The Portrait of Eleanor of Toledo and Her Son is a painting by the Italian artist Agnolo di Cosimo, known as Bronzino, finished ca. 1545. One of his most famous works,[1] it is housed in the Uffizi Gallery of Florence, Italy and is considered one of the preeminent examples of Mannerist portraiture.[2] The painting depicts Eleanor of Toledo, the wife of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, sitting with her hand resting on the shoulder of one of her sons. This gesture, as well as the pomegranate motif on her dress, referred to her role as mother. Eleanor wears a heavily brocaded dress with black arabesques. In this pose, she is depicted as the ideal woman of the Renaissance.[3] The painting is the first known state-commissioned portrait to include the ruler's heir. By including the child, Cosimo wished to imply that his rule would bring stability to the duchy.[4]
The child has been variously identified as being either Eleanor's son Francesco (born 1541), Giovanni (born 1543) or Garzia (born 1547). If the subject is the latter, the portrait should be dated around 1550–53, but the date is now generally assigned to c. 1545, based on an examination of the evolution of Bronzino's style, which would suggest Giovanni.[1]
The portrait has been called "cold", reflecting the sober formality of Eleanor's native Spanish Court, without the warmth typically expected of a portrait of mother and child. Such distancing is typical of the Mannerist school's rejection of naturalism.[5] Conversely, Eleanor's gown of elaborate brocadedvelvet, with its massed bouclé effects of gold weft loops in the style called riccio sopra riccio (loop over loop), is painstakingly replicated.[6] The painting is perhaps an advertisement for the Florentine silk industry, which had fallen in popularity in the first difficult years of the sixteenth century and was revived in the reign of Cosimo I. The precious golden belt, decorated with jewels and beads with a tassel, may have been made by the goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini.
Clothing
Detail of the brocaded velvet.
Eleanor is depicted wearing a formal gown over a camisa or smock of linen trimmed with narrow bands of blackwork embroidery at the neck and sleeve ruffles. Bronzino's painting captures the dimensionality of the brocadedsilkvelvet fabric in the gown with its loops of gold-wrapped thread and black pile arabesques against a white satin ground. Clothing made of such rich textiles was reserved for official occasions and was not typical of Eleanor's everyday wardrobe, which featured solid-coloured gowns of velvets and satins.[7]
When Eleanor's body was exhumed in the 19th century, some concluded she had been buried in the same dress as in the portrait.[1] An almost identical hairnet might have caused this confusion. But newer research shows that she was buried in a much simpler white satin gown over a crimson velvet bodice (and probably a matching petticoat, which has not survived).[8][9] After a long and complex restoration, the original clothing has been conserved and detailed reconstructions are displayed in the Costume Gallery in the Palazzo Pitti, Florence. The original garments are much too fragile for public display.[10]
References
External video
Smarthistory – Bronzino's Portrait of Eleonora di Toledo with her son Giovanni[5]
^ abcThomas, Joe A. (1994). "Fabric and Dress in Bronzino's Portrait of Eleanor of Toledo and Son Giovanni". Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte. 57 (2): 262–67. doi:10.2307/1482735. JSTOR 1482735.
^"Eleanor of Toledo with Her Son Giovanni". Britannica. Retrieved 21 April 2011. (subscription required)
^Teplis, Michelle (2011), "The Ideal Woman behind a Portrait", Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History, Armstrong Atlantic State University, ISSN 2163-8551, retrieved 16 December 2012
^Bilik, Shiri (Spring 2002), , Michigan Today, University of Michigan, archived from the original on 26 July 2013, retrieved 16 December 2012
^ ab "Bronzino's Portrait of Eleonora di Toledo with her son Giovanni". Smarthistory at Khan Academy. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
^"Fashion at the Medici Court: the conserved clothes of Cosimo, Eleonora and don Garzia – Florence, Galleria del Costume, Palazzo Pitti, June 25 – December 31, 1993 (exhibition catalogue)". Retrieved 31 December 2012.
Arnold, Janet (1985). Patterns of fashion 3: The cut and construction of clothes for men and women, c. 1560–1620. London New York: Macmillan Drama Book. ISBN0896760839.
Buticchi, Susanna. La Grande Storia dell'Arte. Cinquecento. Il Sole 24 Ore-E.ducation.it. Firenze.
Landini, Roberta Orsi; Bruna, Niccola (2005). Moda a Firenze 1540–1580: Lo stile di Eleonora di Toledo e la sua influenza. Italy: Mauro Pagliai.
Monnas, Lisa (2012). Renaissance Velvets. London New York: V&A Pub. Distributed in North America by Harry N. Abrams. ISBN9781851776566.
January 12, 2023
portrait, eleanor, toledo, painting, italian, artist, agnolo, cosimo, known, bronzino, finished, 1545, most, famous, works, housed, uffizi, gallery, florence, italy, considered, preeminent, examples, mannerist, portraiture, painting, depicts, eleanor, toledo, . The Portrait of Eleanor of Toledo and Her Son is a painting by the Italian artist Agnolo di Cosimo known as Bronzino finished ca 1545 One of his most famous works 1 it is housed in the Uffizi Gallery of Florence Italy and is considered one of the preeminent examples of Mannerist portraiture 2 The painting depicts Eleanor of Toledo the wife of Cosimo I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany sitting with her hand resting on the shoulder of one of her sons This gesture as well as the pomegranate motif on her dress referred to her role as mother Eleanor wears a heavily brocaded dress with black arabesques In this pose she is depicted as the ideal woman of the Renaissance 3 The painting is the first known state commissioned portrait to include the ruler s heir By including the child Cosimo wished to imply that his rule would bring stability to the duchy 4 Portrait of Eleanor of Toledo and Her SonItalian Eleonora di Toledo col figlio GiovanniArtistBronzinoYearcirca 1545TypeOil on panelDimensions115 cm 96 cm 45 in 38 in LocationUffizi Gallery Florence ItalyThe child has been variously identified as being either Eleanor s son Francesco born 1541 Giovanni born 1543 or Garzia born 1547 If the subject is the latter the portrait should be dated around 1550 53 but the date is now generally assigned to c 1545 based on an examination of the evolution of Bronzino s style which would suggest Giovanni 1 The portrait has been called cold reflecting the sober formality of Eleanor s native Spanish Court without the warmth typically expected of a portrait of mother and child Such distancing is typical of the Mannerist school s rejection of naturalism 5 Conversely Eleanor s gown of elaborate brocaded velvet with its massed boucle effects of gold weft loops in the style called riccio sopra riccio loop over loop is painstakingly replicated 6 The painting is perhaps an advertisement for the Florentine silk industry which had fallen in popularity in the first difficult years of the sixteenth century and was revived in the reign of Cosimo I The precious golden belt decorated with jewels and beads with a tassel may have been made by the goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini Clothing Edit Detail of the brocaded velvet Eleanor is depicted wearing a formal gown over a camisa or smock of linen trimmed with narrow bands of blackwork embroidery at the neck and sleeve ruffles Bronzino s painting captures the dimensionality of the brocaded silk velvet fabric in the gown with its loops of gold wrapped thread and black pile arabesques against a white satin ground Clothing made of such rich textiles was reserved for official occasions and was not typical of Eleanor s everyday wardrobe which featured solid coloured gowns of velvets and satins 7 When Eleanor s body was exhumed in the 19th century some concluded she had been buried in the same dress as in the portrait 1 An almost identical hairnet might have caused this confusion But newer research shows that she was buried in a much simpler white satin gown over a crimson velvet bodice and probably a matching petticoat which has not survived 8 9 After a long and complex restoration the original clothing has been conserved and detailed reconstructions are displayed in the Costume Gallery in the Palazzo Pitti Florence The original garments are much too fragile for public display 10 References EditExternal video Smarthistory Bronzino s Portrait of Eleonora di Toledo with her son Giovanni 5 a b c Thomas Joe A 1994 Fabric and Dress in Bronzino s Portrait of Eleanor of Toledo and Son Giovanni Zeitschrift fur Kunstgeschichte 57 2 262 67 doi 10 2307 1482735 JSTOR 1482735 Eleanor of Toledo with Her Son Giovanni Britannica Retrieved 21 April 2011 subscription required Teplis Michelle 2011 The Ideal Woman behind a Portrait Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History Armstrong Atlantic State University ISSN 2163 8551 retrieved 16 December 2012 Bilik Shiri Spring 2002 Women Who Ruled Michigan Today University of Michigan archived from the original on 26 July 2013 retrieved 16 December 2012 a b Bronzino s Portrait of Eleonora di Toledo with her son Giovanni Smarthistory at Khan Academy Retrieved 30 December 2012 Monnas 2012 p 20 Fashion at the Medici Court the conserved clothes of Cosimo Eleonora and don Garzia Florence Galleria del Costume Palazzo Pitti June 25 December 31 1993 exhibition catalogue Retrieved 31 December 2012 Arnold 1985 p 102 Landini 2005 p 70 74 Medici Archive Retrieved 30 December 2012 Sources Edit Arnold Janet 1985 Patterns of fashion 3 The cut and construction of clothes for men and women c 1560 1620 London New York Macmillan Drama Book ISBN 0896760839 Buticchi Susanna La Grande Storia dell Arte Cinquecento Il Sole 24 Ore E ducation it Firenze Landini Roberta Orsi Bruna Niccola 2005 Moda a Firenze 1540 1580 Lo stile di Eleonora di Toledo e la sua influenza Italy Mauro Pagliai Monnas Lisa 2012 Renaissance Velvets London New York V amp A Pub Distributed in North America by Harry N Abrams ISBN 9781851776566 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Portrait of Eleanor of Toledo amp oldid 1057931113, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
