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Al-Maghar

January 01, 1970

For other uses, see Maghar.

Al-Maghar was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict of Mandatory Palestine. It was depopulated by the Givati Brigade during Operation Barak on 18 May 1948. It was located 12 km southwest of Ramla, situated north of Wadi al-Maghar.

Al-Maghar
المغار
Al-Maghar, 1940
Etymology: The caves[1]
1870s map
1940s map
modern map
1940s with modern overlay map
A series of historical maps of the area around Al-Maghar (click the buttons)
Al-Maghar
Location within Mandatory Palestine
Coordinates: 31°50′19″N 34°46′56″E / 31.83861°N 34.78222°E / 31.83861; 34.78222
Palestine grid129/138
Geopolitical entityMandatory Palestine
SubdistrictRamle
Date of depopulation18 May 1948[4]
Area
[3]
 • Total15,390 dunams (15.39 km2 or 5.94 sq mi)
Population
 (1945)
 • Total1,740[2][3]
Cause(s) of depopulationMilitary assault by Yishuv forces
Current LocalitiesBeit Elazari[5]

History edit

An inscription which was in Greek, and dated to a Christian period was found here.[6][7]

In the 8th century, the village was the birthplace of the Islamic jurist Abu al-Hasan Muhammad al-Maghari.[8]

Ottoman era edit

In 1517, Al-Maghar, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire, and in the 1596 tax registers the village appeared under the name of Imgar, as being in the nahiya (subdistrict) of Gaza under the Liwa of Gaza, with a population was 22 households, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on various agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, summer crops, fruit trees, olive trees, and sesame; a total of 6,400 akçe.[9]

In 1838, el Mughar was noted by Edward Robinson from Aqir,[10] he further noted it as a Muslim village in the Gaza district.[11]

In 1863 Victor Guérin found a village with about 200 inhabitants living in adobe houses. He further noted "vast fields, of which the extreme fertility delights the sight." The barley was already partially harvested, and elsewhere the plain was seeded with corn and durrah.[12]

An Ottoman village list of about 1870 indicated 54 houses and a population of 174, though the population count included men, only.[13][14]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as consisting almost entirely of adobe houses, "occupying the south slope of the hill, and built in front of caves in the rock. There are fig-gardens beneath, and pasture-land round it on the north and east. The village is not larger than most of those in the plain." "It has two wells: one north, one west."[15] Figs were noted here.[16]

The Battle of Mughar Ridge between British and Ottoman forces in the World War I was fought in the environs of Al-Maghar.

British Mandate era edit

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Mughar had a population of 966 inhabitants, all Muslims,[17] while in the 1931 census, Mughar had 255 occupied houses and a population of 1,211 Muslims.[18]

 
El Maghar 1930 1:20,000

In the 1945 statistics, it had a population of 1,740 Muslims,[2] and the total land area was 15,390 dunums.[3] Of this, Arabs used a total of 1,772 dunums for citrus and bananas, 9,075 dunums were used for cereals, 86 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards,[19] while 31 dunams were classified as built-up urban areas.[20]

It had an elementary school and in 1945, it had an enrollment of 170 students.[5]

1948, and aftermath edit

The village was attacked, occupied and depopulated on 18 May 1948.[4][21] In June 1948, the village was destroyed to prevent the return of the inhabitants.[22] In early 1949, American Quaker relief workers reported that many of those living in tents in what became Maghazi refugee camp had come from Al-Maghar.[23]

The Israeli moshav of Beit Elazari is built on the land of the destroyed Palestinian town of Al-Maghar.[5]

References edit

  1. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 272
  2. ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 30
  3. ^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 67
  4. ^ a b Morris, 2004, p. xix village #256. Also gives cause of depopulation
  5. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 395
  6. ^ Clermont-Ganneau, 1874, p. 275
  7. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 427
  8. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 394
  9. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 146
  10. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, p. 22
  11. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd appendix, p. 118
  12. ^ Guérin, 1869, p. 36
  13. ^ Socin, 1879, p. 154 noted in The Gaza district
  14. ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 133, noted 56 houses
  15. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 411
  16. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 418
  17. ^ Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Gaza, p. 9
  18. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 5
  19. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 116
  20. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 166
  21. ^ Morris, 2004, pp. 95, 255, 306, 314, 350,373
  22. ^ Morris, 2004, p. 350.
  23. ^ Gallagher, Nancy (2007) ‘’Quakers in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The Dilemmas of NGO Humanitarian Activism’’ The American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 977-416-105-X p 75

Bibliography edit

  • Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Clermont-Ganneau, C.S. (1874). "Letters from M. Clermont-Ganneau". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 6: 261-280.
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
  • Guérin, V. (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). . Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre. Archived from the original on 2018-12-08. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
  • Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
  • Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
  • Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
  • Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.

External links edit

January 01, 1970
maghar, other, uses, maghar, palestinian, arab, village, ramle, subdistrict, mandatory, palestine, depopulated, givati, brigade, during, operation, barak, 1948, located, southwest, ramla, situated, north, wadi, maghar, المغار, 1940etymology, caves, 1870s, 1940. For other uses see Maghar Al Maghar was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict of Mandatory Palestine It was depopulated by the Givati Brigade during Operation Barak on 18 May 1948 It was located 12 km southwest of Ramla situated north of Wadi al Maghar Al Maghar المغارAl Maghar 1940Etymology The caves 1 1870s map 1940s map modern map 1940s with modern overlay mapA series of historical maps of the area around Al Maghar click the buttons Al MagharLocation within Mandatory PalestineCoordinates 31 50 19 N 34 46 56 E 31 83861 N 34 78222 E 31 83861 34 78222Palestine grid129 138Geopolitical entityMandatory PalestineSubdistrictRamleDate of depopulation18 May 1948 4 Area 3 Total15 390 dunams 15 39 km2 or 5 94 sq mi Population 1945 Total1 740 2 3 Cause s of depopulationMilitary assault by Yishuv forcesCurrent LocalitiesBeit Elazari 5 Contents 1 History 1 1 Ottoman era 1 2 British Mandate era 1 3 1948 and aftermath 2 References 3 Bibliography 4 External linksHistory editAn inscription which was in Greek and dated to a Christian period was found here 6 7 In the 8th century the village was the birthplace of the Islamic jurist Abu al Hasan Muhammad al Maghari 8 Ottoman era edit In 1517 Al Maghar like the rest of Palestine was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire and in the 1596 tax registers the village appeared under the name of Imgar as being in the nahiya subdistrict of Gaza under the Liwa of Gaza with a population was 22 households all Muslim The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33 3 on various agricultural products such as wheat barley summer crops fruit trees olive trees and sesame a total of 6 400 akce 9 In 1838 el Mughar was noted by Edward Robinson from Aqir 10 he further noted it as a Muslim village in the Gaza district 11 In 1863 Victor Guerin found a village with about 200 inhabitants living in adobe houses He further noted vast fields of which the extreme fertility delights the sight The barley was already partially harvested and elsewhere the plain was seeded with corn and durrah 12 An Ottoman village list of about 1870 indicated 54 houses and a population of 174 though the population count included men only 13 14 In 1882 the PEF s Survey of Western Palestine SWP described it as consisting almost entirely of adobe houses occupying the south slope of the hill and built in front of caves in the rock There are fig gardens beneath and pasture land round it on the north and east The village is not larger than most of those in the plain It has two wells one north one west 15 Figs were noted here 16 The Battle of Mughar Ridge between British and Ottoman forces in the World War I was fought in the environs of Al Maghar British Mandate era edit In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities Mughar had a population of 966 inhabitants all Muslims 17 while in the 1931 census Mughar had 255 occupied houses and a population of 1 211 Muslims 18 nbsp El Maghar 1930 1 20 000 In the 1945 statistics it had a population of 1 740 Muslims 2 and the total land area was 15 390 dunums 3 Of this Arabs used a total of 1 772 dunums for citrus and bananas 9 075 dunums were used for cereals 86 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards 19 while 31 dunams were classified as built up urban areas 20 It had an elementary school and in 1945 it had an enrollment of 170 students 5 1948 and aftermath edit The village was attacked occupied and depopulated on 18 May 1948 4 21 In June 1948 the village was destroyed to prevent the return of the inhabitants 22 In early 1949 American Quaker relief workers reported that many of those living in tents in what became Maghazi refugee camp had come from Al Maghar 23 The Israeli moshav of Beit Elazari is built on the land of the destroyed Palestinian town of Al Maghar 5 References edit Palmer 1881 p 272 a b Government of Palestine Department of Statistics 1945 p 30 a b c Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 67 a b Morris 2004 p xix village 256 Also gives cause of depopulation a b c Khalidi 1992 p 395 Clermont Ganneau 1874 p 275 Conder and Kitchener 1882 SWP II p 427 Khalidi 1992 p 394 Hutteroth and Abdulfattah 1977 p 146 Robinson and Smith 1841 vol 3 p 22 Robinson and Smith 1841 vol 3 2nd appendix p 118 Guerin 1869 p 36 Socin 1879 p 154 noted in The Gaza district Hartmann 1883 p 133 noted 56 houses Conder and Kitchener 1882 SWP II p 411 Conder and Kitchener 1882 SWP II p 418 Barron 1923 Table V Sub district of Gaza p 9 Mills 1932 p 5 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 116 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 166 Morris 2004 pp 95 255 306 314 350 373 Morris 2004 p 350 Gallagher Nancy 2007 Quakers in the Israeli Palestinian Conflict The Dilemmas of NGO Humanitarian Activism The American University in Cairo Press ISBN 977 416 105 X p 75Bibliography editBarron J B ed 1923 Palestine Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 Government of Palestine Clermont Ganneau C S 1874 Letters from M Clermont Ganneau Palestine Exploration Quarterly 6 261 280 Conder C R Kitchener H H 1882 The Survey of Western Palestine Memoirs of the Topography Orography Hydrography and Archaeology Vol 2 London Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Government of Palestine Department of Statistics 1945 Village Statistics April 1945 Guerin V 1869 Description Geographique Historique et Archeologique de la Palestine in French Vol 1 Judee pt 2 Paris L Imprimerie Nationale Hadawi S 1970 Village Statistics of 1945 A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre Archived from the original on 2018 12 08 Retrieved 2009 08 18 Hartmann M 1883 Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem turkischen Staatskalender fur Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht 1871 Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina Vereins 6 102 149 Hutteroth Wolf Dieter Abdulfattah Kamal 1977 Historical Geography of Palestine Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten Sonderband 5 Erlangen Germany Vorstand der Frankischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ISBN 3 920405 41 2 Khalidi W 1992 All That Remains The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948 Washington D C Institute for Palestine Studies ISBN 0 88728 224 5 Mills E ed 1932 Census of Palestine 1931 Population of Villages Towns and Administrative Areas Jerusalem Government of Palestine Morris B 2004 The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 00967 6 Palmer E H 1881 The Survey of Western Palestine Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener R E Transliterated and Explained by E H Palmer Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Robinson E Smith E 1841 Biblical Researches in Palestine Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea A Journal of Travels in the year 1838 Vol 3 Boston Crocker amp Brewster Socin A 1879 Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina Vereins 2 135 163 External links editWelcome To al Maghar al Maghar Zochrot Survey of Western Palestine Map 16 IAA Wikimedia commons al Maghar from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Al Maghar amp oldid 1214433343, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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