – Scots Union Progress". The Scotsman. 20 March 1939. p. 14.
- ^ "Women's Institutes Half-Yearly Council – Many Discussions on Matters of Interest". The Banbury Guardian. 17 October 1946. p. 8.
- ^ "Women's Institutes - Bloxham". The Banbury Guardian. 29 May 1947.
- ^ Joyce, Dr Robin (3 March 2016). "Commemoration of women in foreign missions during the Great War". Women's History Network. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ "A Girl's Guide to World War musical theatre". AUSTLIT. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
External links edit
- portraits of Corbett's mother and father: miniatures (see image) sold privately at auction in 2013, and paintings held in Glasgow art gallery, see images under family life section of Archibald Cameron Corbett politician [1]
- film Elsie Cameron Corbett - Fenwick Parish Church 21 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine script Alan Cumming, presenter Victoria Wadsworth
- image of Corbett's grave - at All Saints' Churchyard, Spelsbury
- ^ "Politician". Glasgow Museums Art Donors Group. Retrieved 21 October 2021.