Egypt is classified as having a “high power system size (24,700 MW installed generation capacity in 2010 with more than 40 grid-connected plants).” As of 2010, 100% of the Egyptian population has access to electricity.[1]
When electricity was first introduced in Egypt in 1893, the generation and distribution of electricity was practiced exclusively by private companies. In 1962, the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity were nationalized under three authorities (the Electricity Production Authority, the Electricity Distribution Authority, and the Electricity Projects Implementation Authority) leaving the government as the sole owner and operator of all electrical companies.[2][3] These three authorities were replaced in 1965 by the public Egyptian Corporation for Electricity which remained active until 1976 when it was converted into the Egypt Electricity Authority as decreed by electricity sector Law no. 12.[3][4] In 1978 the Egypt Electricity Authority supervised the establishment of seven geographically divided electricity distribution companies.[2][3] An additional electrical power distribution authority was established in 1983 as a means of supervising distribution companies which had become independent of the Egypt Electricity Authority.[2]
Between 1996 and 2000 a series of laws and presidential decrees were passed to reorganize and regulate the growing electrical industry.
1996: Electricity sector Law no. 100 was issued, opening up the industry by allowing for the construction, operation, and maintenance of electric generation stations by both local and foreign investors.[3][4]
1997: The Electric Utility and Consumer Protection Regulatory Agency was established under presidential decree no. 326 to regulate, supervise, and monitor the relation between the associated electric utility parties.[3][5]
1998: Electricity sector Law no. 18 was issued declaring that all generation stations and the high voltage network were to be affiliated to the distribution companies which, in turn, were to be affiliated to the Egyptian Electricity Authority rather than the business sector.[3][4]
2000: presidential decree no. 339 and electricity sector Law no. 164 were issued. Presidential decree no. 339 reorganized the Electric Utility and Consumer Protection Regulatory Agency while electricity sector Law no. 164 enacted the conversion of The Egyptian Electricity Authority to a contribution company called the Egyptian Electric Holding Company (EEHC).[3][4][5]
Between 2000 and 2001, the EEHC implemented a division in the organization of Egypt's electrical management framework. Generation (production) activity was separated from distribution activity along with the separation of control and transmission between ultra-high-voltage and high-voltage networks.[3] This division rearranged the industry to consist of 13 companies: one company for electricity transmission, one company for hydroelectric power production, four companies for thermal power production, and seven companies for electricity distribution. In 2002 the Delta Company for electricity distribution divided into North Delta and South Delta increasing the number of companies to 14. In 2004 the Cairo company for electricity distribution divided into North Cairo and South Cairo in addition to the Delta company for electricity production dividing into three companies: East Delta, Middle Delta and West Delta.[2]
Currently,[when?] there are 16 companies affiliated with the EEHC that make up the Egyptian electric utility system.[6] The production companies are made up of Cairo, East Delta, Middle Delta, West Delta, Upper Egypt, and Hydro Plants Electricity Production Companies. Transmission company: Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company. Distribution companies: North Cairo, South Cairo, Alexandria, Canal, North Delta, South Delta, El- Behera, Middle Egypt, and Upper Egypt Electricity Distribution Companies.
Power system issuesedit
Since the early 2000s, power outage rates and durations, as well as distribution system losses, have trended downwards indicating that distribution companies have improved their overall customer service quality over the past decade; however, Egypt has seen a great weakening in its supply security. The power system's generation reserve capacity declined from 20% in the early 2000s to 10% by the 2010s. The Egyptian power system is now significantly less able to avoid power shortages during annual peak demand periods, which are typically the afternoons on the hottest days of the year.[1]
The weakening of Egypt's supply security has caused widespread social issues in the 2010s. To deal with the extremely high demand for electricity, rolling blackouts and power cuts were implemented throughout the summer of 2012 causing great tension between the government and the people of Egypt. Angry residents from many villages protested the rolling blackouts by threatening to not pay their electricity bills and to sue their electricity provider. A campaign entitled “We Will Not Pay” was organized to encourage people to not pay their bills until the electrical service was stable once again. Residents from the Bardeen village in Zagazig also protested the unstable supply of electricity by blocking the Belbeis-Zagazig road. The government released statements encouraging people to ration their electricity consumption and announced that work was being done to generate an additional 1800 MW of power. Minister of Petroleum Abdullah Ghorab reiterated the importance of conserving electricity to avoid a state implemented policy of load shedding.[7]
^ abVagliasindi, Maria; Besant-Jones, John (28 March 2013). Power Market Structure: Revisiting Policy Options(PDF). Washington, DC: The World Bank. pp. 161, 168.
^ abcd"Development of Electricity in Egypt". Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Electricity and Energy. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ abcdefgh. Egyptian Electric Utility And Consumer Protection Regulatory Agency. Archived from the original on 14 October 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
^ abcd. Egyptian Electric Utility And Consumer Protection Regulatory Agency. Archived from the original on 14 October 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
^ ab. Egyptian Electric Utility And Consumer Protection Regulatory Agency. Archived from the original on 14 October 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
^(PDF). Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Electricity and Energy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
^Al-Youm, Al-Masry (22 July 2012). "Rolling blackouts policy sparks anger across Egypt". Egypt Independent. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
electricity, sector, egypt, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Electricity sector in Egypt news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2023 Learn how and when to remove this message Egypt is classified as having a high power system size 24 700 MW installed generation capacity in 2010 with more than 40 grid connected plants As of 2010 100 of the Egyptian population has access to electricity 1 Contents 1 History 2 Power system issues 3 See also 4 ReferencesHistory editWhen electricity was first introduced in Egypt in 1893 the generation and distribution of electricity was practiced exclusively by private companies In 1962 the generation transmission and distribution of electricity were nationalized under three authorities the Electricity Production Authority the Electricity Distribution Authority and the Electricity Projects Implementation Authority leaving the government as the sole owner and operator of all electrical companies 2 3 These three authorities were replaced in 1965 by the public Egyptian Corporation for Electricity which remained active until 1976 when it was converted into the Egypt Electricity Authority as decreed by electricity sector Law no 12 3 4 In 1978 the Egypt Electricity Authority supervised the establishment of seven geographically divided electricity distribution companies 2 3 An additional electrical power distribution authority was established in 1983 as a means of supervising distribution companies which had become independent of the Egypt Electricity Authority 2 Between 1996 and 2000 a series of laws and presidential decrees were passed to reorganize and regulate the growing electrical industry 1996 Electricity sector Law no 100 was issued opening up the industry by allowing for the construction operation and maintenance of electric generation stations by both local and foreign investors 3 4 1997 The Electric Utility and Consumer Protection Regulatory Agency was established under presidential decree no 326 to regulate supervise and monitor the relation between the associated electric utility parties 3 5 1998 Electricity sector Law no 18 was issued declaring that all generation stations and the high voltage network were to be affiliated to the distribution companies which in turn were to be affiliated to the Egyptian Electricity Authority rather than the business sector 3 4 2000 presidential decree no 339 and electricity sector Law no 164 were issued Presidential decree no 339 reorganized the Electric Utility and Consumer Protection Regulatory Agency while electricity sector Law no 164 enacted the conversion of The Egyptian Electricity Authority to a contribution company called the Egyptian Electric Holding Company EEHC 3 4 5 Between 2000 and 2001 the EEHC implemented a division in the organization of Egypt s electrical management framework Generation production activity was separated from distribution activity along with the separation of control and transmission between ultra high voltage and high voltage networks 3 This division rearranged the industry to consist of 13 companies one company for electricity transmission one company for hydroelectric power production four companies for thermal power production and seven companies for electricity distribution In 2002 the Delta Company for electricity distribution divided into North Delta and South Delta increasing the number of companies to 14 In 2004 the Cairo company for electricity distribution divided into North Cairo and South Cairo in addition to the Delta company for electricity production dividing into three companies East Delta Middle Delta and West Delta 2 Currently when there are 16 companies affiliated with the EEHC that make up the Egyptian electric utility system 6 The production companies are made up of Cairo East Delta Middle Delta West Delta Upper Egypt and Hydro Plants Electricity Production Companies Transmission company Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company Distribution companies North Cairo South Cairo Alexandria Canal North Delta South Delta El Behera Middle Egypt and Upper Egypt Electricity Distribution Companies Power system issues editSince the early 2000s power outage rates and durations as well as distribution system losses have trended downwards indicating that distribution companies have improved their overall customer service quality over the past decade however Egypt has seen a great weakening in its supply security The power system s generation reserve capacity declined from 20 in the early 2000s to 10 by the 2010s The Egyptian power system is now significantly less able to avoid power shortages during annual peak demand periods which are typically the afternoons on the hottest days of the year 1 The weakening of Egypt s supply security has caused widespread social issues in the 2010s To deal with the extremely high demand for electricity rolling blackouts and power cuts were implemented throughout the summer of 2012 causing great tension between the government and the people of Egypt Angry residents from many villages protested the rolling blackouts by threatening to not pay their electricity bills and to sue their electricity provider A campaign entitled We Will Not Pay was organized to encourage people to not pay their bills until the electrical service was stable once again Residents from the Bardeen village in Zagazig also protested the unstable supply of electricity by blocking the Belbeis Zagazig road The government released statements encouraging people to ration their electricity consumption and announced that work was being done to generate an additional 1800 MW of power Minister of Petroleum Abdullah Ghorab reiterated the importance of conserving electricity to avoid a state implemented policy of load shedding 7 See also editEnergy in Egypt Renewable energy in Egypt List of power stations in EgyptReferences edit a b Vagliasindi Maria Besant Jones John 28 March 2013 Power Market Structure Revisiting Policy Options PDF Washington DC The World Bank pp 161 168 a b c d Development of Electricity in Egypt Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Electricity and Energy Retrieved 16 April 2015 a b c d e f g h Electricity in Egypt Egyptian Electric Utility And Consumer Protection Regulatory Agency Archived from the original on 14 October 2015 Retrieved 19 April 2015 a b c d Electricity Legislation Egyptian Electric Utility And Consumer Protection Regulatory Agency Archived from the original on 14 October 2015 Retrieved 20 April 2015 a b Establishment Decree Egyptian Electric Utility And Consumer Protection Regulatory Agency Archived from the original on 14 October 2015 Retrieved 20 April 2015 Egyptian electricity holding company annual reports PDF Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Electricity and Energy Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 20 April 2015 Al Youm Al Masry 22 July 2012 Rolling blackouts policy sparks anger across Egypt Egypt Independent Retrieved 4 May 2015 Portals nbsp Egypt nbsp Energy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Electricity sector in Egypt amp oldid 1141113891, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
